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                <text>Towards connected government services: A cloud software engineering framework</text>
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                <text>Cloud computing technologies are being used highly successfully in large-scale businesses. Therefore, it is useful for governments to adopt cloud-driven multi-channel, and multiple devices to offer their services such as e-tax, e-vote, e-health, etc. Since these applications require open, flexible, interoperable, collaborative, and integrated architecture, service-oriented architecture approach can be usefully adopted to achieve flexibility and multi-platform and multi-channel integration. However, its adoption needs to be systematic, secure, and privacy-driven. In this context, micro services architecture (MSA), a direct offshoot of SOA, is also a highly attractive mechanism for building and deploying enterprise-scale applications. This chapter proposes a systematic framework for cloud e-government services based on the cloud software engineering approach and suggests a cloud adoption model for e-government, leveraging the benefits of MSA patterns. The proposed model is based on a set of evaluated application characteristics that, in turn, support emerging IT-based technologies.  2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Web 2.0 and Cloud Technologies for Implementing Connected Government, pp. 113-135.</text>
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                <text>Ramachandran M., Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Chelliah P.R., Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd, Bangalore, India; Soundarabai P.B., Christ University (Deemed), Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>A constrained multi-period portfolio optimization model based on quantum-inspired optimization</text>
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                <text>Higher-order constraints; Market risks; Multi-period portfolio optimization; Net return rate; Quantum entanglement; Quantum whale optimization</text>
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                <text>Multi-period portfolio optimization (MPO) is one of the most important problems to be solved to help investors select optimal portfolios for investment plans. The portfolios are influenced by the risk factors in the market and it is important to select optimal portfolios that can maximize the returns with minimum risk values. Other than the risk factor, there are several other influential factors that reduce the optimality of the portfolios. Therefore, by considering all possible constraints, this study proposes a multi-constraint MPO model that selects the optimal portfolio based on the asset returns. To solve the multi-constrained problem, a novel quantum-inspired whale optimization algorithm (QWOA) is introduced in this paper. The proposed algorithm enhances the traditional optimization model to work in a multi-constrained scenario. Here, quantum entanglement is adapted to reduce the slow convergence issue of whale optimization. Apart from considering only the risk factors, this paper also considers certain higher-order moments (HOM), such as skewness, kurtosis, transaction cost, diversification, boundary and budget constraints. These factors affect the portfolios as the market is dynamic, and timely changes are always seen. Thus, optimizing the mentioned factors aids in attaining an optimal portfolio. Empirical evaluations are performed, and the results suggested that the proposed model provided beneficial outcomes as compared with other algorithms like whale optimization algorithm (WOA), gray wolf optimization (GWO), fruitfly optimization algorithm (FOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and fruitfly algorithm (FA). The overall net return rate of the proposed model is always above 0.85% for different values of upper bounds, and the obtained Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, STARR ratio, information ratio, Shannon entropy, and downside deviation values of the proposed algorithm are 5.016254, 0.89327, ? 0.01987, 0.103826, 3.04452 and 0.2854. Hence, the proposed approach is highly effective for optimizing the constrained MPO.  The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.</text>
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                <text>Ramaiah K.; Soundarabai P.B.</text>
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                <text>Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol-83, No. 33, pp. 78769-78796.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18597-y" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-18597-y&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>Ramaiah K., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Soundarabai P.B., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>An Intelligent Portfolio Management Scheme Based On Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning and Cumulative Prospective Approach</text>
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                <text>Assets; Deep reinforcement learning; Optimal Return; Optimization; Portfolio selection; Stock price prediction</text>
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                <text>Stock markets retain an extensive role towards economic growth of diverse countries and it is a place where investors invest assured amount to earn more profit and the issuers pursue the investors for project investing. However, it is deliberated as a challenging task to buy and sell because of its explosive and complex nature. The existing portfolio optimization models are primarily focused on just improving the returns whereas, the selection of optimal assets is least focused. Hence, the proposed research article focuses on the integration of stock prediction with the portfolio optimization model (SPPO). Initially, the stock prices for the next period are predicted using the hybrid deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model. Within this prediction model, the gated recurrent unit network (GRUN) model is utilized to simulate the interactions of the agent with the environment. The best actions in the prediction model are determined throughout the prediction process using the quantum differential evolution algorithm (Q-DEA). After the prediction of best assets, the optimal portfolio with the best assets is selected using the cumulative prospect theory (CPT) model. The work will be implemented in python and evaluated using the NIFTY-50 Stock Market Data (2000 -2021) dataset. Minimal error rates of 0.130, 0.114, 0.148 and 0.153 is obtained by the proposed model in case of MSE, MAE, RMSE and MAPE.   2024 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Ramaiah K.; Soundarabai P.B.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of ICWITE 2024: IEEE International Conference for Women in Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship, pp. 117-123.</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWITE59797.2024.10503521" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWITE59797.2024.10503521&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>Ramakrishnan A.B., Deparment of Computer Science and Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, SASTRA University Thanjavur Campus, Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur, India; Murugesh T.S., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of Engineering Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, India; Pulari S.R., Tutor, Bahrain Polytechnic, Bahrain; Vasudevan S.K., Technical Evangelist, APJ, SP&amp;amp;E - Developer Platform and Evangelism, Software and Advanced Technology Group, Intel India Pvt. Ltd., Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; G.K. A., Master of Computer Aplications, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>What is the relationship between literacy and culture? It is not possible to give a simple answer to this question. Eric Havelock, while commenting on ancient Greek culture and literacy, observes that the classic culture of Greece had attained an advanced stage even before the emergence of Greek script. It continued to exist as an oral culture for a long time (Havelock 1963, 117120). A culture without a script is not uncivilized or underdeveloped. Havelock observes: One can propose with assurance that the pre-Homeric epoch  the Dark Age  yields for the historian what might be called a controlled experiment in non-literacy. Here, if anywhere,  we can study those conditions on which a total culture, and a very complex one, relied for its preservation upon oral tradition alone. (pp. 11718)  2025 selection and editorial matter, E.V. Ramakrishnan and K.C. Muraleedharan; individual chapters, the contributors.</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan E.V.; Mankulam D., CHRIST (deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Enhanced Process Model and Analysis of Risk Integration in Software effort estimation</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="186167">
                <text>Multi-Layer Perceptron model; Process Model; Risk score; Risk-integrated Effort estimation</text>
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                <text>The development of software within the estimated effort is remaining as a challenging task. The process of effort estimation is a critical activity in a software project, where effort estimates are utilized to arrive at the schedule, resources, and cost. Though many software effort estimation techniques exist, effort overrun occurs in a project. Identification of risks and their consideration in software lifecycle activities play a significant role in the successful execution of a software project. It would be required to account for uncertainty and the key factors that contribute to it. This study focuses on the need to include project risk score in the software effort estimation process to arrive at better effort estimates. This paper depicts the standard and enhanced process frameworks for estimation of software development efforts. A multi-layer perceptron model was built and the results indicated the relevance of considering project risk score in the effort estimation process. The usage of an enhanced gradient boosting technique for predictive modelling revealed a decrease in standard deviation of the residuals, thus indicating a better fit for the effort estimation model through integration of risks.  2019 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan N.; Girijamma H.A.; Balachandran K.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology, ICSSIT 2019, pp. 419-422.</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>ISBN: 978-172812119-2</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan N., CHRIST Institute of Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Girijamma H.A., RNS Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bengaluru, India; Balachandran K., CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Computer Science and Engineering Department, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Exploring digital twins: Attributes, challenges and risks</text>
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                <text>Attributes; Digital transformation; Digital twin; Digitalization; Industry 4.; Risk factors</text>
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                <text>The recent approach to digitalization and digital transformation is based on the focus of every industry to develop systems and practices for optimizing the operational phase of the product lifecycle and beyond. Digital twins have become the buzzword in the domain of digital transformation. These Digital twins, which are a virtual representation of real-world occurrences such as processes, services, or products offer a new perspective to digitalization. It has emerged from Industry 4.0 and involves a mapping of the real physical world and the virtual world through Digital Twinning. Artificial Intelligence, Cryptography, Blockchain, Big Data technologies, and IoT act as technology enablers for Digital Twins. The capability of Digital Twin is its ability to cater to diverse applications. Within a decade, it has penetrated deeply into every functional aspect of business right from Patient Health Information Systems to remote control and maintenance of satellites/ space stations and to agriculture. This chapter has a focus on the key attributes, challenges, and risk factors that pertain to digital twin technologies and provides adequate examples from diverse sectors. The key challenges of digital twin technologies include Modeling the unknown, Transparency, Interpretability, Interactions with physical assets, Large-scale computation, Physical realism, Future projections, Data management, Privacy, Security and Quality. The four facets of risks related to Digital Twins include restrictions in access to system resources, theft of intellectual property, lack of compliance, and integrity issues in data/information. Hence, additional efforts and a holistic approach towards privacy and security are required to manage these risks. The holistic approach should cover hardware, software, and firmware together with the information that passes between them. Further, it is required to ensure that system, assets and data are adequately protected. Digital Twin technologies provide enormous competitive advantage for an organization, and a more pragmatic approach for mitigation of risks associated with digital twins is required. This would involve co-creation of Digital Twins with clients along with combined extensive knowledge of physical assets, disruptive technologies and appropriate security measures.  2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Mitigating cadmium stress in agricultural plants becomes extremely critical in order to assure food sufficiency in the scenario of a rapidly growing population. An extensive review of environmentally friendly methods for reducing cadmium toxicity in plants is provided in this chapter, with special attention to a variety of tactics like phytohormones, polyamines, melatonin, mineral ions, nanoparticles, and transgenic techniques. Nanoparticles are capable of changing the distribution of cadmium, activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, and boosting physiological processes that are crucial for plant resilience and growth. Microorganisms greatly increase plant resistance to cadmium stress by modifying phytohormones and regulating defense-related proteins. Phytohormones can increase a plants adaptability to cadmium stress through a number of mechanisms, such as the regulation of gene expression and physiological processes. Melatonin and polyamines provide protection against oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, while mineral ions such as silicon, calcium, zinc, iron, and selenium increase plant resistance to cadmium, minimizing pollution-related harm. Transgenic plants that are tolerant to cadmium exhibit enhanced detoxification processes and reduced metal accumulation. These findings provide important insights for long-term plant cadmium mitigation and highlight the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in managing heavy metal stress in agricultural systems.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.</text>
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                <text>Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol-Part F3968, pp. 449-474.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73266-9_18" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73266-9_18&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 18635520</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan R., Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Al-Khayri J.M., Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Salvia officinalis L. resilience under chromium stress: An integrated study of growth, physiology, biochemical changes and rosmarinic acid production</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="76509">
                <text>Antioxidant enzymes; chromium toxicity; common sage; lipid peroxidation; mitigation strategies; rosmarinic acid</text>
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                <text>Medicinal plants are increasingly challenged by rising chromium (Cr) levels in agricultural soil and water bodies due to industrialization and human activities. This research examines the impact of various chromium concentrations on Salvia officinalis L., a medicinal herb, over 3 specific time periods: 30, 60 and 90 days. As the duration of Cr exposure increases, various growth parameters showed an upward trend at the lowest concentrations, with the most robust growth observed in the 20 ppm Cr treatment group after 90 days. However, higher chromium concentrations resulted in reduced plant growth compared to untreated plants. Chromium primarily accumulates in the roots, stems and leaves, with the highest accumulation observed at 100 ppm. However, chlorophyll content declined with prolonged Cr exposure, particularly at higher concentrations. Carbohydrate levels initially increased at lower Cr concentrations but decreased with greater exposure, while protein content consistently decreased with elevated Cr levels. Proline levels exhibited mixed responses, rising at lower concentrations and declining at higher ones. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with higher Cr levels and extended exposure. The enzymatic antioxidant system showed an initial increase followed by a decline with prolonged exposure. Rosmarinic acid content increased with chromium (Cr) exposure upto 60 ppm but subsequently decreased beyond that threshold. In the first 30 days, plants treated with Cr demonstrated a 17 % increase in rosmarinic acid production compared to the control (48.9 mg/g DW). However, with continued Cr exposure, there was a decline in rosmarinic acid production ranging from 10 % to 20 % compared to the control level (67.02 mg/g DW) at 90 days post-treatment. These findings underscore the complex and contrasting responses of Salvia officinalis to Cr toxicity, highlighting the necessity for extended study into the core mechanisms governing these responses and the development of strategies to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants.  The Author(s).</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan R.; Nagella P.</text>
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                <text>Plant Science Today, Vol-11, No. 4, pp. 268-279.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3258" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3258&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205790862&amp;amp;doi=10.14719%2Fpst.3258&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=5c11a9707b7fa1ac1650f805ff908081" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205790862&amp;amp;doi=10.14719%2fpst.3258&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=5c11a9707b7fa1ac1650f805ff908081&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="76516">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 23481900</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan R., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560 029, India; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560 029, India</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>The accumulation, antioxidant defences, and secondary metabolite production in common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under lead toxicity</text>
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                <text>antioxidants; Pb stress; rosmarinic acid; Sage; Salvia officinalis</text>
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                <text>The growing levels of lead (Pb) in agricultural soil and water bodies as a result of industrialization and human activity present serious challenges for medicinal plants. The present study investigates the complex responses of Salvia officinalis to toxicity caused by Pb including metal accumulation, translocation dynamics, antioxidant defenses, and the production of secondary metabolites. Pb showed preferential accumulation in the roots, peaking at (1000 ppm Pb) (2484.2 mg kg-1). The reduced levels of total chlorophyll (1.29-fold), protein (1.9-fold), and carbohydrate (2.5-fold) under prolonged exposure to stress demonstrate the toxic impacts of lead. Proline and total phenolic content (TPC) increased concentration-dependently under lead stress, while flavonoids were found to be decreased with the enhancement of lead toxicity. Enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, APX, and SOD) showed notable increase, especially in the 30 days of treatment, demonstrating the plants strong defenses. S. officinaliss adaptive responses were highlighted by concentration-dependent increases in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Crucially, under lead stress, S. officinalis showed 1.7-fold increased rosmarinic acid (RA) production, in plants exposed to 200 ppm for 30 days treatment. However, further exposure to lead significantly caused the reduction of RA production. The results add to our knowledge of how sage plants respond to environmental stress and offer important insights for future uses in phytoremediation and the breeding of stress-tolerant plant cultivars. Furthermore, the research highlights about the S. officinaliss potential as a source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant qualities, under low levels of lead stress.  2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Ramakrishnan R.; Nagella P.</text>
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                <text>Medicinal Plants, Vol-16, No. 3, pp. 519-531.</text>
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                <text>Optical Character Recognition (OCR) deals with the recognition of characters in a text document. Steps like Preprocessing, Segmentation and Recognition are embedded in the OCR machine. When a document is scanned it will be taken into OCR and will recognize the characters. But noisy scanning of documents, low-quality printed documents and thresholding error leads to the generation of broken characters. When these documents are given as inputs into OCR, the recognition becomes a tedious process since the broken characters are misunderstood by the OCR machine. So the broken characters have to be identified and segmented separately. This work aims to enhance the degraded documents with broken characters using image processing techniques. For identifying or recognizing the broken character from the image various techniques like vertical projection profile, horizontal projection profile, chain code, mean based thresholding are used. The lines from the document are separated using line segmentation. Separate characters are extracted using Vertical Projection Profile and Horizontal Projection Profile. The character is identified using chain coding. The broken characters are found from them using Mean-based Thresholding and is merged using Heuristic information. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 92.88% and also performs well for color image documents as well as black and white image documents also because of the effective preprocessing.  2018 Intelligent Network and Systems Society.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, Vol-11, No. 3, pp. 130-137.</text>
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                <text>Due to the revolution of digital era in the medical domain at various hospitals across the world, the online users on the internet access have been increased. So the amount of collections of digitized medical images has grown rapidly and continuously. As well it is ratting significant to mention that the images are globally used by radiologists, professors in medical colleges and Lab technicians, etc. These Images are increasingly applied to communicate information about patient history. In this context, there is a necessity to develop appropriate systems to manage these medical images in storage and retrieval for diagnosis of the patient information. Another big issue is the convolution of image data and that can be interpreted in different ways. In order to manipulate these data and establish policies to its content is very tedious job. This will raise another big question. These issues motivated the researchers to give more focus on the image retrieval area whose goal is trying to solve those problems to provide an efficient retrieval system to the user community. In this perspective, this work has been proposed to facilitate radiologists, professors in medical colleges, lab technicians, and all other medical image user communities for their purpose for easy access from the remote location.  2022 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Ramamurthy B.; Prasanna M.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECT54875.2022.9807970" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECT54875.2022.9807970&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>Ramamurthy B., CHRIST(Deemed to Be University), Computer Science Department, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Prasanna M., SITE, Vit, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India</text>
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                <text>High gain ultra wideband fractal antenna</text>
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                <text>Frequency Selective Surfaces; Gain Enhancement; HFSS; Metasurface Reflectors; UWB Antenna</text>
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                <text>A high gain Compact Octagonal Ultra-wideband Fractal Antenna (COUFA) using the Dual Layer Meta Frequency Selective Surface Reflector (DLMFSSR) is presented in this manuscript. The proposed Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) provides a suitable reflection phase to act as a reflector and is capable of enhancing the gain of the antenna in its wide operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna design provides better impedance bandwidth of 2-10.37 GHz with significant increase in the gain of 0.41-11.83 dB at various resonance frequencies in comparison with the antenna without reflector. The complete antenna with DLMFSSR is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The Proposed antenna, FSS are fabricated and the numerical results for return loss S11, VSWR and gain are demonstrated. Simulation and fabrication results are found to be worthy, which suites the design malleable enough for several modern UWB wireless applications. Copyright  2019 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="130621">
                <text>Ramamurthy V.; Govindarajan Y.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="130622">
                <text>Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, Vol-16, No. 4, pp. 1597-1601.</text>
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                <text>American Scientific Publishers</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8082" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8082&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067062695&amp;amp;doi=10.1166%2Fjctn.2019.8082&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=a9cfde6c66d2c36e90119c1a152777ea" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067062695&amp;amp;doi=10.1166%2fjctn.2019.8082&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=a9cfde6c66d2c36e90119c1a152777ea&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="130626">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 15461955</text>
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                <text>Ramamurthy V., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Christ University, Bangalore, 560074, India; Govindarajan Y., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, India</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="118997">
                <text>Mutual Information Pre-processing Based Broken-stick Linear Regression Technique for Web User Behaviour Pattern Mining</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118998">
                <text>Broken-stick linear regression analysis; Frequent access; Mutual information based pre-processing; Usage behaviour; Web patterns; Web user.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118999">
                <text>Web usage behaviour mining is a substantial research problem to be resolved as it identifies different user's behaviour pattern by analysing web log files. But, accuracy of finding the usage behaviour of users frequently accessed web patterns was limited and also it requires more time. Mutual Information Pre-processing based Broken-Stick Linear Regression (MIP-BSLR) technique is proposed for refining the performance of web user behaviour pattern mining with higher accuracy. Initially, web log files from Apache web log dataset and NASA dataset are considered as input. Then, Mutual Information based Pre-processing (MI-P) method is applied to compute mutual dependence between the two web patterns. Based on the computed value, web access patterns which relevant are taken for further processing and irrelevant patterns are removed. After that, Broken-Stick Linear Regression analysis (BLRA) is performed in MIP-BSLR for Web User Behaviour analysis. By applying the BLRA, the frequently visited web patterns are identified. With the identification of frequently visited web patterns, MIP-BSLR technique exactly predicts the usage behaviour of web users, and also increases the performance of web usage behaviour mining. Experimental evaluation of MIP-BSLR method is conducted on factors such as pattern mining accuracy, false positives, time requirements and space requirements with respect to number of web patterns. Outcomes show that the proposed technique improves the pattern mining accuracy by 14%, and reduces the false positive rate by 52%, time requirement by 19% and space complexity by 21% using Apache web log dataset as compared to conventional methods. Similarly, the pattern mining accuracy of NASA dataset is increased by 16% with the reduction of false positive rate by 47%, time requirement by 20% and space complexity by 22% as compared to conventional methods.  2020. All Rights Reserved.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119000">
                <text>Raman G.; Raj G.K.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119001">
                <text>International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, Vol-14, No. 1, pp. 244-256.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119002">
                <text>Intelligent Network and Systems Society</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119003">
                <text>2021-01-01</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119004">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.22266/IJIES2021.0228.24" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.22266/IJIES2021.0228.24&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099564117&amp;amp;doi=10.22266%2FIJIES2021.0228.24&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=58be3865df9371db9349ce708ee1518d" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099564117&amp;amp;doi=10.22266%2fIJIES2021.0228.24&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=58be3865df9371db9349ce708ee1518d&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119005">
                <text>All Open Access; Bronze Open Access</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119006">
                <text>ISSN: 2185310X</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="119007">
                <text>Online</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119008">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Article</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119010">
                <text>Raman G., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India; Raj G.K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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      <name>Article</name>
      <description>Faculty Publications -Articles</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="83889">
                <text>Co-sputtered V2O5TiN composite on Ag-network current collector for high-performance flexible transparent thin-film supercapacitors</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="83890">
                <text>Silver; Specific capacitance; Sputtering; Supercapacitor; TiN; V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83891">
                <text>Next-generation wearables require extremely capable electrochemical energy-storage devices that exhibit improved performance with high flexibility and transparency. Herein, we present a highly flexible and transparent electrochemical thin-film supercapacitor electrode fabricated by co-sputtering V2O5 and TiN on an Ag-network-based current collector. The electrodes' physical properties, optical properties, and structural morphologies are studied using X-ray diffraction, UVvisible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A symmetric device is fabricated using V2O5 and TiN on an Ag network, and the TiN sputter power is varied to optimize the performance. The device performance of the co-sputtered electrodes at various composition ratios is studied. The optimized V2O5TiN (200?40)/Ag electrode device with pseudocapacitive behavior delivers an excellent areal specific capacitance of 98.66 mF cm2 at a current density of 4 mA cm2 with a charge retention of 90.12 % after 6000 cycles. The V2O5TiN (200?40)/Ag electrode device outperforms other reported electrodes, with an energy density and power density of 30.83 ?Wh cm2 and 2999.67 ?W cm2, respectively, and excellent mechanical stability.  2023</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83892">
                <text>Raman V.; Clament Sagaya Selvam N.; Mitta S.B.; Kim H.-K.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="83893">
                <text>Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol-971</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83894">
                <text>Elsevier Ltd</text>
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                <text>2024-01-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83896">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172450" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172450&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176567057&amp;amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2023.172450&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=63180b1fb8a658d4bc18d39232be2dd0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176567057&amp;amp;doi=10.1016%2fj.jallcom.2023.172450&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=63180b1fb8a658d4bc18d39232be2dd0&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83897">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83898">
                <text>ISSN: 9258388; CODEN: JALCE</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Online</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83900">
                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Raman V., School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Clament Sagaya Selvam N., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Mitta S.B., Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Kim H.-K., School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon, 16419, South Korea</text>
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                <text>Statistical features learning to predict the crop yield in regional areas</text>
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                <text>Classification; Clustering; Computer science; Machine learning; Statistical features</text>
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                <text>The plethora of information presented in the form of benchmark dataset plays a significant role in analyzing and understanding the crop yield in certain regions of regional territory. The information may be presented in the form of attributes makes a prediction of crop yield in various regions of machine learning. The information considered for processing involves data cleaning initially followed by binning to reduce the missing data. The information collected is subjected to clustering of data items based on patterns of similarity, The data items that are similar in nature is fed to the system with similarity measure, which involves understanding the distance of data items from its related data item leading to hyper parameters for analyzing of information while calculating the crop yield. The information may be used to ascertain the patterns of data that exhibit similarity with nearest neighbor represented by another attribute. Thus, the research method has yielded an accuracy of 89.62% of classification for predicting the crop yield in agricultural areas of Karnataka region.  2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Ramanahalli P.P.; Siddamallu H.K.; Basavaraju R.K.Y.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol-12, No. 5, pp. 5321-5329.</text>
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                <text>Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</text>
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                <text>2022-01-01</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5321-5329" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5321-5329&lt;/a&gt;
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="105055">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>ISSN: 20888708</text>
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                <text>Ramanahalli P.P., School and Computer Science and Applications, REVA University, Bangalore, India; Siddamallu H.K., School of Computer Science and Applications, REVA University, Bangalore, India; Basavaraju R.K.Y., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>On families of graphs which are both adjacency equienergetic and distance equienergetic</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="83428">
                <text>05C50; 05C76; Distance energy; Distance equienergetic graphs; Equienergetic graphs; Graph energy</text>
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                <text>Let A(G) and D(G) be the adjacency and distance matrices of a graph G respectively. The adjacency energy or A-energy EA(G) of a graph G is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of A(G). Analogously, the D-energy ED(G) is defined to be the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of D(G). One of the interesting problems on graph energy is to characterize those graphs which are equienergetic with respect to both the adjacency and distance matrices. A weaker problem is to construct the families of graphs which are equienergetic with respect to both the adjacency and distance matrices. In this paper, we find the explicit relations between A-energy and D-energy of certain families of graphs. As a consequence, we provide an answer to the above open problem (Indulal in https://icgc2020.wordpress.com/invitedlectures, 2020; http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ac.in/rkannan/gma.html, 2020)  The Indian National Science Academy 2022.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83430">
                <text>Ramane H.S.; Parvathalu B.; Ashoka K.; Pirzada S.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83431">
                <text>Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol-55, No. 1, pp. 198-209.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83432">
                <text>Indian National Science Academy</text>
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                <text>2024-01-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83434">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13226-022-00355-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s13226-022-00355-1&lt;/a&gt;
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              <elementText elementTextId="83435">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 195588</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Ramane H.S., Department of Mathematics, Karnatak University, Karnataka, Dharwad, 580003, India; Parvathalu B., Department of Mathematics, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Ashoka K., Department of Mathematics, Karnatak Universitys Karnatak Arts College, Karnataka, Dharwad, 580001, India; Pirzada S., Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India</text>
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