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                <text>Improved Security of the Data Communication in VANET Environment Using ASCII-ECC Algorithm</text>
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                <text>American standard code for information interchange based elliptic curve cryptography (ASCII-ECC); Authentication; Cluster head (CH); Median based K-means (MKM); Modified cockroach swarm optimization (MCSO); On-board unit (OBU); Road side units (RSUs); Trusted authority (TA); Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET)</text>
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                <text>Now-a-days, with the augmenting accident statistics, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) are turning out to be more popular, helping in prevention of accidents in addition to damage to the vehicles together with populace. In VANET, message can well be transmitted within a pre-stated region to attain systems safety and also improveits efficacy. Ensuring authenticity of messages is a challenge in such dynamic environment. Though few researchers worked on this, security level is very less. Hence enhanced communicationsecurity on the VANET environment utilizing the American Standard Code for Information Interchange centred Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ASCII-ECC) is proposedin this paper. The network design is definedinitially. Subsequently, the entire vehicles get registered to the Trusted Authority (TA); similarly, all vehicle users areregistered with their On-Board Unit (OBU). This is followed byMedian-centred K-Means (MKM) performs the cluster formation together with Cluster Head Selection (CHS). Next, TA takes care of the verification procedure. Modified Cockroach Swarm Optimization (MCSO) calculates the shortest path and the ASCII-ECC carries out the secure data communication if the vehicle is an authorized one. If not, TA sends the alert message for discarding the request. The system renders better performance when it was weighed against the top-notch methods.  2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</text>
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                <text>Wireless Personal Communications, Vol-128, No. 2, pp. 759-776.</text>
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                <text>Sajini S., Anna University, Chennai, India, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, India; Anita E.A.M., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Janet J., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India</text>
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                <text>Accurately identifying small buildings in images of collapses is essential for disaster assessment and urban planning. In the context of collapsed images, this study provides an extensive overview of the methods and approaches used for small building detection. The investigation covers developments in machine learning algorithms, their uses, and the consequences for urban development and disaster management. This work attempts to give a brief grasp of the difficulties, approaches, and potential paths in the field of small building detection from collapsed imaging through a thorough investigation of the body of existing literature.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.</text>
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                <text>Sajitha I.; Sambandam R.K.; John S.P.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-1121 LNNS, pp. 429-438.</text>
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                <text>Sajitha I., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sambandam R.K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; John S.P., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Cheruthuruthy, Kerala, Thrissur, India</text>
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                <text>Quick damage assessment is essential for starting efficient emergency response operations following natural calamities or any other kind of disasters. After a disaster, it is crucial for rescue departments to produce judgments and distribute the resources based on a fast retrieval of precise building damage status. A ground survey is used to implement traditional building assessment, and this is labor-intensive, dangerous, and time-consuming. Studies on building damage extraction over the past few decades have generally concentrated on localizing and evaluating the destructed structures, analyzing the ratio of damaged constructions, and determining the sort of destruction each construction has sustained. Recent research trends are mainly concentrated on the utilization of data collected from multiple sensors for the damage assessments of buildings. Each stage of digital image processing can be carried out in multiple ways and several novel ideas are emerging every single day. This paper reviews the various damage assessment techniques in the different steps of digital image processing.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.</text>
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                <text>Sajitha I.; Sambandam R.K.; John S.P.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-726 LNNS, pp. 863-882.</text>
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                <text>Sajitha I., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sambandam R.K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; John S.P., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Kerala, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur, India</text>
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                <text>Collision detection is a process in game development that involves checking if two or more objects have intersected or collided with each other. It is a fundamental aspect of game mechanics that cannot be overlooked. Games invloves assets/sprites, which tend to be drawn digitally with the help of a computer program. This paper discusses controlling and detecting collisions in games that make use of PNG images as game assets. The conventional way to detect collision in a game is to check if the object is within the bounding box of another object or asset. However, such a method lacks realism and doesn't work well with much complex shapes as the game might register a hit when another object collides with the transparent part of the object being checked for collision. In order to overcome these limitations, the proposed algorithm divides the entire image into smaller rectangles and stores its coordinates in an array. The array is then pruned by removing coordinates with no translucent or opaque elements. Collision is detected by checking if any of the points of the collision object is inside the image array.   2023 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Sajo P.; Gokulapriya R.; Mithun B.N.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="172792">
                <text>Proceedings of IEEE InC4 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Communications</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/InC457730.2023.10263197" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/InC457730.2023.10263197&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISBN: 979-835033577-4</text>
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                <text>Sajo P., CHRIST(Deemed) University, Dept. of Computer Science, Bengaluru, India; Gokulapriya R., CHRIST(Deemed) University, Dept. of Computer Science, Bengaluru, India; Mithun B.N., CHRIST(Deemed) University, Dept. of Computer Science, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Comprehensive Study on Sentiment Analysis: Types, Approaches, Recent Applications, Tools and APIs</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="185405">
                <text>API; NLP; Sentiment Analysis</text>
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                <text>Sentiment analysis can be considered a major application of machine learning, more particularly natural language processing (NLP). As there are varieties of applications, Sentiment analysis has gained a lot of attention and is one among the fastest growing research area in computer science. It is a type of data analysis which is observed from news reports, user reviews, feedbacks, social media updates etc. Responses are collected and analyzed by researchers. All sentiments can be classified into three categories-Positive, Negative and Neutral. The paper gives a detailed study of sentiment analysis. It explains the basics of sentiment analysis, its types, and different approaches of sentiment analysis. The recent tools and APIs along with various real world applications of sentiment analysis in various areas are also described briefly.   2020 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Saju B.; Jose S.; Antony A.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="185408">
                <text>Proceedings - 2020 Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies for High Performance Applications, ACCTHPA 2020, pp. 186-193.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="185409">
                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCTHPA49271.2020.9213209" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCTHPA49271.2020.9213209&lt;/a&gt;
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="185412">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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                <text>ISBN: 978-172816453-3</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Saju B., Christ(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, NIMIT, Computer Science Department, Pongam, India; Jose S., NIMIT, Computer Science Department, Pongam, India; Antony A., NIMIT, Computer Science Department, Pongam, India</text>
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      <name>Article</name>
      <description>Faculty Publications -Articles</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97117">
                <text>An Image Quality Selection and Effective Denoising on Retinal Images Using Hybrid Approaches</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97118">
                <text>Green Channel; Image Quality; Noise Filtering; Pre-Processing; Quality Score; Retinal Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97119">
                <text>Retinal image analysis has remained an essential topic of research in the last decades. Several algorithms and techniques have been developed for the analysis of retinal images. Most of these techniques use benchmark retinal image datasets to evaluate performance without first exploring the quality of the retinal image. Hence, the performance metrics evaluated by these approaches are uncertain. In this paper, the quality of the images is selected by utilizing the hybrid naturalness image quality evaluator and the perception-based image quality evaluator (hybrid NIQE-PIQE) approach. Here, the raw input image quality score is evaluated using the Hybrid NIQE-PIQE approach. Based on the quality score value, the deep learning convolutional neural network (DCNN) categorizes the images into low quality, medium quality and high quality images. Then the selected quality images are again pre-processed to remove the noise present in the images. The individual green channel (G-channel) is extracted from the selected quality RGB images for noise filtering. Moreover, hybrid modified histogram equalization and homomorphic filtering (Hybrid G-MHE-HF) are utilized for enhanced noise filtering. The implementation of proposed scheme is implemented on MATLAB 2021a. The performance of the implemented method is compared with the other approaches to the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F-score on DRIMDB and DRIVE datasets. The proposed schemes accuracy is 0.9774, sensitivity is 0.9562, precision is 0.99, specificity is 0.99, and F-measure is 0.9776 on the DRIMDB dataset, respectively.  2023 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97120">
                <text>Saju B.; Rajesh R.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97121">
                <text>International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, Vol-11, No. 5, pp. 170-180.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97122">
                <text>Auricle Global Society of Education and Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97123">
                <text>2023-01-01</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i5.6603" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i5.6603&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164580442&amp;amp;doi=10.17762%2Fijritcc.v11i5.6603&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=ff7951e87b79733fa46c450fd1c339a5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164580442&amp;amp;doi=10.17762%2fijritcc.v11i5.6603&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=ff7951e87b79733fa46c450fd1c339a5&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97125">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97126">
                <text>ISSN: 23218169</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97127">
                <text>Online</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97128">
                <text>English</text>
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          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97129">
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="97130">
                <text>Saju B., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Rajesh R., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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      <name>Article</name>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110110">
                <text>Eye-Vision Net: Cataract Detection and Classification in Retinal and Slit Lamp Images using Deep Network</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110111">
                <text>Aquila optimization; Be-resnet101; Cataract detection; Crnn; Dense cnn; Grade classification</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110112">
                <text>In the modern world, cataracts are the predominant cause of blindness. Early treatment and detection can reduce the number of cataract patients and prevent surgery. However, cataract grade classification is necessary to control risk and avoid blindness. Previously, various studies focused on developing a system to detect cataract type and grade. However, the existing works on cataract detection does not provide optimal results because of high detection error, lack of learning ability, computational complexity issues, etc. Therefore, the proposed work aims to develop an effective deep learning techniques for detecting and classifying cataracts from the given input samples. Here, the cataract detection and classification are performed using two phases. In order to provide an accurate cataract detection, the proposed study introduced Deep Optimized Convolutional Recurrent Network_Improved Aquila Optimization (Deep OCRN_IAO) model in phase I. Here, both retinal and slit lamp images are utilized for cataract detection. Then, the performance of these two image datasets are analysed, and the best one is chosen for cataract type and grade classification. By analysing the performance, the slit lamp images attain higher results. Therefore, phase II uses slit lamp images and detects the type and grade of cataracts through the proposed Batch Equivalence ResNet-101 (BE_ResNet101) model. The proposed classification model is highly efficient to classify the type and grades of cataracts. The experimental setup is done using MATLAB software, and the datasets used for simulation purposes are DRIMDB (Diabetic Retinopathy Images Database) and real-time slit lamp images. The proposed type and grade detection model has an accuracy of 98.87%, specificity of 99.66%, the sensitivity of 98.28%, Youden index of 95.04%, Kappa of 97.83%, and F1-score is 95.68%. The obtained results and comparative analysis proves that the proposed model is highly suitable for cataract detection and classification.  2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110113">
                <text>Saju B.; Rajesh R.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110114">
                <text>International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol-13, No. 12, pp. 211-221.</text>
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                <text>Science and Information Organization</text>
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                <text>2022-01-01</text>
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                <text> In modern world, Cataract is the predominant causative of blindness. Treatment and detection at the early stage can reduce the number of cataract sufferers and prevent surgery. Two types of images are generally used for cataract related studies- Retinal Images an Slit lamp Images. The quality of Retinal images is selected by utilizing the hybrid naturalness image quality evaluator (hybrid NIQE-PIQE) approach. Here, the raw input image quality score is and Deep newlinelearning convolutional neural network (DCNN) categorizes the images based on quality newlinescore. Then the selected quality images are again pre-processed to remove the noise present in the images. The individual green channel (G-channel) is extracted for noise filtering. Moreover, hybrid modified histogram equalization and homomorphic filtering (Hybrid GMHE-HF) is utilized for enhanced noise filtering. The Slit lamp image quality selection is done using Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) model. Further a new algorithm Normalization based Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (NCLAHE) is used for image enhancement. Images are pre-processed utilizing the wiener filtering (WF) with Convolutional neural network (CNN) with adaptive atom search optimization (CNN-AASO) for removing the noise. Further, the denoised image is enhanced by Gaussian mixture based contrast enhancement (GMCE) for contrast enhancement. The cataract detection and classification is performed using two phases. In phase I, the cataract is detected using Deep Optimized Convolutional Recurrent Network_Improved Aquila Optimization (Deep OCRN_IAO) model. Phase II uses slit lamp images and detects the type and grade of cataracts through proposed Batch Equivalence ResNet-101 (BE_ResNet101) model.This work also proposes the risk factors for cataracts and classify the cataracts risk using deep learning models. The dataset is pre-processed by missing values and the string values are converted into numeric values.</text>
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                <text>Sakshath T.N., Department of Mathematics, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, 560 059, India; Siddheshwar P.G., Centre for Mathematical Needs, Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India</text>
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                <text>Predicting the stock market has always been a challenging task and has always had a certain appeal for researchers all around the world. Stock markets are supposed to be quite random and people with experience in the market strongly agree to the fact. Thus, predicting the stock market accurately paves the way for endless money. To date, no such algorithm has been devised that could even predict the stock market with a 90% accuracy rate. The difficulty lies in the randomness of the markets, and the various complexities involved in modeling market dynamics. Nevertheless, there have been algorithms with a decent success rate and researchers around the world have been in a constant attempt to improve over them. Thus, through this paper we attempt at predicting the return of a stock over a period of 10days after a particular news was out regarding the stock using the headlines of the news and certain other features important in determining the direction of a stock. The model was implemented with a sigma score of 0.81.  2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Sakthivel S., Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tamil Nadu, T.M.Palayam, India; Reddy M.U., Ies College of Technology, Department of Computer Science &amp;amp; Engineering, M.P, Bhopal, 462044, India; Arunkumar B., Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India; Srisainath R., Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chennai, India; Ashok J., Christ University, Bangalore, India; Desai P.M., Cmr Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Medchal, 501401, India</text>
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                <text>At present, the world is witnessing a rapid change in all the fields of human civilization business interests and goals of all the sectors are changing very fast. Global changes are taking place quickly in all fields  manufacturing, service, agriculture, and external sectors. There are plenty of hurdles in the emerging technologies in agriculture in the modern days. While adopting such technologies as transparency and trust issues among stakeholders, there arises a pressurized necessity on food suppliers because it has to create sustainable systems not only addressing demandsupply disparities but also ensuring food authenticity. Recent studies have attempted to explore the potential of technologies like blockchain and practices for smart and sustainable agriculture. Besides, this well-researched work investigates how a scientific cum technological blockchain architecture addresses supply chain challenges in Precision Agriculture to take up challenges related to transparency traceability, and security. A robust registration phase, efficient authentication mechanisms, and optimized data management strategies are the key components of the proposed architecture. Through secured key exchange mechanisms and encryption techniques, client's identities are verified with inevitable complexity. The confluence of IoT and blockchain technologies that set up modern farms amplify control within supply chain networks. The practical manifestation of the researchers' novel blockchain architecture that has been executed on the Hyperledger network, exposes a clear validation using corroboration of concept. Through exhaustive experimental analyses that encompass, transaction confirmation time and scalability metrics, the proposed architecture not only demonstrates efficiency but also underscores its usability to meet the demands of contemporary Precision Agriculture systems. However, the scholarly paper based upon a comprehensive overview resolves a solution as a fruitful and impactful contribution to blockchain applications in agriculture supply chains. Copyright  2024 KSII.</text>
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                <text>Sakthivel V., School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India; Prakash P., School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India; Lee J.-W., Konkuk Aerospace Design-Airworthiness Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Prabu P., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Learning outcomes: This case study provides students/managers an opportunity to learn about the following: to infer the challenges involved in the downsizing of employees; to asses and evaluate BYJUS organizational culture; and to determine the impact of workplace toxicity. Case overview/synopsis: The focus of this case is the controversy faced by BYJUS due to its mass layoffs and toxic work culture. This case discusses the CEOs dilemma in resolving the controversy. Two rounds of mass layoffs at BYJUS are discussed in detail. The industrial dispute filed by Employees Union against BYJUS accusing it of denying due compensation to laid-off employees is also discussed. This case consists of a section explaining the toxic work culture at BYJUS, which is supported by employee complaints. The CEOs justification and apology have been illustrated in this case. The case ends with a closing dilemma and challenges faced by the CEO. Complexity academic level: The case is best suited for undergraduate students studying Human Resources Management subjects in Commerce and Business Management streams. The authors suggest that the instructor inform students to read the case before attending the 90-min session. It can be executed in the classroom after discussing the theoretical concepts. Supplementary material: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 6: Human Resource Management.  2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.</text>
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                <text>Learning outcomes: The learning outcomes of this study are as follows:1. Analyze the pricing strategy followed by Netflix in India;2. Examine the challenges faced by media companies, including over-the-top (OTT) service providers, in developing content for target consumers in emerging markets; and3. Evaluate the dynamics of the Indian OTT industry and understand the effect of external and internal factors on the growth of Netflix in India. Case overview/synopsis: This case discusses the dilemma faced by Netflix in India regarding pricing and content. Netflix was accused of hurting the religious and political sentiments of Indians by broadcasting bold shows such as Sacred Games and A Suitable Boy. Netflix is caught in a dilemma between its pursuit to achieve its target of achieving 100 million subscribers from India versus continuing its profitable high pricing strategy. Another key dilemma is regarding the streaming of attractive bold content which may occasionally hurt the religious/political sentiments of some Indians or stream only safe content which may be deemed as boring by its young target audience. Complexity academic level: Undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Marketing courses in Commerce and Business Management streams can use this case. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 8: Marketing.  2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.</text>
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