Studies on sulfur doping and figure of merit in vapor grown Sb2Te3 platelet crystals
A1. Characterization; A1. Doping; A2. Growth from vapor; B2. Semiconducting materials
A series of p-type Sb2Te3-xSx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) samples for each sulfur composition was vapor deposited to explore the crystal growth mechanism of platelet morphology and to understand their potential use for thermoelectric devices. Structural characterization performed by X-ray diffraction exhibited consistent rhombohedral unit cell parameters for all the antimony telluride crystals with D3d5 space group symmetry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) were employed for morphological and compositional studies. The Seebeck coefficient S (?c) of Sb2Te3-xSx crystals for sulfur composition, x=0.3 was remarkably improved, yielding a figure of merit (ZT)=0.54, which is ?2.5 fold rise compared to the melt grown Sb2Te3 crystals. The atomic force microscopic (AFM) imprints revealed that, with increasing content of dopant, distribution of etch pits and microhardness increased in sulfur doped crystals. By optimizing sulfur doping, the antisite (AS) defect formation can be suppressed for enhancing ZT and the results obtained enable to design novel thermoelectric materials for application in power generation and refrigeration. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol-415, pp. 65-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.12.031 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921373795&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcrysgro.2014.12.031&partnerID=40&md5=45748e4b7e28bf322c2ba9d5b3439095
Thankamma G., Crystal Research Centre, Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Kunjomana A.G., Crystal Research Centre, Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India
Enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency in vapor deposited Sb 2Te3 and Sb1.8In0.2Te3 crystals
defects; doping; figure of merit; physical vapor deposition
Pure and indium doped antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) crystals find applications in high performance room temperature thermoelectric devices. Owing to the meagre physical properties exhibited on the cleavage faces of melt grown samples, an attempt was made to explore the thermoelectric parameters of p-type crystals grown by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The crystal structure of the grown platelets (9 mm8 mm2 mm) was identified as rhombohedral by x-ray powder diffraction method. The energy dispersive analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the crystals. The electron microscopic and scanning probe image studies revealed that the crystals were grown by layer growth mechanism with low surface roughness. At room temperature (300 K), the values of Seebeck coefficient S (c) and power factor were observed to be higher for Sb1.8In0.2Te 3 crystals (155 ?VK-1, 2.669 10-3 W/mK2) than those of pure ones. Upon doping, the thermal conductivity ? (c) was decreased by 37.14% and thus thermoelectric efficiency was improved. The increased figure of merit, Z = 1.23 10-3 K -1 for vapour grown Sb1.8In0.2Te3 platelets indicates that it could be used as a potential thermoelectric candidate. Pure and indium doped antimony telluride (Sb2Te 3) crystals were grown by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Incorporation of indium atoms into the antimony sub lattice improved Seebeck coefficient and reduced thermal conductivity. The increased figure of merit, Z = 1.23 10-3K-1 for vapor grown Sb 1.8In0.2Te3 platelets indicates that it could be used as a potential thermoelectric candidate. 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Crystal Research and Technology, Vol-49, No. 4, pp. 212-219.
https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201300318 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898075803&doi=10.1002%2fcrat.201300318&partnerID=40&md5=b6ddffe0bb274a679da5583e4b31a9dd
Thankamma G., Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India; Kunjomana A.G., Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
Thankappan, Aparna; Thomas, Sabu; Wang, Yuhua
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation;pp.xix-xix
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-21983-2.00025-2 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105040304989?origin=resultslist
Thankappan A., Department of Physics, Baselius College, Kerala, Kottayam, India; Thomas S., Trivandrum Engineering Science & Technology Research Park (TrEST Research Park), Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India, Department of Physics & Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India, International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, Kottayam, India, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, Kottayam, India, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, Kottayam, India; Wang Y., School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology of National Development and Reform Commission, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation, Second Edition brings together the latest advances in perovskite photovoltaics, associated challenges and opportunities, and how to achieve further developments. This edition presents new topics and novel areas, including defect engineering, interface engineering, additive engineering, anti-solvents, single crystal perovskite solar cells, inorganic perovskites, optoelectronic characterization, and mathematical modeling of perovskite solar cells. In addition, the book contains a detailed analysis of the implementation and economic viability of perovskite solar cells, highlighting what photovoltaic devices need to be generated by low cost, non-toxic, earth abundant materials using environmentally-scalable processes. This book is a valuable resource for all those with an interest in perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics, and more broadly solar energy and renewable energy, including researchers, scientists, graduate students, engineers, R&D professionals, and other industry personnel. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation;pp.1-612
https://doi.org/10.1016/C2023-0-00120-0 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105040324225?origin=resultslist
Designing of a Human-Centric Autonomous Fish-Feeding Robot: Advancing Aquaculture Sustainability Through Enhanced HumanRobot Interaction
Aquaculture sustainability; Autonomous robotics; Fish-feeding automation; Human-centric design; Humanrobot interaction
The increasing need for sustainable and efficient aquaculture practices due to rising global seafood consumption and challenges such as labor shortages, environmental degradation, and inefficiencies in manual feeding methods highlights the crucial requirement for an autonomous fish-feeding robot. Service robots are usually designed as a mechatronic design issue focused on implementing essential technological functions, frequently neglecting the significance of intuitive operation and usability. Using the double diamond design framework, this study details the development of a human-centered autonomous fish-feeding robot for fish farming. The goal was to make it more user-friendly and sustainable. The project began the discovery phase to gather insights into aquaculture difficulties and find potential for innovation in fish-feeding procedures. Around 38 small- and medium-sized fish farmers from Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha were interviewed to gather their needs for fish farm feeding systems. In the Define phase, the focus shifted to developing a system that optimizes feeding efficiency while considering environmental factors and user requirements. During the development process, the team utilized iterative design and prototyping, incorporating modern technology such as AI for accurate feed distribution and sensors for evaluating water quality and fish health. User comments played a vital role in enhancing the robots usability and functionality. The Deliver phase concentrated on deploying the robot in simulation environments using ROS AND GAZEBO for the technical feasibility test, assessing its influence on operational efficiency and waste reduction, and advocating for sustainable aquaculture methods. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
Thanush, J.; Mahanta, Golak Bihari; Rout, Amruta; Biswal, Bibhuti Bhusan; Jha, Abhishek; Champatiray, Chiranjibi
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering;pp.153-168
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-7312-4_12 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019295046?origin=resultslist
Thanush J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Chennai Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vengal, India; Mahanta G.B., Department of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering, NIT Patna, Bihar, Patna, India; Rout A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Biswal B.B., Department of Industrial Design, NIT Rourkela, Odisha, Rourkela, India; Jha A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Chennai Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vengal, India; Champatiray C., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Moral Hazard in Capital Market: A Comprehensive Study
Moral hazard was originally a term used only in the field of insurance, but it has since entered capital markets, changing incentives and increasing systemic risk. This literature review confronts how information asymmetries, governance risk, and implicit guarantees create opportunism for managers, investors, and institutions. A systematic review of the existing literature that is reflected in 51 peer- reviewed articles reveals four themes: amplification of risk, misalignment of incentives, ethical governance, and institutional design. The review also identifies three major gaps: the neglect of the investor side, lack of consideration for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework, and lack of methodological innovation. This paper calls on researchers from various disciplines to examine moral hazard to better develop the literature and construct a more robust market. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Thapa, Rahul; Maniyar, Vaishnavi; Sistla, Pranathi; Rawlin, Rajveer S.
Investigating Moral Capital in Value Creation;pp.143-169
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-6043-0.ch05 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032362697?origin=resultslist
Thapa R., Christ University, India; Maniyar V., Christ University, India; Sistla P., Christ University, Bangalore, India; Rawlin R.S., Department of Business & Management, CHRIST University, India
Leveraging AI for personalized customer experiences
This chapter discusses the disruptive nature of artificial intelligence in strategic brand management, particularly how it can enable a personalized engagement with customers. It considers just how AI allows for easy navigation of complex consumer data to deliver a tailored experience aligned with changing customer expectations. This chapter describes AI- driven tools such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and recommendation engines that enable brands to segment audiences in real- time, predict behaviors, and tailor content for higher resonance. Operational efficiency through AI is also detailed-how it can use chatbots in automating customer interactions and develop data- driven decisions that enhance responsiveness as well as customer satisfaction. In fact, the author touched upon the long- term effects that artificial intelligence will cause on loyalty and trust towards a brand, with the emphasis on the continued refinement of personalization strategies. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
Strategic Brand Management in the Age of AI and Disruption;pp.303-324
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9461-8.ch012 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85219522221?origin=resultslist
Thapliyal S., Christ University, India; Bindal R., Christ University, India
Machine learning approach for automatic solar panel direction by using nae bayes algorithm
Artificial intelligence; Energy efficient; Machine learning; Microcontroller; Nae Bayes; Solar panel
The upsurge in fuel prices are pointing out the fact that, the deficiency of conventional form of natural resources and building dams can never fulfill the demand of the growing population and it is exponentially increasing the electricity demand. Electricity is a day-to-day component, which is utilized for lighting, running appliances, machines. Moreover a large number of people are now switching to electric cars. Henceforth, it is equally important to achieve self-sustainability in energy needs and also it is necessary to have an infinite energy source. Sustainable power is the solitary solution to resolve this issue. On the other hand, the Indian government is promoting solar technology a lot in the year 2021 by providing subsidies to a maximum limit of 65% for the installation of home solar projects and this encourages people to switch to electric vehicles to reduce the pollution. This article presents a machine learning based dual-axis solar tracker to enhance the energy harnessing efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed method utilizes Nae Bayes algorithm to develop a better solution for producing higher energy from the solar panel. The Nae Bayes algorithm is a type of machine learning algorithm, which has been used to predict the reliable direction. This proposed method generates higher electricity, when compared with the traditional method. The experimental results aim to fix the north east direction of solar panel that produces 17.4 watts per hour, wherein the proposed method produces 24.8 watts. It is indicated that, more than 25% additional power generation is obtained by using Nae Bayes algorithm method. 2021 IEEE.
Tharakan R.A.; Joshi R.; Ravindran G.; Jayapandian N.
Proceedings - 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems, ICICCS 2021, pp. 1317-1322.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432114 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107560091&doi=10.1109%2fICICCS51141.2021.9432114&partnerID=40&md5=557956aa50f67abff34e3e71ee9f194d
Tharakan R.A., Christ University, Department of CSE, Bangalore, India; Joshi R., Christ University, Department of CSE, Bangalore, India; Ravindran G., Christ University, Department of CSE, Bangalore, India; Jayapandian N., Christ University, Department of CSE, India
Gender as a Predictor in the Perception of Sexual Harassment Definition
Sexual harassment is a pervasive problem across the globe and it is generally viewed subjectively. The review of the literature suggests that individual perception, history of past sexual harassment and other personal factors influence beliefs concerning the seriousness of the problem. The present study aims to explore the role of socio demographic variables in the definition of sexual harassment. One hundred and sixty-one college students volunteered for this study. Personal profile sheet and Sexual Harassment Definition Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results of the chi-square test suggested that girls and students who already experienced sexual harassment found larger social incidents as harassment. However, the results of logistic regression found gender as a strong predictor of sexual harassment definition and the history of past harassment was failed to provide a statistical significance. Educating men on male privilege, violence against women and identifying behaviours in them that are not acceptable by women will be helpful. The Electrochemical Society
ECS Transactions, Vol-107, No. 1, pp. 16391-16396.
https://doi.org/10.1149/10701.16391ecst https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130560773&doi=10.1149%2f10701.16391ecst&partnerID=40&md5=37f1380ac19e01fe244417ffe9f0db39
Tharumiya A.K., Indian Institute of Psychology and Research, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manicka M.M.K., School of Business and Management, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
AGGRESSION AS A PREDICTOR OF GENERAL WELL-BEING AMONG PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
aggression; general well-being; sanitary workers
Social atrocities and discrimination make sanitary workers vulnerable to aggression which in turn disrupts their well-being. The issues concerning the psychological health of sanitary workers have been addressed less by researchers. The present study aimed to assess the level of aggression and general well-being among sanitary workers. An aggression questionnaire, consisting of four dimensions, namely physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility was used. The PGI general well-being measure and personal profile sheet consisting of socio-demographic details was given to 150 sanitary workers who were selected through purposive sampling method. The dimensions of aggression- anger and hostility were negatively correlated with the general well-being of the participants. Amongst the four dimensions of aggression, anger is found to be the predictor of general well-being. 2022 Australasian College of Health Service Management. All right reserved.
Tharumiya A.K.; Menon P.; Manicka M.M.K.; Nandhini C.
Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, Vol-17, No. 2
Australasian College of Health Service Management
https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v17i2.643 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141275356&doi=10.24083%2fapjhm.v17i2.643&partnerID=40&md5=0daa0f275d4e559b9a50de37526e4fd1
Tharumiya A.K., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Menon P., Amrita University, Kochi, India; Manicka M.M.K., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Nandhini C., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
Influence of Mindfulness on Game Addiction-Mediating Role of Emotional Control
Emotional control; game addiction; mindfulness and college students
In the past few decades, online games have become immensely popular among the younger generation thus leading to online game addiction. Previous researches acknowledge that mindfulness or present-focused awareness may reduce addiction. Moreover, addiction is found to have an impact on the propensity to respond to the situations in the environment in a way that is acceptable to all the people (emotional control). The present study attempts to study the influence of mindfulness and emotional control on game addiction. For this, 187 college students were selected through the Simple Random Sampling method. Personal Profile Sheet, The Online Game Addiction Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and The Emotional Control Questionnaire, with four dimensions of Rehearsal, Emotional Inhibition, Aggression Control and Benign control were used to collect the data. The study found a significant gender difference in the level of game addiction where boys being more addicted to online games than girls. Mindfulness shows a significant negative influence over Game Addiction. Among the four dimensions of emotional control, the two dimensions viz., rehearsal and benign control show mediation effect between mindfulness and game addiction. However, the mediating role of emotional inhibition and aggression control was not significantly demonstrative. The Author(s) 2024.
Tharumiya A.K.; P R.; Sakthivel K.; K J.; Manicka M.M.K.
Tharumiya A.K., Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; P R., Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Sakthivel K., Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; K J., Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Manicka M.M.K., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
An Intelligent Decision Support System to Aid Profit Planning in Manufacturing Companies
Break-Even Analysis; Management Accounting; Market Demand; Multi-product Break Even Point; Profit Planning
In order to assure accuracy in profit planning and decision-making, this study uses an intelligent decision support system to investigate an appropriate approach for calculating the "Break-Even" point in multi-product segments while taking into account the implications for contribution margin, demand, and capacity. The research's methodology and findings may be used to propose new projects, grow businesses, and make decisions in processes that focus on many products. Data are used to illustrate the advanced level of break-even analysis and application, and a description of the convenient and system-generated method of computation is given. A mathematical approach has been used based on actual data to show how to determine the break-even point without sacrificing the influencing aspects such as contribution margin, capacity, product mix, and demand for each. The researchers have created a good system application-oriented platform to make it simple to calculate the break-even point, which will be crucial for decision-making and profit planning even with more than 500 SKU (Stock Keeping Unit). This research evaluated the data and created formulas for actual data structure-based analysis. The study's conclusions have a significant influence on those companies that need to determine the true break-even threshold. The challenge area of concern might be the applicability of this activity for other sectors and other countries as this research was centred on the plastic bag industry in Malaysia. Future research can also analyse other important factors like start-up and semi-variable costs as they are not included in the current study. The identified break-even threshold can still be used effectively given the current market demand and the product's capacity. 2023, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved.
Thasan S.; Rahman A.; Subramanian P.; Williams M.J.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, Vol-11, No. 4s, pp. 345-356.
Thasan S., Faculty Of Business and Accounting, Linton University College, Malaysia; Rahman A., Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Malaysia; Subramanian P., School of Business Management, Christ University, Lavasa, Pune, India; Williams M.J., Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, India
Perceived Discrimination and Happiness Among Tribal Unmarried Mothers
Economic situations; Happiness; Perceived discrimination; Socio-demographic factors
The present study aimed to understand the relationship between perceived discrimination and happiness among tribal unmarried mothers. The sample included 30 tribal unmarried mothers from the Wayanad district in Kerala, India. Data were collected using a socio-demographic response sheet, Oxford happiness questionnaire (Short form), and everyday discrimination scale. MannWhitney U test showed that tribal unmarried mothers did not differ in happiness concerning their income, education, putative father from the same tribe or not, and living status. Compared to those with higher income, mothers with lower income were higher in perceived discrimination. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between perceived discrimination and happiness. Regression analysis confirmed that perceived discrimination is a negative predictor of happiness. 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India.
Psychological Studies, Vol-67, No. 3, pp. 332-339.
Thasleema A., Amma Multispecialty Clinic, Kerala, Cherpulassery, Palakkad, 679503, India; Rajan S.K., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
Valorization of bovine tannery fleshing waste as a fish meal replacer: a conceivable green approach
Bovine tannery fleshing waste; Fermentation; Fish meal replacer; Resource recovery; Solid waste management
The study intended to utilize bovine tannery fleshing (BTF) a significant contributor of solid wastes in leather industries, in its unhydrolyzed form (raw fleshing flour [RFF]) as well as in fermented form (fermented fleshing flour [FFF]) as fish meal (FM) replacer in formulated aqua feeds. In line with this, experimental diets were formulated, characterized, and evaluated for their virtue. Improvement in the physical quality of diets was achieved with FFF incorporation, enabling better pelletability, palatability, and feed texture. As the formulated diets were of sinking type, feeding trials on column as well as bottom feeders were concertedly attempted, as a value-added application of proteinaceous feed ingredient (BTF) in aquaculture sector. FFF inclusion diets proved superior to RFF inclusion diets. Maximum protein and lipid retentions of 89% and 92% were evidenced. Fish feeding experiments disclosed the productive impact of substituting FM with FFF by 50 and 75% on the performance (fish growth) of Cirrhinus mrigala (19.03 cm final length, 112.89 g Kg-1 final body weight, and 99% survival rate) and Labeo rohita (22.19 cm final length, 214.99 g Kg-1 final body weight, and 97% survival rate) respectively, with enhanced muscle biochemical compositions. FFF inclusion diets best suited column feeders than bottom feeders, with acceptable feed conversion ratio (< 2) and about 65% and 69% of protein in Rohu and Mrigal, respectively after 90 days of feeding. Absence of feed related mortality and multimycotoxins in FFF inclusion diets authenticated its invulnerable nature, signifying the need of bacterial fermentation processes to pull out the maximum worth of the solid waste. Thus, bovine tannery fleshing (BTF) would probably be used as a relatively inexpensive, effectual, safe, and an absolute source of protein for marine animals, reinforcing aquaculture business to strengthen up its profitability and eventually; this is an assuring conscientious solid waste management strategy that could be scaled-up to develop high-quality aquaculture feeds. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Thazeem B., Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, 678592, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Biotransformation of bovine tannery fleshing into utilizable product with multifunctionalities
Amino acids; Delimed bovine tannery fleshing; fermented fleshing flour; lactic acid; Lactobacillus plantarum; protein hydrolysates
Leather industries aim at the transformation of putrescible animal raw hides and skins into a stable non-putrescible material (leather), ultimately resulting in solid wastes generation. Storage of limed bovine fleshing, a predominant proteinaceous solid waste material from pre-tanning processes is highly discouraged due to their putrescible nature. Diversely, bio-conversion of solid waste into a saleable product could be achieved by bacterial fermentation process. Lactic acid (LA) fermentation with Delimed Bovine Tannery Fleshing (DBTF) by Lactobacillus plantarum was experimented; incubation time, tapioca flour and lactose were the three prime independent variables studied. Maximum LA production in steam cooked DBTF medium was achieved with pH 6; inoculum 12.5% (v/w); lactose 8.81% (w/w) and tapioca flour 8.9% (w/w) at 96 hours of fermentation. Initial yield of about 4.56 g/L of LA (p <.05), upon statistical manipulation of the medium composition marked up to 12.36 g/L, enabling 2.7-fold increase in the LA production with DBTF as a relatively cut-rate substrate. Fermentation resulted in Fermented Fleshing Flour (FFF) with marked protein level of 76.32% and lower fibre content. Formation of protein hydrolysates and new acid groups in FFF were authenticated via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses respectively. In situ acid (LA) generation and formation of protein hydrolysates/free amino acids during LA fermentation points to the antibacterial (against Gram-negative bacteria, followed by Gram-positive bacteria) and invitro antioxidative properties with dose dependency, of FFF, favouring its possible utilization in aqua feed industries as a superior grade proteinaceous feed ingredient with inbuilt bio-functionalities.. 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Thazeem B.; Umesh M.; Mani V.M.; Beryl G.P.; Preethi K.
Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Vol-39, No. 2, pp. 81-99.
Thazeem B., Vellalar Institutions (Maruthi Nagar Campus), Thindal, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Mani V.M., Department of Biotechnology, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India; Beryl G.P., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India; Preethi K., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
Developments in Feeds in Aquaculture Sector: Contemporary Aspects
Aqua feed; Biopolymers; Cellulose; Chitosan; Enzymes; Fish meal; Immunostimulants; Keratin; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Probiotics; Single-cell protein
Aquaculture, one of the largest protein food generating sectors, greatly relies on nutrition. Up to the present time, the dependency of the aqua feed sector on fish meal and fish oil as protein and lipid sources, respectively, was too high, which led to its inadequacy and over-exploitation of marine resources. Recently, numerous researches with locally available feed ingredients have been accomplished. There is urgency for a move from fish meal to plant/terrestrial animal/microbial proteins within the aquaculture industry as over-exploitation of wild fishes has negative ecological consequences. Plant proteins cannot successfully replace fish meal due to poor protein digestibility and essential amino acids imbalance, urging feed concerns to search for cheaper and nutritious fish meal alternatives from animal origin. In order to overcome the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs, the concept of probiotics in aquaculture has received firm encouragement in recent years due to their wise inhibitory mechanisms and safeness. Negative perception for synthetic antioxidants among fish farmers and their unreliable nature has resulted in the research for non-synthetic, food derived antioxidants that could encounter and neutralize the detrimental effects of free radicals. In line with this, there is a strong captivation to research on the individual or synergistic effects of protein hydrolysates, peptide fragments, and free amino acids that could innately exhibit antioxidative activity. Commercialization of economical feeds with antioxidative feed ingredients could strengthen the profits of feed processors. Recent development in the aquaculture sector propelled by the application of biotechnological methods has clearly highlighted the need for development of functional feeds through incorporation of bioactive molecules. In the last few decades, the global aqua feed industry has witnessed milestones in the development of feed ingredients from waste raw materials and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics and chemicals used to tackle the disease outbreak in aquaculture. As the health and immunity of fishes primarily depend on their nutritional pattern, a great research interest is extended on incorporation of biomolecules like single-cell proteins, animal proteins, plant metabolites, biopolymers, and enzymes as feed ingredients to enhance the nutritive quality and immune tolerance in fishes. Besides the focus on the feed ingredients, the modification and development of fermentation strategies for producing probioticbased feed and enzyme-assisted bioconversion into valuable feed ingredients is also gaining more importance. This chapter deals with the recent development in the aqua feed industry with specific reference to the incorporation of non-conventional feed ingredients like animal/microbial proteins, biopolymers, enzymes, and other immunostimulatory compounds in aqua feed and their impact analysis in improving the growth profile and pathogen tolerance in fishes. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Thazeem B.; Umesh M.; Sarojini S.; Allwyn Vyas G.; Adhithya Sankar S.; Sapthami K.; Suresh S.; Stanly L.M.
Aquaculture Science and Engineering, pp. 35-78.
Thazeem B., Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India; Umesh M., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sarojini S., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Allwyn Vyas G., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Adhithya Sankar S., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sapthami K., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Suresh S., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Stanly L.M., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
The study intended to utilize bovine tannery fleshing (BTF) a significant contributor of solid wastes in leather industries, in its unhydrolyzed form (raw fleshing flour [RFF]) as well as in fermented form (fermented fleshing flour [FFF]) as fish meal (FM) replacer in formulated aqua feeds. In line with this, experimental diets were formulated, characterized, and evaluated for their virtue. Improvement in the physical quality of diets was achieved with FFF incorporation, enabling better pelletability, palatability, and feed texture. As the formulated diets were of sinking type, feeding trials on column as well as bottom feeders were concertedly attempted, as a value-added application of proteinaceous feed ingredient (BTF) in aquaculture sector. FFF inclusion diets proved superior to RFF inclusion diets. Maximum protein and lipid retentions of 89% and 92% were evidenced. Fish feeding experiments disclosed the productive impact of substituting FM with FFF by 50 and 75% on the performance (fish growth) of Cirrhinus mrigala (19.03 cm final length, 112.89 g Kg-1 final body weight, and 99% survival rate) and Labeo rohita (22.19 cm final length, 214.99 g Kg-1 final body weight, and 97% survival rate) respectively, with enhanced muscle biochemical compositions. FFF inclusion diets best suited column feeders than bottom feeders, with acceptable feed conversion ratio (< 2) and about 65% and 69% of protein in Rohu and Mrigal, respectively after 90 days of feeding. Absence of feed related mortality and multimycotoxins in FFF inclusion diets authenticated its invulnerable nature, signifying the need of bacterial fermentation processes to pull out the maximum worth of the solid waste. Thus, bovine tannery fleshing (BTF) would probably be used as a relatively inexpensive, effectual, safe, and an absolute source of protein for marine animals, reinforcing aquaculture business to strengthen up its profitability and eventually; this is an assuring conscientious solid waste management strategy that could be scaled-up to develop high-quality aquaculture feeds. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery;Volume;15;Issue;15;pp.22437-22457
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05033-8 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85175620400?origin=resultslist
Recent Trends in Composting of Food Waste
Composting; Enzymes; Food waste; Humus; Key elements; Microorganisms
Accumulation of food waste materials, contaminated water, and air is an inevitable end result of the rapid expansion of cities across the world. Resource overconsumption remains never-ending, deteriorating the environment and society. Conventional food waste management practices, such as landfills, dumping, and incineration, are proven to be problematic in terms of inhabitants health risks and environmental contamination. Food waste management with a zero-waste approach is given the utmost priority in the present-day scenario and has become a significant part of our routine life. The avoidance and reduction of food waste are very important parts of waste management, as they have a huge impact on our lives and the environment. The conceivable solution is to valorize the food waste into a usable secondary raw material for its utilization in other industries. Composting is a systematic biological process, recognized as a cost-effective method for food waste management. It generates nutrient-rich manure for plant growth and development. This has offered opportunities for organic wastes, especially food waste, as nutrient sources for agriculture. Though traditional agricultural practices with inorganic fertilizers have helped in gaining high yields of crops, their aftereffects on soil have been dismissive. This has opened up a congenial platform for the use of organic manures like compost and vermicompost, due to their positive effects of enhancing soil quality over inorganic fertilizers. Microbial processes are gaining massive significance due to their realistic and eco-friendly nature, resulting in the recovery of biomolecules from food wastes and fermentation end products, ensuring zero waste. Composting strategies that can act on prominent food wastes such as vegetable market waste, fruit waste, slaughterhouse waste, chicken and fish waste, canteen/hotel waste, and house/residential waste will play a promising role in the recovery of sustainable resources. Finding new ways of reducing food waste disposal problems is a topic that must be of the greatest importance for every government, business, and individual. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Thazeem, Basheer; Umesh, Mridul; Kavana Somaiah, C.; Shaiby, Meghana; Antony, Rincy; Stanly, Liya Merin; Kalaiarasi, Giriraj
Resource Recycling and Management of Food Waste;pp.89-109
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86688-3_5 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022351535?origin=resultslist
Thazeem B., Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kavana Somaiah C., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Shaiby M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Antony R., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Stanly L.M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kalaiarasi G., Department of Chemistry and Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
Reconstruction of sparse-view tomography via preconditioned Radon sensing matrix
Compressive sensing; Computed tomography; Preconditioning; Radon transform; Sparse approximation; TVAL3
Computed Tomography (CT) is one of the significant research areas in the field of medical image analysis. As X-rays used in CT image reconstruction are harmful to the human body, it is necessary to reduce the X-ray dosage while also maintaining good quality of CT images. Since medical images have a natural sparsity, one can directly employ compressive sensing (CS) techniques to reconstruct the CT images. In CS, sensing matrices having low coherence (a measure providing correlation among columns) provide better image reconstruction. However, the sensing matrix constructed through the incomplete angular set of Radon projections typically possesses large coherence. In this paper, we attempt to reduce the coherence of the sensing matrix via a square and invertible preconditioner possessing a small condition number, which is obtained through a convex optimization technique. The stated properties of our preconditioner imply that it can be used effectively even in noisy cases. We demonstrate empirically that the preconditioned sensing matrix yields better signal recovery than the original sensing matrix. 2018, Korean Society for Computational and Applied Mathematics.
Theeda P.; Kumar P.U.P.; Sastry C.S.; Jampana P.V.
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, Vol-59, No. 45689, pp. 285-303.
Theeda P., Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India; Kumar P.U.P., Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India, Department of Computer Science, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India; Sastry C.S., Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India; Jampana P.V., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
Numerical study of thermal performance in a circular pipe using angle plate inserts directed in horizontal and vertical directions
Angle plate inserts; Backward/forward arrangements; Friction factor; Nusselt number; Thermo-hydraulic performance
A novel type of angle plate inserts (APIs) was designed to improve the convection heat transfer in a circular pipe. In the present work characteristics of heat transfer, flow resistance, and overall thermo-hydraulic performance of turbulent airflow in a circular tube fitted with APIs were investigated at the Reynolds numbers range of 6000-18000 through numerical simulation. Our main attention was paid to the effects of the APIs with forward or backward arrangements, and the angle plates with various inclined angles (? = 30, 45 and 60) inserted in the circular tube for a constant pitch of 0.03 m. The results show that the Nusselt number is augmented by 2.39-4.63 times (Nu = 124.25-239.76) as that of the smooth tube. The value of performance index (PI) lies in the range of 1.34-1.63, which demonstrates that the angle plate insert has a very good overall thermo-hydraulic performance. The numerical results obtained were compared with those from plain tubes of published data and empirical relations. The maximum increases in Nusselt number for the inclined forward angle plate insert were 1.34 to 1.5 times and, while those for the backward angle plate insert were 1.46 to 1.63 over the plain tube, respectively. The friction factor ( f ) resulted in an increase of 4.28-23.12 times in case of forward arrangement and 8.09-31.76 times in case of backward arrangement. In addition, the use of the angle plate insert strip with backward arrangement leads to better overall enhancement ratio than that with forwarding arrangement around 8% to 9%. 2018 Pushpa Publishing House, Allahabad, India.
Thejaraju R.; Bedi R.; Joseph S.P.; Paul E.
JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol-15, No. 4, pp. 791-811.
https://doi.org/10.17654/HM015040791 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063280200&doi=10.17654%2fHM015040791&partnerID=40&md5=7feea9a1ff3b2be1fb8476ea835299f8
Thejaraju R., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Christ University, Kumbalgodu P.O., Mysore Road, Bengaluru, 560 074, Karnataka, India; Bedi R., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Christ University, Kumbalgodu P.O., Mysore Road, Bengaluru, 560 074, Karnataka, India; Joseph S.P., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Christ University, Kumbalgodu P.O., Mysore Road, Bengaluru, 560 074, Karnataka, India; Paul E., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Christ University, Kumbalgodu P.O., Mysore Road, Bengaluru, 560 074, Karnataka, India