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                <text>Intelligent Wearable Electronics: A New Paradigm in Smart Electronics</text>
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                <text>Communication protocol; Healthcare electronics; IoT; Sensors; Smart clothing; Wearable electronics (WE)</text>
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                <text>In the last decade or so, the wearable electronics technology has seen an unprecedented growth which is expected to reach around USD 51.60 billion by the year 2022 with a CAGR of 15.51%. Intelligent wearable electronics is a combination of wide range of technologies like computation, communication, sensors, cloud computing, and display to cite a few. Integration of various technologies resultin systems which are multifunctional along with higher complexity of design presenting a unique challenge for the technologists. With Internet of Things (IoTs) becoming ubiquitous and 5G technologies around the corner, the wearable devices are no longer simple passive systems providing the user limited information, but rather they are multifunctional, powerful, and intelligent devices which make use of complex sensing and signal processing elements along with cloud computing and data analytics to provide real-time data interpretation. In this chapter, we review the recent developments of intelligent wearable electronics (WE) with emphasis on their working principle and design at various levels of abstraction, that includes material, device, and system levels, along with signal processing and communication protocol for external communication. Further, the design and development of smart wearable electronics which involves multivariant problem-solving at various abstraction levels is explained. In addition, we elucidate popular classes of smart wearables like wearable textiles, healthcare wearable electronics, and WE in education. Furthermore, we explore the primary performance constraints of typical WE systems such as battery life (energy), system architecture, communication protocols, and integration with cloud computing to, mention a few. This chapter concludes by elucidating various challenges in developing WE and the future directions of this industry.  2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</text>
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                <text>EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, pp. 169-197.</text>
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                <text>Matthew R., School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SEEE), VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India; Dutta J., Centre for Digital Innovation, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Maheswar R., School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SEEE), VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India; Ahmed K., Department of ICT, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Tangail, Bangladesh</text>
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                <text>This research explores the efficacy of clustering algorithms in enhancing customer experiences within the e-commerce landscape. Through experiment trials utilizing K-means and DBSCAN clustering techniques, valuable insights have been gleaned. The trials yielded silhouette scores ranging from 0.55 to 0.72, indicating moderate to good clustering quality across different experiments. In K-means clustering, the number of clusters varied from 3 to 6, with inertia values spanning approximately 722.41456.8. Conversely, DBSCAN clustering resulted in varying cluster numbers, ranging from 2 to 4, contingent on the combinations of epsilon and min_samples values explored. These findings underscore the significance of judiciously selecting clustering algorithms and parameter settings to achieve meaningful segmentation of e-commerce data. Effective utilization of clustering algorithms empowers businesses to discern valuable insights into customer behavior, preferences, and patterns. Consequently, businesses can tailor their strategies to deliver personalized experiences, targeted marketing campaigns, and optimized product recommendations. This research propels the exploration of additional clustering techniques and parameter refinements for enhanced clustering performance in e-commerce applications.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-1117 LNNS, pp. 149-159.</text>
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                <text>Maurya N., Department of Management, KCC Institute of Legal and Higher Education, Greater Noida, India; Singh J., Alliance School of Advanced Computing, Alliance University, Bengaluru, India; Singh N.P., School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India; Chaudhary A., School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India; Patil S., Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Centre for Online Learning, Pimpri, Pune, India; Tiwari M., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeths College of Engineering, Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>Mawarura, Godfrey.</text>
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                <text>The relationship between income inequality and social capital is examined. Using the India Human Development Survey, which includes variables related to formal and informal social capital, income inequality is seen to adversely impact the formation of formal social capital while significantly contributing to the development of informal social capital in India. Further, evidence of a lower level of social capital among low-income individuals is observed. There is substantial inequality in income distribution that amplifies social capital inequality. Traditional income redistributive policies may prove ineffective when inequality becomes deeply ingrained in society.  2025, Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Nanotechnology has increased impressively during the last decade for their diverse potential uses in food, environment, medical, sustainable energy and so forth. Nanomaterial synthesis by chemical methods has unintended properties on the ecological pollution and also effect on human welfare. To overcome these challenges green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has been used from plants and animals. The green synthesized NPs include gold (Au NPs), copper (Cu NPs), silver (AgNPs), iron and its oxides (Fe NPs). Abundant microbes and plants are used for the synthesizing NPs that are eco-friendly, cost effective and potentially safe. Further, these can be constructed using agri-food waste sources such as agricultural crops, fruits and vegetables, cereals, oil cakes, alcoholic beverages, and so forth, for synthesizing sustainable NPs, reducing environmental issues. These green synthesized metallic NPs needs to be further characterized for the synthesis, factors affecting the parameters and their potential applications in various fields with major challenges that needs to be researched such as toxicity and translational research.  2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Brijesh H., Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Dheeraj H., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Reddy Y.H., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>One of the major pollutants in the milieu consists of heavy metals that remain nondegradable with extreme toxicity that accumulates in plants, animals, and humans leading to ill effects with long exposures. These heavy metals that are used in various fields like food, textile industries, agriculture, and medicine act as enzyme inhibitors not allowing the substrate to bind the enzymes. In lieu of it, biosensors have been an essential tool that help to monitor environmental pollutants, presence of various toxins and biohazardous microbial in the organic matter, and also biomolecules in diagnostic tools. Detection of heavy metal traces in environmental monitoring has a widespread application using biosensors with improvised sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. Further, the biosensor technology has advanced greatly with the ability of biosensing mechanism combined with the highly advanced technique with the world of nanofabricating enabled miniature biosensors. The sensitivity performance of biosensors has increased tremendously with nanotechnology as the nanoscale dimensions promote the critical analysis and detect to probe single biomolecules. Nevertheless, the major drawback relies on the study lacking the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in atmosphere, lacking in automated service, miniature induced unreliable source, and integrating the nano-biosensors for reliable transduction signals from the devices. With the development of biosensors for online and offline analysis for their quantity and diversity they have been termed as biosensor uprising with the introduction of biosensors with enzyme, DNA-, immuno-, and whole cell-based with specific analytical detection.  2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Gowda A., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Tajunnisa T., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Marine environment has been an important surrounding in recent times for valuable resources such as bioactive polymers. Increasing environmental concerns and realizing the limitation of global petroleum resources, biopolymers has gained utmost importance. Highly abundant renewable biopolymers of different polysaccharides have been produced from microbes, clams, shrimps, etc., exhibiting varying biological activities. Among all these biopolymers, microbial biopolymers are the most promising substitute for the existing synthetic polymers. Microbial polymers are synthesized intracellularly and extracellularly for their cell functions and survival playing specific roles as reserve materials for energy conservation, symbiosis and osmotic adaptation, protective agents that can be extruded and used for various applications. These biopolymers have exceptional moisture and oxygen barrier characteristics in making films for use in food industries and medical aspects. Microbial biopolymers that have been used include the cellulose, levan, pullulans, xanthan, gellan, kefiran, Haloferax exopolysaccharides, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly-3-hydroxybutyrates. Marine bacteria such as Bacillus, Halomonas, Alteromonas, Planococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Zoogloea, and Thermococcus are found to be hyperproducers for biopolymers. Due to their high quality, sustainability, long shelf life, and biodegradability, they have been receiving interest for innumerable biological activities such as antioxidants, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial actions. Microbial marine biopolymers with natural biological activity, structural functions can be tailored using genetic engineering to obtain newer biomaterials with novel functionalities.  2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B.; Manjula N.G.</text>
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                <text>Marine Biopolymers: Processing, Functionality and Applications, pp. 933-954.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST-Deemed to be University, Kengeri Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Environmental applications of microbial fuel cells</text>
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                <text>Bio electrocatalysis; Environmental pollutants; MFC-based biosensors; Microbial carbon capture; Microbial desalination cell; Microbial fuel cell</text>
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                <text>The world is facing an energy crisis for non-renewable resources for the last decade. Hence, there is a search for highly efficient energy transformation techniques which utilizes alternate renewable energy sources. One such renewable energy production technology is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) based on dynamic organisms like microbes. MFCs allow producing electricity using renewable organic waste through microbial cellular respiration, which helps in reducing the carbon footprint as well as the environmental pollution. MFCs can also be used in metal recovery by bio electrochemical recovery, because metal ions can be reduced and deposited on an electrode by bacteria, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Microbial carbon capture cells are advancements to MFC, where algal biomass provides oxygen for cathodic reduction in the cathodic chamber and is ideally considered as the plausible technologies to tackle the ever-increasing problem of global warming and increased CO2 concentration. The MFCs find application in environmental remediation with respect to harmful organic pollutants by neutralizing/degrading contaminated water and soil. The harmful organic pollutants that can be neutralized include organic dyes, pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, phenolic nitro phenolic compounds, and many others. This gives a long-term solution for pollutant degradation that is also environmentally acceptable. MFC-based biosensors have recently emerged as the next-generation biosensing technique for environmental monitoring.  2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Microbial Fuel Cell: Electricity Generation and Environmental Remediation, pp. 225-257.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B., Christ-Deemed to be University, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; More P.R., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Kumaraswamylayout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Bhavan K.S., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Kumaraswamylayout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Suresh Kumar K., Department of Chemistry, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Thippeswamy R., Department of Chemistry, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</text>
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                <text>Sustainability and green nanomaterials on nanotechnology-based sensors</text>
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                <text>Bioremediation; green synthesized; microorganisms; nanobiosensors; pollutants</text>
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                <text>Nanobiosensors multipurpose efficacy in various domains as next-generation device has set a revolutionary impact on the scientific technology. Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have enhanced the properties of these nanobiosensors in commendable ways with remarked growth. The unique properties of NPs like optical, magnetic, electrochemical, physiochemical, mechanical, and good conductivity make them highly reliable and sensitive for conventional approaches to check minute concentrations. Quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanowires provide a novel signal transduction mechanism that helps to detect low level of pesticides, food contaminants, toxins, and metabolites. Various microbes have been documented for NPs such as Fusarium oxysporum, Alternata alternata, Trichoderma viride, Colletotrichum sp., F. oxysporum, Aspergillus orayzae, Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum, and Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. It is used in sustainable agriculture or smart farming to aid plant growth in the form of sensor detector of plant metabolites, hormonal changes, ion concentration, volatiles and gas changes, etc., under physiological stress. Environmental remediation is carried out for analysis and quantification of contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides, pathogens, etc. Nanobiosensors have a tremendous impact on food industry as a means of sensitive method for detecting pathogens and recognition of mycotoxins. While, medical applications detect glucose in diabetics, cancer diagnosis, detection of urinary tract infections, HIV-AIDS, disease-causing pathogens, antigen-antibody interaction, etc.  2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B.; Nithin Gowda B.K.; Chandan Gowda U.; Joshi V.; Manjula N.G.</text>
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                <text>Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for Detection of Environmental Pollution, pp. 553-572.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14118-8.00027-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14118-8.00027-9&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISBN: 978-044314118-8; 978-044314119-5</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Nithin Gowda B.K., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Chandan Gowda U., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Joshi V., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Escitalopram treatment ameliorates chronic immobilization stress-induced depressive behavior and cognitive deficits by modulating BDNF expression in the hippocampus</text>
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                <text>cronic stress; escitalopram; Hippocampus; neuronal plasticity; neurotrophic factors</text>
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                <text>Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects 21% of the global population. Chronic exposure to stressful situations may affect the onset, progression, and biochemical alterations underlying MDD and associated cognitive impairments. Patients exhibiting MDD are mainly treated with several antidepressants; one is escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. However, whether or not it mitigates chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits is unknown. The present study exposed rats to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) 2 hours/day for 10 days. Then, escitalopram (5 mg and 10 mg/kg i.p.) was administered for 14 days and subjected to the elevated plus maze, open field test, forced swim test, sucrose preference test, and radial arm maze task. A different set of animals were used to assess the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and amygdale. Our data suggest that escitalopram significantly protected CIS-induced spatial learning and memory deficits, behavioral depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, escitalopram (10 mg/kg) shows a remarkable recovery of dentate gyrus and hippocampal atrophy. In addition, the restoration of molecular markers BDNF, VEGF, and GFAP expression is also implicated in the neuroprotective mechanisms of escitalopram. Our results suggested that esciatlorpam restores cognitive impairments in stressed rats by regulating neurotrophic factors and astrocytic markers.  2024 Shilpa Borehalli Mayegowda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). All Rights Reserved.</text>
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                <text>Mayegowda S.B.; Rao B.V.; Rao B.S.R.S.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, Vol-14, No. 3, pp. 170-182.</text>
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