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                <text>Rhetoric as an instrument for manipulation and distortion of truth an analysis of Orwell's 1984</text>
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                <text>Doublethink; Language; Newspeak; Propaganda; Reason; Rhetoric; State; Totalitarianism</text>
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                <text>Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, points out that all individuals indulge in rhetoric to demonstrate the truth or righteousness in what one wants to say. Problems arise only when rhetoric is used to appeal to emotions, rather than reason. In the current times, when rhetoric is used by leaders for propaganda, to whip up emotions in terms of nationalism and racism, George Orwell's remark that "political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable,"6 sounds relevant. The author examines Orwell's 1984 to demonstrate how rhetoric is a powerful tool in the hands of political leaders that can control the thoughts of individuals, to the extent of reducing them to non-entities. In an era where manufacture of consent is possible, the paper highlights how the quality of rhetoric has vitiated over time and the concern that the abuse of language prevalent in fascist regimes of Hitler and Stalin is slowly creeping into democracies too. A peaceful and harmonious existence is possible only when political leaders engage in responsible rhetoric and are willing to dialogue with dissenting voices.  2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore).</text>
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                <text>Sharmila</text>
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                <text>Journal of Dharma, Vol-42, No. 1, pp. 9-28.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 2537222</text>
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                <text>Sharmila, Christ University, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Soil classification using active contour model for efficient texture feature extraction</text>
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                <text>Active contour model; Color features; Fourier transforms; Soil classification; Texture features</text>
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                <text>Precision farming is a systematic approach in agriculture that aims in improving economic and environment status of the farmers. It is achieved by having prior knowledge on soil texture, nutrient, pH and other climatic conditions. Hence this paper proposes a soil classification for crop prediction approach that uses an active contour algorithm for band estimation in Fourier domain for efficient texture feature extraction. This approach initially segments the soil sample and extracts into the color and texture features. The approach proposes a texture feature extraction where the image is initially transformed to Fourier domain of a 2D-discrete Fourier transform. The image in the Fourier domain is classified into high and low-frequency bands. The cut off frequency is decided by final contour of active contour method, where initial circular contour is used for estimating final contours on Fourier coefficients. This leads to the estimation of an irregular-shaped cut off frequency along with the 2D Fourier coefficients, instead of using a circular-shaped cut off frequency. A local binary pattern (LBP) from the high-frequency band image extracts texture feature. The extracted texture and color features are trained using a fully connected network. Active contour-based proposed model was evaluated by metrics F1-score, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision on soil datasets of Kaggle and IRSID. The accuracy, F1-score, specificity, precision, and sensitivity of proposed approach active contour-based were estimated as 97.89%, 97.87%, 99.46%, 98.11 and 97.94% respectively when evaluated in the Kaggle dataset. The evaluation results of proposed active contour model based soil classification outperform other traditional approaches. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.</text>
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                <text>Sharmila G.; Rajamohan K.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore), Vol-15, No. 7, pp. 3791-3805.</text>
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                <text>Springer Science and Business Media B.V.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01404-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01404-6&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168137188&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs41870-023-01404-6&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=f118ab7aa3c2cfb0b55c11eaa2983c7e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168137188&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2fs41870-023-01404-6&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=f118ab7aa3c2cfb0b55c11eaa2983c7e&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 25112104 | CS; 2023-2024; Vol-1; 00215-00220</text>
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                <text>Sharmila G., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Rajamohan K., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>A Systematic Literature Review on Image Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Techniques in Precision Agriculture</text>
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                <text>Computer vision; Feature extraction; Image preprocessing; Precision agriculture; Soil pH and soil nutrition</text>
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                <text>Revolutions in information technology have been helping agriculturists to increase the productivity of the cultivation. Many techniques exist for farming, but precision agriculture (PAg) is one technique that has gained popularity and has become a valuable tool for agriculture. Nowadays, farmers find it difficult to get expert advice regarding crops on time. As a solution, image processing techniques (IPTs) embedded PAg applications are developed to support farmers for the benefit of agriculture. In recent years, IPT has contributed a lot to provide a significant solution in PAg. This systematic review provides an understanding on preprocessing and feature extraction in PAg applications along with limitations. Preprocessing and feature extraction are the major steps of any application using IPTs. This study gives an overall view of the different preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods proposed by the researchers for PAg.  2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Sharmila G.; Rajamohan K.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, Vol-114, pp. 333-354.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 23674512</text>
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                <text>Sharmila G., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Rajamohan K., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Digital Soil Texture Classification Using Machine Learning Approaches</text>
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                <text>Feature extraction; Image processing; Neural network; Soil texture classification; Support vector machines</text>
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                <text>The texture of the soil is an important factor to consider during cultivation. The water transmission property is being regulated by the texture of the soil. To determine sand, silt and clays percentage present in a soil sample, a conventional laboratory method is used, which consumes more time. Digitization in agriculture has given a new direction of innovative research in agriculture domain. In this paper, based on image processing an efficient model has been developed for soil texture classification. Eight different image preprocessing techniques were used for the image enhancement. Out of that, the linear contrast adjustment found to be best in image enhancement. A feature vector was calculated by extracting six different features from the enhanced image. The feature vector of an image is input to the machine learning classifier. The various classifiers used in this research work are SVM, KNN, ANN and PNN. The accuracy of the classifiers was SVM (0.98), KNN (0.89), ANN (0.89) and PNN (0.86). From the result, it is found SVM model has higher rate in classification of soil.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.</text>
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                <text>Precision agriculture is a novel approach to increase the productivity of crops that employs recent technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, WSN, cloud computing, Machine Learning, and IoT. This paper reviews the development of different techniques effectively used in precision agriculture. The paper details the technological impact on precision agriculture followed by the different image processing schemes such as Satellite imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The role of precision agriculture is disease detection, weed detection from UAV images, and detection of trees and contaminated soils from satellite imagery is discussed. It reviews the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) namely machine learning &amp;amp;deep learning in precision agriculture. The performance of the recent image processing schemes in precision agriculture is analyzed. The paper also discusses the challenges that exist in implementing the precision agriculture system.   2022 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Sharmila G., Department of Computer Science CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India; Rajamohan K., Department of Computer Science CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India</text>
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                <text>An empirical study on the clients perspective in decision making with regard to lawyer selection for trial courts: Does grey hair matter?</text>
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                <text>In higher courts, statutory interpretation and persuasion of the court with new perspectives on legal principles are critical. Whereas, the main focus of the subordinate courts is on evidential underpinnings. Hence, the lawyers in all courts are an indispensable part of the judicial process and play a seminal role in the dispensation of justice. The existing literature demonstrates that engaging a senior lawyer increases the chances of winning cases. However, young lawyers today make their mark by establishing their own offices, succeeding in the profession, while some remain the dark horses of their incumbent seniors. Against this backdrop, the authors explore the clients perception of the lawyer selection process and the significance of lawyers age using a mixed methods approach. The data for this study was gathered from trial court clients using a convenient sampling method. The qualitative data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with clients. Interviews were analysed at a thematic level and broad themes were identified and used as constructs for a quantitative survey questionnaire. The quantitative data were analysed through Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and factor analysis. The study determined that lawyers efficiency is a key factor considered by trial court clients in selecting their lawyers. The results also revealed that there exists a significant positive correlation between the age of the lawyer and the clients decision making when choosing their lawyers. In the end, the implications of the findings are discussed.  2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU).</text>
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                <text>Sharmila H.S.; Jain S.A.</text>
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                <text>Jindal Global Law Review, Vol-13, No. 2, pp. 277-305.</text>
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                <text>All Open Access; Bronze Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 9752498</text>
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                <text>Sharmila H.S., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Jain S.A., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Orhan pamuks the white castle as a text on secular discourse</text>
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                <text>The impact of religious thought and practice on literature and culture was very evident till the latter part of the nineteenth century. But with the publication of Darwins Origin of Species, voices of dissent were heard from the scientific and literary world. Writers strongly felt that the objective of literature was not to be dogmatic, but to provide the necessary ingredients that would contribute to a healthy and secular society. The emergence of postmodernism saw religion once again taking center stage. This paper seeks to understand what secularism is, and the evolution in meaning this term has undergone over the ages. In this process, the theories and ideas of religious and political thinkers are examined to understand the essence of the term secularism. In an era when religious fundamentalism is on the rise and literature is censured on religious or cultural grounds, the paper analyzes Orhan Pamuks The White Castle and concludes with the contention that the text can definitely be a source of secular discourse (which indeed is the essence of religious texts) that nations can emulate, contrary to the idea of narrow secular nationalism currently being propagated by States.  IUP Publications. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>IUP Journal of English Studies, Vol-15, No. 4, pp. 103-115.</text>
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                <text>Sharmila N., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Large losses in output, money, and quality/quantity of agricultural goods are incurred due to plant diseases. Seventy percent of India's GDP is tied to the agricultural sector, thus protecting plants from diseases is crucial. For this reason, it is important to keep an eye on plants from the moment they sprout. The usual approach for this omission is naked eye inspection, which is more time-consuming, costly, and requires significant skill. Thus, automating the method for detecting diseases is necessary to speed up this process. It is imperative that image processing methods be used in the creation of the illness detection system. Disease detection involves a number of processes, including Weighted Mask R-CNN, GLCM feature extraction, Multi-thresholding image pre-processing, and K means image segmentation classification. The weighted Mask R-CNN outperforms the standard RNN, the Mask R-CNN, and the CNN in terms of accuracy and recall in analytical trials by a significant margin.  2023 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>In these studies, we introduce a unique protection framework for the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with cloud computing, aimed closer to enhancing statistics-centric programs consisting of far-flung healthcare structures. The framework's cornerstone is a robust, bendy safety version that ensures immoderate-degree information confidentiality, integrity, and terrific-grained get proper of access to control, addressing the important protection demanding situations in WSN-Cloud integration. By the use of a hybrid encryption mechanism that mixes the strengths of symmetric and uneven encryption techniques, our method gives a entire safety answer that protects information during transmission and garage. Furthermore, the version includes an efficient key manipulate gadget, facilitating the dynamic era and relaxed distribution of encryption keys. This contemporary framework is designed to mitigate common safety threats, such as Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, even as preserving the overall performance and standard performance of the blanketed gadget. Our research offers a massive contribution to securing statistics-centric packages in WSN-Cloud ecosystems, making sure dependable and comfortable facts verbal exchange and get right of entry to for a way off healthcare programs and past.  2024 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Sharon Sophia J., Christ (Deemed to Be) University, School of Business and Management, Bangalore Yeshwanthpur Campus, India; Thakur G., Uttaranchal University, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Dehradun, 248007, India; Kapoor M., Chitkara University, Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Punjab, Rajpura, 140401, India; Bhanu S., Cmr College of Engineering &amp;amp; Technology, Department of CSE(AI&amp;amp;ML), India; Shnain A.H., The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Bhavya K., N.M.A.M Institute of Technology (Nitte Deemed to Be University), Department of Mathematics, Nitte, India</text>
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                <text>The surge in demand for sustainable transportation has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Despite their benefits, EVs face challenges such as limited driving range and frequent recharging needs. Addressing these issues, innovative energy optimization techniques have emerged, prominently featuring machine learning-driven solutions. This paper reviews work in the areas of Smart EV energy optimization systems that leverage machine learning to analyse historical driving data. By understanding driving patterns, road conditions, weather, and traffic, these systems can predict and optimize EV energy consumption, thereby minimizing waste and extending driving range. Concurrently, renewable microgrids present a promising avenue for bolstering power system security, reliability, and operation. Incorporating diverse renewable sources, these microgrids play a pivotal role in curbing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing efficiency. The review also delves into machine learning-based energy management in renewable microgrids with a focus on reconfigurable structures. Advanced techniques, such as support vector machines, are employed to model and estimate the charging demand of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Through strategic charging scenarios and innovative optimization methods, these approaches demonstrate significant improvements in microgrid operation costs and charging demand prediction accuracy.  The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024.</text>
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                <text>E3S Web of Conferences, Vol-540</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="161238">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>Sharon Sophia J., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Bangalore Yeshwantpur Campus, India; Winster Praveenraj D.D., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Bangalore Yeshwantpur Campus, India; Al-Attabi K., The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Bijlwan S., Department of Computing Sciences, Uttaranchal School of Computing Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Nagar M., Department of Computer Science &amp;amp; Engineering, IES College of Technology, IES University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, 462044, India; Ikhar S., Yashika Journal Publications Pvt Ltd, Wardha, India</text>
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                <text>Online education in India has witnessed a shift due to the ongoing pandemic, compelling the Indian education sector to adapt to new advancements. The study's main purpose has been to find the relationship between the support systems of institutions, teachers support and students, leading to instructors' satisfaction. It further analyses the mediating role of educators' confidence in linking support systems and leading to teachers' satisfaction. The sample for our research consisted of 129 teachers from Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). We found that there is a significant relationship between support systems and teacher satisfaction. Among the three support systems, institutions support had a significant influence. On the other hand, teachers' confidence had a partially mediating effect on their satisfaction, even though they could translate to higher effectiveness in online teaching. Further, this study inferred that educational institutions are quick to adapt to online teaching due to the ongoing pandemic.  Copyright  2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Sharon Valarmathi B.; Tantia V.; Kareem J.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Management in Education, Vol-16, No. 2, pp. 153-174.</text>
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                <text>Sharon Valarmathi B., School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Tantia V., School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kareem J., School of Education, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Green synthesis of zirconium phosphate by combustion method: photocatalytic application and microwave-assisted catalytic conversion of aldehyde to nitriles</text>
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                <text>aldehydes; Combustion; nitriles; photocatalytic degradation</text>
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                <text>Water pollution has increased swiftly, especially the dyes from industries that have disturbed aquatic eco-system. Photocatalytic degradation (PCD) is one of the attractive methods to eliminate dyes from industrial effluents. Zirconium phosphate (ZP) nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion method using zirconyl nitrate and phosphorous pentoxide as precursors. The obtained ZP was characterized by powder X-ray diffractogram, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, BrunauerEmmettTeller surface area. PCD was carried out using methylene blue as a model pollutant in aqueous medium in the presence of UV light irradiation with different concentrations of dye, catalyst and pH. Higher degradation efficiency was observed in basic medium. ZP is employed as a catalyst to form nitrides from aldehydes using different solvents with different aldehydes. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].  2021, Indian Academy of Sciences.</text>
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                <text>Shashank M.; Bhojya Naik H.S.; Shashikanth J.; Nizam A.; Nagaraju G.</text>
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                <text>Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol-44, No. 4</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="114762">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 2504707; CODEN: BUMSD</text>
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                <text>Shashank M., Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaragatta, 577451, India; Bhojya Naik H.S., Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaragatta, 577451, India; Shashikanth J., Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, 572 103, India; Nizam A., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Nagaraju G., Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, 572 103, India</text>
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                  <text>Thesis</text>
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      <name>PhD</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18885">
                <text>Investigations on the design performance and effect of feed mechanisms defected ground structures and metamaterials for optimized microstrip antenna array</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Electronics and Communication Engineering</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D - 1560081</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18888">
                <text>CHRIST (Deemed to be University)</text>
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                <text>2023-10-26</text>
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                <text>High Gain Miniature Antenna Arrays for 2.4 GHz Applications</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="165200">
                <text>Corporate Feed; high directivity; high gain; inset feed; Microstrip Antenna Array; Miniature</text>
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                <text>In this paper, miniature corporate feed Four Element Array (FEA), Eight Element Array (EEA) and Sixteen Element Array (SEA) are presented. The proposed antenna arrays are created on Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate with permittivity 2.2 and thickness of 0.782 mm. Initially, a single element antenna was created, then it was used in a corporate feed network designed for the 4-element array. As an extension, the 4-element array was used as a template and created an 8-element array and 16-element array to achieve high gain and directivity at 2.4 GHz. The proposed FEA, EEA, and SEA exhibit reflection coefficients of -25.55 dB, -37.14 dB, and -30.61 dB respectively. The peak gains obtained are 11.5 dB, 13.67 dB, and 16.76 dB respectively for FEA, EEA, and SEA. Also, the directivity has improved corresponding to the increase in the number of elements. Therefore, it can be a suitable candidate for applicationswhere extended range and coverage with better signal quality and higher data transfer rates is a priority.   2024 IEEE.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="165202">
                <text>Shashi Kumar D.; Nagaraj S.; Suganthi S.; Rachamadugu R.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="165203">
                <text>Proceedings of InC4 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Communications</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="165205">
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/InC460750.2024.10649304" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/InC460750.2024.10649304&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203833558&amp;amp;doi=10.1109%2FInC460750.2024.10649304&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=d69defa84aed98c4972df034bfb94e34" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203833558&amp;amp;doi=10.1109%2fInC460750.2024.10649304&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=d69defa84aed98c4972df034bfb94e34&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D., Christ University, Department of ECE, Bengaluru, India; Nagaraj S., Christ University, Department of ECE, Bengaluru, India; Suganthi S., Christ University, Department of ECE, Bengaluru, India; Rachamadugu R., Christ University, Department of ECE, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Antenna Array Miniaturization using a Defected Ground Structure</text>
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                <text>Defected ground structure; Double negative material; Metamaterial; Miniaturized antenna</text>
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                <text>A novel Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is proposed to miniaturize a 2 Modified Corporate Feed Planar Antenna Array (M-CFPA) with a modified corporate feeding network. The DGS altered the surface current distribution and shifted the resonance frequency to the lower side. After running a parametric sweep of length and width of the patch antenna element, achieved the miniaturized antenna array resonating at 2.4 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna array is designed using Rogers/RT Duroid 5,880 (2.2) substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The overall dimensions of the proposed Planar Array with DGS (PA-DGS) is 25.2723 % lesser than M-CFPA. The M-CFPA has a peak gain of 11.53 dB with a-10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 118 MHz. The proposed PA-DGS array exhibits a peak gain of 9.51 dB with 100 MHz-10 dB bandwidth.  2022, Walailak University. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D.; Suganthi S.</text>
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                <text>Trends in Sciences, Vol-19, No. 13</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4634" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4634&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 27740226</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D., RF and Microwave Research Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Christ University, Bengaluru, 560074, India; Suganthi S., RF and Microwave Research Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Christ University, Bengaluru, 560074, India</text>
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                <text>This paper investigates the design and implementation of a novel hybrid metamaterial unit cell to improve a beamforming Wi-Fi antenna's performance. The proposed metamaterial unit cell is created on an FR-4 substrate (?? = 4.4) and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The metallization height of the unit cell is maintained at 0.035 mm. The designed metamaterial unit cell is simulated using HFSS Ver. 18.2 to verify the double negative behaviour. The unit cell consists of five Split Ring Resonators (SRR's) at the bottom and a hexagonal ring of six triangles. Initially, a conventional inset fed microstrip patch antenna is designed then an array of the proposed unit cell is created and used as a superstrate to study the performance. A Three Element Antenna Array (TEAA) is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band, and the superstrate created out of the proposed unit cell is used to study its effect. Metamaterial superstrate improved the conventional Single Element Antenna (SEA) gain by approximately 2 dB. Superstrate with TEAA exhibited an improved gain of 1 dB over TEAA.  Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D.; Suganthi S.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol-1921, No. 1</text>
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                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 17426588</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D., RF and Microwave Research Laboratory, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India; Suganthi S., RF and Microwave Research Laboratory, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186098">
                <text>Gain and bandwidth enhancement by optimizing four elements corporate-fed microstrip array for 2.4GHz applications</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="186099">
                <text>Corporate fed; Microstrip array; Rectangular patch; Return loss; VSWR</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="186100">
                <text>This paper presents the performance analysis of an optimized corporate-fed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Array of four elements and Rectangular Microstrip Antenna array with Semi-Circular Tabs on the nonradiating edges of each element of the array to operate at 2.4 GHz, with detailed steps of the design process. The proposed antenna structures have been designed using FR4 dielectric substrate having a permittivity ?r of 4.4 with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The simulations have been carried out by using Antenna simulator HFSS version 15.0.0 and performance was analyzed for gain, bandwidth, VSWR, return loss and radiation pattern. The gain of these simulated antenna arrays is 2.4381 dB, 8.2684 dB and 8.5621 dB with a return loss of ?22.4123 dB, ?14.1095 dB and ?15.7621 dB for Single-Element patch, conventional Rectangular Microstrip array and Rectangular Microstrip Antenna array with semicircular tabs respectively at 2.4 GHz. Bandwidths exhibited by Single-Element patch, RMSACT and RMSA are 59.8 MHz, 83.9 MHz, and 212.7 MHz, respectively.  2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186101">
                <text>Shashi Kumar D.; Suganthi S.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="186102">
                <text>Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol-546, pp. 215-222.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186103">
                <text>Springer Verlag</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186104">
                <text>2020-01-01</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6159-3_23" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6159-3_23&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064848505&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2F978-981-13-6159-3_23&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=a3d0866d30053c90c946d28b3896568a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064848505&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2f978-981-13-6159-3_23&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=a3d0866d30053c90c946d28b3896568a&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186106">
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                <text>ISSN: 18761100; ISBN: 978-981136158-6</text>
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                <text>Shashi Kumar D., Department of ECE, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Suganthi S., Department of ECE, Christ University, Bangalore, India</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186860">
                <text>Miniaturization of Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Gain Using Defected Ground Structures</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="186861">
                <text>CSRR; Defected Ground Structures; DGS; Multiband; RMSA; SRR</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="186862">
                <text>The rapid advancement and growth in the wireless technology demands miniaturized communication equipment's. Microstrip antennas attracted many researchers over the past decades because of its various features like small in size, light weight, low cost and conformability. These antennas can operate at high frequencies and multiple bands with high gain and larger bandwidths if suitably designed. This work presents a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMSA)performance improvement using defected Ground Structures (DGS). The simulation results revealed that the creation of Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)and Phi as a defect in the ground of proposed antenna has improved its gain. Introduction of DGS improved the gain by 27% and reduced the size by approximately 3.35%. Proposed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground (RMSA-DGS)exhibits gain of 3 dB at 2.4 GHz with S11 response of -30.44 dB. In addition to this the antenna also shows one more resonance at 4.66 GHz with S11 of -14.29 dB and gain of -1.24 dB. RMSA-DGS has an overall dimension of 37.2 47.23 mm2.  2019 IEEE.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186863">
                <text>Shashi Kumar D.; Suganthi S.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186864">
                <text>2019 International Conference on Data Science and Communication, IconDSC 2019</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="186865">
                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2019-01-01</text>
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                <text>Shashidhar Y.J., School of Business and Management, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Sujay C., Faculty of Management and Commerce, PES University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Saiprasad D., Department of Commerce, Government First Grade College, Karnataka, Thyamagondlu, India; Manjunatha G., Department of Commerce, St. Claret College, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Druvakumar M., Department of Commerce, Kristu Jayanti College, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Jagadeesha G.T., Department of Business Administration, Seshadripuram College, Karnataka, Tumakuru, India</text>
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                <text>This study investigates financial markets in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 2003 to 2023. It examines mean returns, volatility, skewness, and kurtosis, assessing normality and data stationarity. ARCH-GARCH models uncover conditional heteroskedasticity and volatility clustering. It also explores mean reversion and momentum effects in the Nifty and MOEX indices. Findings show negative, near-zero mean returns, except for SSEC, which is modestly positive. Serial correlation suggests past values impact current returns. Volatility varies, with MOEX and SSEC having higher levels. ARCH-GARCH models indicate volatility clustering and non-normal return distributions. Mean reversion and momentum effects are identified in Nifty and MOEX, benefiting investors, financial institutions, and policymakers. This research informs investment strategies, risk management, and financial forecasts in BRICS economies, contributing to the understanding of the global financial landscape and potential contagion effects.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.</text>
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                <text>Shashidhar Yadav J., Department of Commerce, MLA Academy of Higher Learning, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India, School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Dhaku C.R., Department of Commerce, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India, School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Bhat S.R., Department of Commerce, MLA Academy of Higher Learning, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India, School of Commerce and Management, Alliance Ascent College, Bangalore, India; Jagadeesha G.T., Department of Commerce, Seshadripuram College, Karnataka, Tumakuru, India; Manjunatha G., Department of Commerce, St. Claret College, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Druvakumar M., Department of Commerce, Kristu Jayanti College, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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