Study of multilayer flow of two immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous dissipation
Numerical simulations for the mixed convective multilayer flow of two different immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous heating effects were performed in this study. The left and right faces of the duct are maintained to be isothermal, while other side faces are insulated. The mathematical governing system for each layer consists of an incompressibility condition equation, the Navier-Stokes momentum equation, and the conservation of energy equation. At the interface of the immiscible layer, the continuity of velocity, shear stress, temperature, and heat flux are considered. The dimensionless equations governing each layer were numerically integrated using the finite difference method and the Southwell-over-relaxation method. A mesh independence test is conducted. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to analyze how the different nanoparticle volume fractions and viscous heating affect the transport characteristics of engine oil-copper and mineral oil-silver nanofluids. The study also examined the effects of various types of nanoparticles and base fluids. The results demonstrated that heat transport could be efficiently controlled by considering the viscous heating aspect. Moreover, the effects of different nanoparticles on heat transport were found to be more significant than those of base fluids. Finally, a point-wise comparison of our numerical results demonstrates a good agreement with existing studies in the literature. 2023 Author(s).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0162094 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173457155&doi=10.1063%2f5.0162094&partnerID=40&md5=fdddb970cbab2e5ba51967b48f321b85
Umavathi J.C., Department of Mathematics, Gulbarga University, Karnataka, Gulbarga, 585106, India; Basavarajappa M., School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, 78539, TX, United States, Center for Mathematical Needs, Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Banglore, 560029, India
Unsteady squeezing flow of a magnetized nano-lubricant between parallel disks with Robin boundary conditions
Brownian motion; convective heating; Nanofluid; nanoparticles; parallel disks; Robin (mixed) boundary conditions; smart nano-lubrication; squeezing flow; thermophoresis
The aim of the present work is to examine the impact of magnetized nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancement of heat transport in a tribological system subjected to convective type heating (Robin) boundary conditions. The regime examined comprises the squeezing transition of a magnetic (smart) Newtonian nano-lubricant between two analogous disks under an axial magnetism. The lower disk is permeable whereas the upper disk is solid. The mechanisms of haphazard motion of NPs and thermophoresis are simulated. The non-dimensional problem is solved numerically using a finite difference method in the MATLAB bvp4c solver based on Lobotto quadrature, to scrutinize the significance of thermophoresis parameter, squeezing number, Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and Brownian motion parameter on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, Nusselt number, factor of friction, and Sherwood number distributions. The obtained results for the friction factor are validated against previously published results. It is found that friction factor at the disk increases with intensity in applied magnetic field. The haphazard (Brownian) motion of nanoparticles causes an enhancement in thermal field. Suction and injection are found to induce different effects on transport characteristics depending on the specification of equal or unequal Biot numbers at the disks. The main quantitative outcome is that, unequal Biot numbers produce significant cooling of the regime for both cases of disk suction or injection, indicating that Robin boundary conditions yield substantial deviation from conventional thermal boundary conditions. Higher thermophoretic parameter also elevates temperatures in the regime. The nanoparticles concentration at the disk is boosted with higher values of Brownian motion parameter. The response of temperature is similar in both suction and injection cases; however, this tendency is quite opposite for nanoparticle concentrations. In the core zone, the resistive magnetic body force dominates and this manifests in a significant reduction in velocity, that is damping. The heat build-up in squeeze films (which can lead to corrosion and degradation of surfaces) can be successfully removed with magnetic nanoparticles leading to prolonged serviceability of lubrication systems and the need for less maintenance. IMechE 2021.
Umavathi J.C.; Patil S.L.; Mahanthesh B.; B O.A.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems, Vol-235, No. 45750, pp. 67-81.
Umavathi J.C., Department of Mathematics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India; Patil S.L., Department of Mathematics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India; Mahanthesh B., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; B O.A., School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
Waste Management for Waste Entrepreneurship: An Emerging Concept
Challenges; Circular economy; Entrepreneurs; Opportunities; Waste management
Since the very beginning of civilization, waste has always been an incessant problem and their management remains burdensome till date, as the rate of waste generation is increasing with the increase in population, land use and development of economy. Waste is generally considered as an unavoidable trash/nuisance with zero value and concerns which can be overruled by the waste management system. It is a well-organized holistic expensive process that includes segregation at sources, on-time collection, transportation, reuse, recycle, reprocess and disposal of the leftover materials into the landfills, which usually receives inadequate attention as public get easily acclimatized to live along with the generated wastes. Managing waste in an environmentally favorable, culturally acceptable and techno-economically feasible manner is a need in recent times. Society is in a need to think of ways to minimize and utilize waste for other uses. Understanding waste management in terms of its challenges involves knowledge dissemination to the public, waste prevention, valorization, responsible material production and packaging, maximum recycling, conservation of resources, enhancement of sustainability and reduction of greenhouse gasses. Opportunities in waste management could be achieved by exercising circular economy practices which reinforce environmental, societal and economic benefits. Role of entrepreneurs in the waste management system encompasses a cluster of skilled as well as unskilled workers, as it is a labor-intensive system. Entrepreneurs may invest money as well as infuse novel skills and technologies to transform trash into treasures. The efficacy and significance of waste management will eventually increase with the active participation of entrepreneurs. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Umesh M.; Basheer T.; Sarojini S.; Santhosh A.S.; Suresh S.; James N.
Trash Or Treasure: Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Waste Management, pp. 231-253.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Basheer T., Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India; Sarojini S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; James N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Eggshells biowaste for hydroxyapatite green synthesis using extract piper betel leaf - Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity
Antibacterial property; Antibiofilm activity; HAp composites; Hydroxyapatite; Piper betel leaf
The present research work reports the biosynthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from eggshells and green synthesis of HAp from eggshells with incorporation of Piper betel leaf extract (PBL-HAp) using microwave conversion method. Although there are several works on synthesis of HAp from eggshells and other calcium and phosphorus rich substrates, the incorporation of herbal extract with HAp to promote antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity is less explored and reported. This research work highlights a simple and cost-effective method for development of antimicrobial biomaterials by combining the concepts of waste management, biomaterial science, and herbal medicine. In the present study, characterization of synthesized HAp was applied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the prepared HAp and PBL-HAp were pure b-type carbonated HAp. The PBL-HAp was checked for its antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method and biofilm inhibitory activity by crystal violet assay against some common pathogens. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and biofilm inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus of Piper betel leaf extract coated HAp (PBL-HAp) were showed to be significant and offered a promising role for the development of potent dental biomaterials. 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Umesh M.; Choudhury D.D.; Shanmugam S.; Ganesan S.; Alsehli M.; Elfasakhany A.; Pugazhendhi A.
ISSN: 139351; PubMed ID: 34129868; CODEN: ENVRA
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111493 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107980241&doi=10.1016%2fj.envres.2021.111493&partnerID=40&md5=04efa0256aacc537bc5a4ecf6b4d45f5
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Choudhury D.D., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Shanmugam S., Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India; Ganesan S., Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Alsehli M., Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Elfasakhany A., Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Pugazhendhi A., School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
Microbial Fuel Cells: The Microbial Route for Bioelectricity
Bioelectricity; Electrodes; Energy; Membranes; Microbial fuel cells
The quest for sustainable energy sources serves as the essential pillar for development of humans since the dawn of civilization. The alarming increase in demand of energy, especially electricity propelled the need to screen for alternative sources of energy over the conventional fossil based non-renewable counterparts. Electricity generation through microbial route functions by the fundamental phenomena of electron transport chain and the microbes operate as the source of energy production utilizing the substrate. Since its initiation, microbial fuel cell has gained a lot of research focus from all over the world. The integration of waste treatment with power generation was highlighted as the most productive and sustainable part of microbial fuel cells. Over the past few decades, a lot of research and development was done on improving the design of fuel cells, searching for cost-effective electrodes and membranes for commercialization. Despite tremendous research done on this domain, its commercialization still faces a lot of hurdles especially once it comes to the overall maintenance and production cost. This chapter summarizes the basic architecture of different microbial fuel cells and the challenges that need to be addressed for making microbial fuel cells a sustainable route for the bioelectricity generation from microorganisms. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Bioelectrochemical Systems: Vol.2 Current and Emerging Applications, Vol-2, pp. 375-398.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Hamza H.M.C., Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
Fish waste valorisation through production of biodiesel and biopolymers for sustainable development: A mini review
Biofuel; Biopolymer; Remediation; Renewable sources; Sustainability; Sustainable development
Fish processing waste accounts for one of the major classes of food waste generated worldwide in terms of the high volume of waste generated. The presence of high amounts of organic compounds (proteins: 1530 %, lipids: 520 %) in fish waste makes them highly susceptible to autolysis which when not managed properly pose adverse effects on the environment like production of offensive odor, generation of hydrogen sulfide, higher biological oxygen demand (1000 mg/L to 12,000 mg/L or even higher) (BOD), and multiplication of pathogenic bacteria. Fish waste is rich in lipids and polysaccharides that can be channelized for biodiesel and biopolymer production respectively. Biodiesel refers to the biofuel produced from transesterification of plant and animal fats. Extraction of oils from fish waste followed by transesterification reactions can yield biodiesel through a biorefinery approach. Biorefinery concept emphasizes the conversion of biomass into commercially important byproducts. Biopolymers refers to the natural polymers that can be extracted from the natural sources or produced through microbial fermentation process. Furthermore, commercially important biopolymers like chitosan and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be used as biorefineries. This review work presents the sequential strategies for conversion of fish waste to biodiesel, PHA and chitosan through various physicochemical and biological methods. The review also presents the existing challenges and the future in the fish waste biorefinery concept. The scope of this review is to present a broader concept of integrating fish waste biorefinery for production of multiple value added products like biodiesel and biopolymers. 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Umesh M.; Kumar V.; Priyanka K.; Kathirvel P.; Suresh S.; Santhosh A.S.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102045 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215840797&doi=10.1016%2fj.biteb.2025.102045&partnerID=40&md5=d67e056a26a1dc512b0842592323a572
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kumar V., Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India; Priyanka K., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Kathirvel P., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Fruit Waste as Sustainable Resources for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production
Biodegradability; Biopolymers; Downstream processing; Fruit waste; Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) using commercially available carbon sources like glucose or sucrose makes the bioprocess economically nonviable, thereby hindering its commercialization. As an alternative to this issue, inexpensive and easily available agro-industrial wastes are now being exploited as feedstock for PHA production. Fruit wastes are generally discarded as they are considered to be the non-product leftovers which do not have any economic value when compared with the cost of their collection and recovery steps for reuse. But through the use of appropriate technological applications, these wastes can be converted to valuable by-products, which can increase the value of the products much higher than the cost associated with recovery steps. By recycling and reprocessing the fruit wastes, they can be channeled into many applications, and thereby the amount of fruit wastes discharged into the environment can be completely reduced along with their detrimental effects. Large amounts of fruit wastes are produced by fruit-based industries. The waste products can be both solids and liquids, and these wastes are of high nutritional and biomass values for microorganism; thus their addition to waterbodies can make them highly polluted (high BOD or COD). These fruit-based wastes still have a promising potential for bioconversion into products of commercial importance or can be successfully exploited as cheap raw materials for industrial production of commercially important metabolites. This chapter deals with the strategies for production of PHA from fruit waste substrates, extraction and characterization of PHA, and their applications in diverse sectors. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Bioplastics for Sustainable Development, pp. 205-229.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Sankar S.A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Thazeem B., Vellalar Institutions (Maruthi Nagar Campus), Tamilnadu, Erode, India
Extraction, characterization, and fabrication of cellulose biopolymer sheets from Pistia stratiotes as a biodegradative coating material: an unique strategy for the conversion of invasive weeds into value-added products
Alkali treatment; Biodegradation; Biopolymer coating; Cellulose; Water lettuce
This study explores the possibility of using Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) as a cost-effective substrate for the commercial extraction of cellulose biopolymer using a wide variety of physicochemical treatment methods to compare their efficiency in cellulose extraction. The extraction of cellulose from water lettuce, although promising due to their high cellulose content, was less explored as per the available literature. In this study, functional properties like bulk density-packed density, hydrated density, water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity and setting volume of the extracted cellulose were studied. The cellulose content from water lettuce was found to be 38.94 0.10% by anthrone method. Preliminary confirmation of cellulose biopolymer was done using the study of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Further characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to understand the molecular architecture and purity of the cellulose extracted. Fabrication of cellulose sheets was carried out using starch as the plasticizer. Biodegradation studies were conducted in garden soil for four weeks and a high degradation rate of 78.22 0.71% was observed in the fourth week of soil burial. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Umesh M.; Santhosh A.S.; Shanmugam S.; Thazeem B.; Alharbi S.A.; Almoallim H.S.; Chi N.T.L.; Pugazhendhi A.
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol-30, No. 12, pp. 5057-5068.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Shanmugam S., Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; Thazeem B., Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India; Alharbi S.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box - 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Almoallim H.S., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia; Chi N.T.L., School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Pugazhendhi A., Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Sustainable Biodegradable and Bio-based Materials
The quest for sustainable biodegradable and bio-based materials is ever increasing due to their versatile properties and also their ability to serve as potential alternatives to their synthetic counterparts. The major types of bio-based materials of commercial importance can be derived majorly from plant, animal, and microbial sources through physical, chemical, or biological extraction methods. Despite their potential applications, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these bio-based polymers still face hurdles in competing with conventional plastics. The major factors contributing to this involve the production and extraction cost. In recent years, the integration of waste valorization with biopolymer production and the development of eco-friendly green extraction protocols with minimum usage of chemicals were visualized as efficient strategies for the sustainable production of biopolymers. This study summarizes the important biodegradable and bio-based materials of commercial importance along with their production methods and application in diverse sectors. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Ajay, Parveen, Sharif Ahmad, Jyotsna Sharma, Victor Gambhir.
Umesh M.; Sarojini S.; Basheer T.; Suresh S.; Santhosh A.S.; Stanly L.M.; Grigary S.; James N.
Handbook of Sustainable Materials: Modelling, Characterization, and Optimization, pp. 71-92.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sarojini S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Basheer T., Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre, Kerala, Palakkad, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Stanly L.M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Grigary S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; James N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Progress in bio-based biodegradable polymer as the effective replacement for the engineering applicators
Biocomposites; Biomass; Biopolymers; Cellulose; Polyhyroxyalkanoates
The development of biopolymers has significantly touched each and every sphere of human life due to their eco friendliness and biodegradability. In recent decades, the production of biopolymers gained profound attention due to the serious environmental concerns and threat to the non-renewable resources. The increased use of synthetic plastic in biomedical and engineering applications stays as a major threat to environment when these xenobiotics enter the food chain and soil upon their careless discharge after use. The significant material properties of plastic has made it as an inevitable part in our day to day life, but the concern over the environment directs the research focus on searching and developing biopolymers and bio composites as sustainable alternatives for their synthetic counterparts. Biopolymers of commercial interest can be majorly produced intracellularly by microbes or can be extracted through chemical or biological methods from plant and animal based substrates. The potential candidates with high market value with specific reference to biomedical engineering and tissue engineering include as polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, chitosan and chitin, hydroxyapatite, and pectin. Despite of having high degree of biocompatibility, the major hurdle that retracts their widespread use commercially is attributed to the cost of production. This can be tackled out by exploiting cheap raw materials like agro waste as substrate and by employing green approaches over solvent based conventional extraction methods. The reduction in the material properties of purified biopolymers restricts their widespread application especially in the fabrication of thermoplastic blends. This can be resolved by production of bio composites with improved properties than their parent biopolymers. The current review focuses on the recent developments in biopolymer science especially with regard to its application in engineering majorly biomedical and tissue engineering. This study throws light on the biosynthetic pathways, extraction methods and applications of commercially important biopolymers. Furthermore, the challenges, limitations, and future prospects in the production and commercialization of biopolymers is briefly discussed in this review. 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Umesh M.; Shanmugam S.; Kikas T.; Lan Chi N.T.; Pugazhendhi A.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132267 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131037628&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2022.132267&partnerID=40&md5=2924590f9761f7bc0eb5d61882d14cc2
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Shanmugam S., Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; Kikas T., Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; Lan Chi N.T., School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Pugazhendhi A., Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Valorization of pineapple peel waste for fungal pigment production using Talaromyces albobiverticillius: Insights into antibacterial, antioxidant and textile dyeing properties
Antioxidant; Fungal pigment; Pineapple peel; Talaromyces sp.; Textile dye
The present study explores natural pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes. Due to their therapeutic applications and easy production, fungal pigments have gained attention. However, data on pigment production using solid-state fermentation and optimization is limited. Milk whey was used to grow Talaromyces sp., followed by an evaluation of pigment production in solid and liquid media. Pineapple peels were used as a cost-effective substrate for pigment production, and a one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to enhance pigment production. Pineapple peel-based media produced 0.523 0.231 mg/g of pigment after eight days of incubation. The crude pigment had promising antibacterial and significant antioxidant properties. The extraction fungal pigment's possible use as an eco-friendly textile dye was assessed through fabric dyeing experiments with different mordants. This work contributes to the valorization of agricultural waste and provides insight into using fungal pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes. 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Umesh M.; Suresh S.; Santosh A.S.; Prasad S.; Chinnathambi A.; Al Obaid S.; Jhanani G.K.; Shanmugam S.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115973 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153367865&doi=10.1016%2fj.envres.2023.115973&partnerID=40&md5=2a9510aa534d195745cccf275d68d195
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Santosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Prasad S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Chinnathambi A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Al Obaid S., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Jhanani G.K., University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India; Shanmugam S., Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
A sustainable approach for fish waste valorization through polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus megaterium NCDC0679 and its optimization studies
Bacillus megaterium; BoxBehnken design; Fish scale hydrolysate; PHA; PlackettBurman design; Response surface methodology
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as the only class of truly biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Although extensive research has been carried out in producing them from a wide variety of organisms, their commercialization still faces hurdles majorly associated with the cost of production media. This research work exploits the use of discarded fish scale waste as a major media component for biopolymer production. The major novelty of the research work is the utilization of a Bacillus megaterium NCDC0679 for PHA production using fish scale waste that is not reported previously. Furthermore, a sequential and systematic statistical optimization strategy employing response surface methodology was used to trace out the level of the most significant variables and their interaction effects on PHA production add to the significant novelty of this work. The significance of the model developed was determined from the p values of ANOVA. Under optimized levels of glucose (50g/L), NaCl (0.125g/L), and fish scale hydrolysate concentration (62.5% v/v), maximum PHA yield of 6.33g/L was achieved in the shake flask culture system. This was found to be 5.50-fold higher than the unoptimized medium. The ANOVA results established the significance of the model (p < 0.05). The extracted polymer was characterized through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thus, the present investigation suggests an innovative method for valorization of fish scale waste for commercial production of PHA. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Umesh M.; Suresh S.; Sarojini S.; Santosh A.S.
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sarojini S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Santosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Biodegradation studies of polyhydroxyalkanoates extracted from Bacillus subtilis NCDC 0671
Biodegradation; Biopolymers; Phytotoxicity; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Synthetic plastics
The major characteristic feature that distinguishes polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from its synthetic counterparts is its biodegradability. PHAs are the only class of biopolymers reported to be 100% degradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions without production of any toxic residues. The biodegradability of PHAs is influenced by several factors like moisture, temperature, pH, surface area and molecular weight of the polymer. The rate of biodegradation varies greatly depending on the environment. Biodegradation studies were carried out using plating method and direct inoculation method using selected Bacillus strains. Fungal degradation of PHA sheets was assessed using Penicillium chrysogenum. Biodegradation of PHA sheets in different soil types like river valley, agricultural land and garden soil was investigated. The degree of PHA degradation in aqueous environment was studied by incubating the sheets in distilled water, sea water, fish tank water and pond water. The highest degradation rate was observed with agriculture land soil (35.47 0.13%) and fish tank soil (36.93 0.13%). The non-toxic nature of the soil incubated with PHA sheets was ensured using plant growth test. 2019, World Research Association. All rights reserved.
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol-23, No. 6, pp. 107-114.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India; Thazeem B., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
Valorization of pineapple peels through single cell protein production using saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364
Amino acid profiling; Pineapple peels; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Single cell protein
Background and objective: Pineapple peels contain significant quantities of carbohydrates, which can be used as cheap raw materials for production of commercially important products through fermentation. The aim of this study was to use this feed stock for the cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364 and its use as single cell protein. Material and methods: The single cell protein was produced using discarded pineapple peels and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364. Optimization of bioprocess variables (temperature, pH, incubation period, carbon source and nitrogen source) affecting single cell protein production was carried out using classical "one factor at a time" approach. The harvested cells from optimized media were screened for amino acid content using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Results and conclusion: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364 produced maximum single cell protein in pineapple peel based media, compared to non-optimized media. The "one factor at a time" approach showed that the maximum biomass production was achieved at optimized levels of temperature of 25C, pH of 5, incubation period of 120 h, carbon source of 1% sucrose and nitrogen source of 0.5% beef extract. The amino acid profiling of the harvested biomass using high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that tryptophan included a comparatively higher concentration of 6.52%, followed by threonine (3.25%). Results of this study suggest that easily available raw materials such as fruit peels offer cost-effective substrates for production of commercially important microbial proteins for alarming global issues linked to protein malnutrition. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 2019 National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute.
Applied Food Biotechnology, Vol-6, No. 4, pp. 255-263.
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India; Thazeem B., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India; Preethi K., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
Universal Electrical Motor Acoustic Noise Reduction based on Rotor Surface Modification
Acoustic noise; Decibels; Electromagnetic flux; Electromagnetic noise; Flux density; Torque
Electromagnetic noise is referred to the audible sound which is produced by materials vibrating due to electromagnetic force. In the present day circumstances, a greater attention is being given to the electromagnetic acoustic noise produced by electrical machines. It is found to annoy human beings and other living organisms due to its tonal sound. The current work aims at designing a rotor for a universal motor with the objective to decrease the acoustic noise by minimization of forced density harmonics. The design consists of some irregularities in the rotor surface to decrease the acoustic noise by internally modifying the air gap permeance. Simulation shall be carried out based on FEM. A lot of research is being carried out on the methods of reducing the noise from electrical machines. The results of the current work significantly help in reducing a lot of noise pollution. The change in the rotor surface will reduce the electromagnetic acoustic noise from the electrical machine. It will also affect the torque parameters positively as studied from earlier research work. 2019 IEEE.
Umesh V.; Mishra S.; Simon S.; Singh A.K.; Moses P.
2019 International Conference on Data Science and Communication, IconDSC 2019
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IconDSC.2019.8817005 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072765159&doi=10.1109%2fIconDSC.2019.8817005&partnerID=40&md5=9593063a48e7fc8ec54da283160eb648
Umesh V., Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560074, India; Mishra S., Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560074, India; Simon S., Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560074, India; Singh A.K., Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560074, India; Moses P., Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560074, India
Biofuels; Biopolymer; Enzymes; Fermentation; Food waste; Organic acid; Single-cell protein
Food waste (FW) generation and disposal is an unavoidable part of the day-to-day life of every human being. Irrespective of the geographical area, the problems associated with food waste and its valorisation pose a great threat to all countries. Taking into consideration the nutritive value of the discarded food, there are several strategies developed for its effective valorisation rather than careless discharge that may lead to several environmental hazards. The concept of food-based biorefineries for the development of value-added products has gained much momentum in recent decades. Food waste based on its composition can be utilised for producing a variety of products through fermentation approach. The major products of fermentation of food waste include industrially important enzymes, biopolymers, biofuels, single-cell proteins (SCPs) and organic acids. Each of these products has very high commercial value and a diverse scope for applications. As the modern world goes through the principles of sustainable development and a closed-loop system ensuring zero wastage, the fermentation of food waste for product development can prove worthwhile in solving the issues associated with food waste generation and disposal. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Umesh, Mridul; Dabral, Kaustubh; Bhatnagar, Manas; Sarkar, Rhitayu; Banerjee, Shaonli; Santhosh, Adhithya Sankar; Suresh, Sreehari
Resource Recycling and Management of Food Waste;pp.185-216
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86688-3_9 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022322054?origin=resultslist
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Dabral K., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Bhatnagar M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sarkar R., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Banerjee S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Microbial Pigments in Textile and Dyeing Industries
Umesh, Mridul; James, Nilina; Stanly, Liya Merin; Suresh, Sreehari; Santhosh, Adhithya Sankar
Biopigments of Microbial Origin: Innovations and Applications Across Industries;pp.205-227
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781836990505.0012 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105029202298?origin=resultslist
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; James N., Department of Botany, Teresian College, Karnataka, Mysore, India; Stanly L.M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Suresh S., Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as potential tools for denitrification of wastewater
Denitrification; PHA; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Sustainable waste management; Wastewater treatment
Denitrification is the main process in water and wastewater treatment which plays the critical role in mitigating nitrate contamination and ensuring environmental and public health safety. Introduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in water treatment systems enables widening of its application in denitrification processes. Emphasising the importance of denitrification in water treatment helps to prevent the surge of nitrate concentrations, thereby hindering eutrophication and maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, there is an increasing urgency for the development of sustainable and efficient denitrification techniques to address contemporary challenges in water quality management. PHAs are produced by a variety of microorganisms under limited nutritional conditions and present themselves as promising candidate for denitrification due to their favourable characteristics which include biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to store carbon and energy. The current chapter delves with the mechanisms governing denitrification employing PHA along with the intricate biochemical pathways and metabolic processes involved. PHA serves a dual role as both a carbon source and an electron donor in denitrifying bacteria, aiding in the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas in anaerobic environments. The chapter furthermore addresses various factors such as substrate availability, microbial community composition, and environmental parameters which are affecting the efficiency of PHA-mediated denitrification. Despite the potential advantages, challenges impede the widespread adoption of PHA in denitrification processes. Technical constraints such as substrate availability, yield of PHA and reactor design, coupled with economic factors such as production costs, present significant barriers. Future research endeavours should prioritise optimising processes, surmounting technical and economic hurdles, and comprehending the ecological ramifications for water and wastewater treatment systems using PHA. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved.
Umesh, Mridul; Santhosh, Adhithya Sankar; James, Nilina; Grigary, Sneha; Stanly, Liya Merin; Suresh, Sreehari
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Sustainable Production and Biotechnological Applications II: Agriculture, Industry, and Environment;pp.91-110
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1992-4_5 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007839149?origin=resultslist
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; James N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Grigary S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Stanly L.M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Feedstocks for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: Sugar-and starch-rich waste as fermentation substrates
PHA; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Starch-rich waste; Starchy waste; Sugar-rich waste; Sustainable waste management; Waste valorization
Effective management of food and agricultural waste faces a crucial challenge in today's world, primarily due to the necessity to sustainably feed the ever-growing global population. A signifcant portion of this waste generated is plant waste, including both sugar-rich and starch-rich materials. These waste materials are often considered as non-product leftovers due to their perceived lack of economic value compared to the costs associated with their collection, storage, and recovery for reuse. However, by employing appropriate technological methods, such wastes can be utilized as feedstocks for the production of value-added products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHAs are biodegradable polymers with a wide range of applications, offering an environmentally friendly potential substitute to the conventional plastics. Recycling plant wastes holds immense potential for application across various industries, ultimately leading to a reduction in the adverse impacts caused by their accumulation in the environment. This chapter delves into the utilization of plant wastes (sugar-rich and starch-rich wastes including beet molasses, sugarcane molasses, corn steep liquor, and starchy wastewater) for the production of PHAs. It discusses PHA recovery methods and characterization techniques crucial for evaluating the properties of PHA, thereby laying the groundwork for understanding the material quality and suitability for various applications. Additionally, diverse applications of PHAs, ranging from packaging materials to biomedical devices, are explored by highlighting the potential of utilizing plant wastes to contribute to a circular economy. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Sustainable Production and Biotechnological Applications I: Microbial Biodiversity, Biowastes, and Bioprocesses;pp.153-182
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1996-2_7 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004953813?origin=resultslist
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as the only class of truly biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Although extensive research has been carried out in producing them from a wide variety of organisms, their commercialization still faces hurdles majorly associated with the cost of production media. This research work exploits the use of discarded fish scale waste as a major media component for biopolymer production. The major novelty of the research work is the utilization of a Bacillus megaterium NCDC0679 for PHA production using fish scale waste that is not reported previously. Furthermore, a sequential and systematic statistical optimization strategy employing response surface methodology was used to trace out the level of the most significant variables and their interaction effects on PHA production add to the significant novelty of this work. The significance of the model developed was determined from the p values of ANOVA. Under optimized levels of glucose (50g/L), NaCl (0.125g/L), and fish scale hydrolysate concentration (62.5% v/v), maximum PHA yield of 6.33g/L was achieved in the shake flask culture system. This was found to be 5.50-fold higher than the unoptimized medium. The ANOVA results established the significance of the model (p < 0.05). The extracted polymer was characterized through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thus, the present investigation suggests an innovative method for valorization of fish scale waste for commercial production of PHA. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.
Umesh, Mridul; Suresh, Sreehari; Sarojini, Suma; Santosh, Adhithya Sankar
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery;Volume;15;Issue;17;pp.23703-23715
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03360-w https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85140085031?origin=resultslist