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                <text>Restrained geodetic domination in graphs</text>
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                <text>Cartesian product; corona product; domination number; Geodetic; join of graphs; restrained geodetic domination number</text>
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                <text>Let G = (V,E) be a graph with edge set E and vertex set V. For a connected graph G, a vertex set S of G is said to be a geodetic set if every vertex in G lies in a shortest path between any pair of vertices in S. If the geodetic set S is dominating, then S is geodetic dominating set. A vertex set S of G is said to be a restrained geodetic dominating set if S is geodetic, dominating and the subgraph induced by V - S has no isolated vertex. The minimum cardinality of such set is called restrained geodetic domination (rgd) number. In this paper, rgd number of certain classes of graphs and 2-self-centered graphs was discussed. The restrained geodetic domination is discussed in graph operations such as Cartesian product and join of graphs. Restrained geodetic domination in corona product between a general connected graph and some classes of graphs is also discussed in this paper.  2020 World Scientific Publishing Company.</text>
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                <text>Mulloor J.J.; Sangeetha V.</text>
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                <text>Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, Vol-12, No. 6</text>
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                <text>Mulloor J.J., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sangeetha V., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Restrained geodetic domination in the power of a graph</text>
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                <text>diameter; Power; RGD number</text>
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                <text>For a graph G = (V,E), S ? V(G) is a restrained geodetic dominating set, if S is a geodetic dominating (gd) set and  never consists an isolated vertex. The least cardinality of such a set is known as the restrained geodetic domination (rgd) number. The power of a graph G is denoted as Gk and is obtained from G by making adjacency between the vertices provided the distance between those vertices must be at most k. In this study, we discussed geodetic number and rgd number of Gk.  2024 Author(s).</text>
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                <text>AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol-3037, No. 1</text>
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                <text>Mulloor J.J., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sangeetha V., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Mulloor, John Joy; Sangeetha, V.</text>
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                <text>Restrained geodetic domination polynomial</text>
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                <text>Mulloor J.J., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sangeetha V., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>For a connected graph G = (V, E), a vertex subset S of G is said to be a restrained geodetic dominating set if S is both geodetic and dominating set of G and also, the subgraph induced by V ? S consists of no vertex with degree zero. From the study of domination polynomial and geodetic domination polynomial, we have initiated the study on restrained geodetic domination polynomial.  World Scientific Publishing Company.</text>
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                <text>Domination number; domination polynomial; geodetic domination polynomial; restrained geodetic domination polynomial</text>
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                <text>Computational intelligence in communication networks: Classification, clustering, reinforcement learning, deep learning</text>
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                <text>Muloor K.; Sahu S.K.; Behera T.K.; Samanta D.</text>
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                <text>Intelligent Communication Networks: Research and Applications, pp. 221-236.</text>
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                <text>Multani D., UST Global Solutions Gurgaon, Haryana, India; Radhakrishnan G.V., Kalinga School of Management, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India; Shankar U., Qaiwan International University, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Kurdistan, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Upreti K., Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, Department of Computer Science, Ghaziabad, India; Gupta K., Accenture, Banglore, India; Tiwari A., Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, Department of Business and Management, Ghaziabad, India</text>
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                <text>The fast-paced development of digital banking has brought with it new convenience but also tremendous challenges in maintaining transaction security. Banks are confronted with mounting threats from malicious activities like identity theft, account takeover, and unauthorized access, which can lead to huge financial losses and loss of customer confidence. This study investigates the formulation of a cybersecurity framework for fraud prevention in banking through machine learning algorithms. A transactional real-world dataset of 200,000 instances from LOL Bank Pvt. Ltd. was used to construct and evaluate predictive models. Preprocessing included categorical encoding, temporal feature engineering, and synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) for class imbalance handling. Three machine learning classifiers - Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost - have been compared using measures of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Results show that ensemble models significantly outperformed logistic regression by a wide margin, with Random Forest and XGBoost both achieving over 91% accuracy and very good discrimination power. The study emphasizes how well machine learning-based systems detect theft in real time and outlines avenues for future research to enhance detection using adaptive and interpretable AI models.  2025 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>As per human psychology, people remember visual objects more than texts. Although many user authentication mechanisms are based on text passwords, biometric characteristics, tokens, etc., image passwords have proven to be a substitute due to its ease of use and reliability. The technological advancements and evolutions in authentication mechanisms brought greater convenience but increased the probability of exposing passwords through various attacks like shoulder-surfing, dictionary, key-logger, and social engineering attacks. The proposed methodology addresses these vulnerabilities and ensures to keep up the usability of graphical passwords. The system displays hybrid images that users need to recognize and type the randomly generated alphanumeric or special character values associated with each of them. A mechanism to generate One Time Password (OTP) is included for additional security. As a result, it is difficult for an attacker to capture and misuse the password.  2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Mundassery S.D.; Cherillath Sukumaran S.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-290, pp. 247-257.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 23673370; ISBN: 978-981164485-6</text>
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                <text>Mundassery S.D., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India; Cherillath Sukumaran S., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rajarajante Mattoli /&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Malayalam Literary Criticism</text>
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                <text>Mundassery, Joseph</text>
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                <text>The Mangalodayam (Private) Limited</text>
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                <text>Mundra Priyanka </text>
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                <text>Department of Psychology  </text>
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                <text>The aim of the present study was to explore cognitive style and academic achievement among school students using a quantitative approach. The study involved a total of 423 students from grade VIth and VIIth. Students from both private and government schools participated in the study. The study used group embedded figures test by Witkin et al. (1971) and classroom achievement test by Singh &amp;amp; Gupta (2007) to determine the participants field independent and dependent cognitive styles and academic achievement. T test was used to compare the academic achievement of field independent ?? field dependent cognitive style students. Whereas, two-way Anova test was done to analysis the interaction effect of grades, gender, and type of school along with cognitive style on academic achievement of students. The findings of the present research showed that there was a significant difference between field independent and dependent students' on academic achievement. It also revealed that students with field independent cognitive style performed significantly better than field dependent students. However grades had a significant main effect on academic achievement of students. There was no interaction effect found between grades and cognitive style on academic achievement of students. In addition, it was also found that there was no interaction effect of type of school and cognitive style on academic achievement of students. The findings of the study benefits teachers by indicating significant classroom implications which will help them to develop effective learning materials and strategies which are suitable for their student in order to utilize their cognitive style strength effectively. It helps students in making effective decisions regarding ones enrolment in higher education courses and career choices. 

Key Words: Field Independent-Dependent Cognitive Style, Academic Achievement, Grades, Gender and Type of School.

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                <text>Activity Classifier: A Novel Approach Using Naive Bayes Classification</text>
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                <text>Acceleration sensor; Activity classifier; Bluetooth Low Energy; Internet of Things; Naive Bayes Classification</text>
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                <text>Activity movements have been recognized in various applications for elderly needs, athletes activities measurements and various fields of real time environments. In this paper, a novel idea has been proposed for the classification of some of the day to day activities like walking, running, fall forward, fall backward etc. All the movements are captured using a Light Blue Bean device incorporated with a Bluetooth module and a tri-axial acceleration sensor. The acceleration sensor continuously reads the activities of a person and the Arduino is designed to continuously read the values of the sensor that works in collaboration with a mobile phone or computer. For the effective classification of a persons activity correctly, Nae Bayes Classifier is used. The entire Arduino along with acceleration sensor can be easily attached to the foot of a person right at the beginning of the user starts performing any activity. For the evaluation purpose, mainly four protocols are considered like walking, running, falling in the forward direction and falling in the backward direction. Initially five healthy adults were taken for the sample test. The results obtained are consistent in the various test cases and the device showed an overall accuracy of 90.67%.  Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.</text>
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                <text>Muneeswari G.; Daniel D.; Natarajan K.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-98, pp. 323-330.</text>
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                <text>Muneeswari G., Department of CSE, Faculty of Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India; Daniel D., Department of CSE, Faculty of Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India; Natarajan K., Department of CSE, Faculty of Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>In any heterogeneous multicore system, there are numerous amount of processors with different platform and all the processing units are fabricated on a common single unit preferably on a System on Chip. As there is a tremendous amount of parallelism encompassed in a multicore system, proper utilization of the cores is a big challenge in the current era. Hence a more automated software approach is required like an agent based graph coloring algorithm to find the free processor and schedule the tasks on the respective cores. Predominantly the entire process of scheduling the tasks on multicore system is based on arrival time of process. This paper incorporates the scheduling on the linux 2.6.11 kernel and GEMS simulator for multicore implementation. The core utilization in this type of agent scheduling is 50% more than the existing scheduling mechanism.  BEIESP.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, Vol-8, No. 3, pp. 8449-8452.</text>
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                <text>Muneeswari G., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Puthussery A., Department of Science and Humanities, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Captcha-Based Defense Mechanism to Prevent DoS Attacks</text>
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                <text>The denial of service (DoS) attack, in the current scenario, is more vulnerable to the banking system and online transactions. Conventional mechanism of DoS attacks consumes a lot of bandwidth, and there will always be performance degradation with respect to the traffic in any of the communication networks. As there is an advent over the network bandwidth, in the current era, DoS attacks have been moved from the network to servers and API. An idea has been proposed which is CAPTCHA-based defense, a purely system-based approach. In the normal case, the protection strategy for DDoS attacks can be achieved with the help of many session schedulers. The main advantage is to efficiently avoid the DoS attacks and increase the server speed as well as to avoid congestion and data loss. This is majorly concerned in a wired network to reduce the delays and to avoid congestion during attacks.  2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-176 LNNS, pp. 1-10.</text>
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                <text>Muneeswari G., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangaluru, India; Puthussery A., Department of Computational Sciences, School of Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>Multilevel Security and Dual OTP System for Online Transaction Against Attacks</text>
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                <text>In the current internet technology, most of the transactions to banking system are effective through online transaction. Predominantly all these e-transactions are done through e-commerce web sites with the help of credit/debit cards, net banking and lot of other payable apps. So, every online transaction is prone to vulnerable attacks by the fraudulent websites and intruders in the network. As there are many security measures incorporated against security vulnerabilities, network thieves are smart enough to retrieve the passwords and break other security mechanisms. At present situation of digital world, we need to design a secured online transaction system for banking using multilevel encryption of blowfish and AES algorithms incorporated with dual OTP technique. The performance of the proposed methodology is analyzed with respect to number of bytes encrypted per unit time and we conclude that the multilevel encryption provides better security system with faster encryption standards than the ones that are currently in use.  2019 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on I-SMAC IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud, I-SMAC 2019, pp. 221-225.</text>
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                <text>Muneeswari G., Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be) University, Bangalore, India; Puthussery A., Science and Humanities, CHRIST (Deemed to Be) University, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Patent Number: 202141007727, Applicant: Dr.G Muneeswari.&#13;
A simple yet efficient model, called Globalized User Sentiment Analysis (GURA) by using the property that sentiment classification has two opposite class labels (i.e., positive and negative), we first propose a data expansion technique by creating sentiment toggled reviews. The original and switched reviews are constructed in a one-to-one correspondence. Thereafter, we enhance the dual training (DT) algorithm and a dual forecasting (DF) algorithm separately, to make use of the original and switched samples in pairs for training a statistical classifier and make predictions.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YnW_VB9sfn84VQ4zorYwKLSQukXqZXQW/view" target="_blank" title="Social environment based on sentiments using globalized user review analysis /" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YnW_VB9sfn84VQ4zorYwKLSQukXqZXQW/view&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Comparative Study on the Experimental Results on Low-Velocity Impact Characteristics of GLARE Laminates with Simulation Results from LS Dyna</text>
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                <text>Absorbed energy; ANSYS; Delamination; GLARE; Low-velocity impact; LS-DYNA</text>
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                <text>Fiber reinforcement with metallic face sheets is one of the recently implemented materials for distinctive applications in automotive and aerospace sectors. While the reinforcement enhances the sustenance property of the laminate, the face sheets provide resistance to impact force. In most automotive sectors, drop weight analysis at varying velocity ranges is performed to evaluate the damage characteristics of the vehicle body. The present work is aimed at studying the influence of low-velocity impact (LVI) on Glass Laminate Aluminum-Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) laminate. Three distinct thicknesses of Al-2024 T3 aluminum alloy (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4mm) were chosen as the face sheet and E-glass fiber was used as intermediate layers. Epoxy resin LY556 with a HY951 hardener was used to fabricate the GLARE structure and the overall thickness was maintained at 2.0mm for all the cases. Energy absorbed by GLARE laminates for different energy was determined using Drop weight Impact test experimentally and analytically. The laminate and the dart were modeled by ANSYS ACP tool and the simulation was performed using LS Dyna software. It was evident that laminate can sustain impact at a velocity of 3.13m/s and beyond which leads to surface delamination. The simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental values for the absorbed energy, with less than 10% error.  2022, The Institution of Engineers (India).</text>
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                <text>Muniswamy H.K.; Nagarathnam R.M.</text>
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                <text>Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, Vol-103, No. 2, pp. 431-442.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 22502122</text>
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                <text>Muniswamy H.K., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology (SE&amp;amp;T), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India; Nagarathnam R.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, PES University, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Muniyanayaka, Devarajanayaka Kalenahalli; Kazim, Syed; Dave, K.A.; Ashfaque, M.Z.; Swaroop, Kotigari Reddi; Mukthar, K. P. Jaheer</text>
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                <text>A Study on the Impact of Brick and Mortar Stores and e-Commerce on Impulsive Buying Behaviour of Consumers</text>
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                <text>Studies in Systems, Decision and Control;Volume;659;pp.533-547</text>
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                <text>Muniyanayaka D.K., College of Business, University of Buraimi, Al Buraimi, Oman; Kazim S., Faculty of Management Studies, CMS Business School, JAIN (Deemed-to-Be University), Bengaluru, India; Dave K.A., St. Josephs College of Commerce (Autonomous), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Ashfaque M.Z., St. Josephs College of Commerce (Autonomous), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Swaroop K.R., School of Business and Management, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India; Mukthar K.P.J., Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>In the changing business landscape in retail and e-commerce, impulsive buying behaviour has played a significant role in the field of marketing and consumer psychology. The study aims to compare the impulsive buying behaviour in brick-and-mortar stores and e-commerce platforms. To execute the research, the primary data was collected through a structured questionnairethe data from collected from 300 respondents who were living in urban Bengaluru. The findings revealed that the physical stores stimulate impulsive buying through the sensory cues, through various internal promotional activities, and also through product gratification. The e-commerce also triggers impulsive buying with the help of recommendations, which are driven by algorithms, with limited-period offers, lucrative deals, discounts, and bundle offers. On the other hand, the demographic variables also have an impact on impulsive buying behavior. The research highlights the ever-evolving nature of consumer behaviour in the digital era and provides quality information that would be used as tactics to trigger impulsive buying. The research paper concludes with practical inputs for companies and marketing agencies. The research can be further extended to various other Omni-channel.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.</text>
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                <text>Consumers; e-Commerce; Impulsive buying behaviour; Store</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 21984182;</text>
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                <text>Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library</text>
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                <text>Muniyanayaka, Devarajanayaka Kalenahalli; Kolur, Vijaya Bhaskar; Kazim, Syed; Patil, Ashok; Swaroop, Kotigari Reddi; Jaheer Mukthar, K.P.</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Influence of Cause-Related Brand Partnerships on Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Decisions</text>
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                <text>Studies in Systems, Decision and Control;Volume;238;pp.415-427</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85398-2_37" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85398-2_37&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027018735?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027018735?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="277883">
                <text>Muniyanayaka D.K., College of Business, University of Buraimi, Buraimi, Oman; Kolur V.B., Acharya Bangalore B School, Bengaluru, India; Kazim S., Faculty of Management Studies, CMS Business School, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India; Patil A., Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India; Swaroop K.R., School of Business and Management, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India; Jaheer Mukthar K.P., Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>This study examines how cause-related brand partnerships influence consumer attitudes and purchase decisions. Consumers increasingly value social responsibility, so brands align with charitable causes to enhance their image and foster loyalty. The research investigates whether these partnerships lead to positive consumer perceptions, increased trust, and stronger emotional connections with the brand. By analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data, the study explores the extent to which cause-related marketing (CRM) impacts actual purchasing behavior and long-term brand loyalty. The results suggest that while CRM can improve consumer attitudes, its effectiveness depends heavily on the perceived authenticity of the brands commitment to the cause. Brands that genuinely align with causes that resonate with their target audience are more likely to see a positive impact on both consumer sentiment and purchase behavior. The findings highlight the importance of consistent and sincere engagement for brands aiming to leverage social causes for business growth.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 21984182;</text>
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