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                <text>Lung cancer detection using image processing techniques</text>
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                <text>Binarization Approach (BA); Feature Extraction; Gabor Filter (GF); MRI Images; Thresholding Approach (TA)</text>
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                <text>Lung cancer is one of the hazardous disease which leads to high death rates in the world. A cancer is an irregular growth of cells that can be characteristically derived from a single irregular cell and that may spread to whole part of the lung. So, it is necessary to find it at the earlier stages and take basic steps to cure.CT scan is one of the sensitive method used in the medical field for treating the patients. The quality of the image is very important for detection of lung cancer. Pre-processing of an image is a necessary process, as there is a difficulty in detecting cancer cells in an image due to the presence of noise and low-quality of images. To reduce the volume of these problems, diagnosis of lung cancer steps like image enhancement, image segmentation, feature extraction methods can be used. For processing and implementation of these methods Matlab tool has been used. This paper focuses on improving the quality of image and to optimise the work. Implementation is done using image processing toolbox that is available in Matlab tool.The whole idea of this research is to show the improved work in the existing system and to get more agreeable results.  RJPT All right reserved.</text>
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                <text>Sindhu Priya S.; Ramamurthy B.</text>
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                <text>Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol-11, No. 5, pp. 2045-2049.</text>
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                <text>Sindhu Priya S., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be university), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, India; Ramamurthy B., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be university), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Lung Cancer Diagnosis from CT Images Based on Local Energy Based Shape Histogram (LESH) Feature Extration and Pre-processing</text>
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                <text>Lung cancer as of now is one of the dreaded diseases and it is destroying humanity never before. The mechanism of detecting the lung cancer will bring the level down of mortality and increase the life expectancy accuracy 13% from the detected cancer diagnosis from 24% of all cancer deaths. Although various methods are adopted to find the cancer, still there is a scope for improvement and the CT images are still preferred to find if there is any cancer in the body. The medical images are always a better one to find with the cancer in the human body. The proposed idea is, how we can improve the quality of the diagnosis form using pre-processing methods and Local energy shape histogram to improve the quality of the images. The deep learning methods are imported to find the varied results from the training process and finally to analyse the result. Medical examination is always part of our research and this result is always verified by the technicians. Major pre-processing techniques are used in this research work and they are discussed in this paper. The LESH technique is used to get better result in this research work and we will discuss how the image manipulation can be done to achieve better results from the CT images through various image processing methods. The construction of the proposed method will include smoothing of the images with median filters, enhancement of the image and finally segmentation of the images with LESH techniques.  2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Dominic D.; Balachandran K.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol-698, pp. 713-720.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 18761100; ISBN: 978-981157960-8</text>
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                <text>Dominic D., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Balachandran K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Lung cancer prediction with advanced graph neural networks</text>
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                <text>This research aims to enhance lung cancer prediction using advanced machine learning techniques. The major finding is that integrating graph convolutional networks (GCNs) with graph attention networks (GATs) significantly improves predictive accuracy. The problem addressed is the need for early and accurate detection of lung cancer, leveraging a dataset from Kaggle's "Lung Cancer Prediction Dataset," which includes 309 instances and 16 attributes. The proposed A-GCN with GAT model is meticulously engineered with multiple layers and hidden units, optimized through hyperparameter adjustments, early stopping mechanisms, and Adam optimization techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the model's superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.9454, precision of 0.9213, recall of 0.9743, and an F1 score of 0.9482. These findings highlight the model's efficacy in capturing intricate patterns within patient data, facilitating early interventions and personalized treatment plans. This research underscores the potential of graph-based methodologies in medical research, particularly for lung cancer prediction, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and survival rates through proactive healthcare interventions.  2025 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol-37, No. 2, pp. 1077-1084.</text>
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                <text>Moozhippurath B., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Kengeri Campus, Bangalore, India; Natarajan J., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Kengeri Campus, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Moozhippurath B., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Kengeri Campus, Bangalore, India; Natarajan J., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Kengeri Campus, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>This research aims to enhance lung cancer prediction using advanced machine learning techniques. The major finding is that integrating graph convolutional networks (GCNs) with graph attention networks (GATs) significantly improves predictive accuracy. The problem addressed is the need for early and accurate detection of lung cancer, leveraging a dataset from Kaggle's "Lung Cancer Prediction Dataset," which includes 309 instances and 16 attributes. The proposed A-GCN with GAT model is meticulously engineered with multiple layers and hidden units, optimized through hyperparameter adjustments, early stopping mechanisms, and Adam optimization techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the model's superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.9454, precision of 0.9213, recall of 0.9743, and an F1 score of 0.9482. These findings highlight the model's efficacy in capturing intricate patterns within patient data, facilitating early interventions and personalized treatment plans. This research underscores the potential of graph-based methodologies in medical research, particularly for lung cancer prediction, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and survival rates through proactive healthcare interventions.  2025 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>This research work is based on the various experiments performed for the detection of lung tuberculosis using various methods like filtering, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The results obtained from these experiments are discussed in this paper. Lung tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that causes more deaths in the world than any other infectious disease. Two billion people are infected with tuberculosis all around the world. Lung tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Tubercle bacillus. This research work strives to identify methods by which patients, who require second opinion for an already identified result, can save a lot of money. Once we receive X-ray image an input, pre-processing methods like Gaussian filter, median filter is applied. These filters help to remove unwanted noise and aid to get fine textural features. The output obtained from this is taken as an input and applied to water shed segmentation and gray level segmentation which helps to focus on the lung area of the obtained results. Output from these segmentation methods is fused to get a Region of Interest (ROI). From the ROI, the statistical features like area, major axis, minor axis, eccentricity, mean, kurtosis, skewness and entropy are extracted. Finally, we use KNN, Sequential minimal optimization (SMO), simple linear regression classification methods to detect lung tuberculosis. The results obtained in this paper suggests KNN classifier performs well than the other two classifiers.  Research India Publications.</text>
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                <text>Antony B.; Nizar Banu P.K.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol-12, No. 24, pp. 15196-15201.</text>
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                <text>Antony B., Department of Computer Science, Christ deemed to be University, Hosur Road, Bhavani Nagar, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India; Nizar Banu P.K., Department of Computer Science, Christ deemed to be University, Hosur Road, Bhavani Nagar, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India</text>
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                <text>Sahu, Premananda; Kumar, Ashwani; Singh, Mahesh; Jain, Rituraj; Upreti, Kamal; Parashar, Jyoti</text>
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                <text>LungDxNet: AI-Powered Low-Dose CT Analysis for Early Lung Cancer Detection</text>
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                <text>Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences;Volume;8;Issue;2;pp.184-197</text>
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                <text>Sahu P., Lovely Professional University, School of CSE, Punjab, Jalandhar, India; Kumar A., Bennett University, School of Computer Science Engineering &amp;amp; Technology, UP, Greater Noida, India; Singh M., Aditya University, Department of ECE, Surampalem, India; Jain R., Marwadi University, Department of Information Technology, Gujarat, Rajkot, India; Upreti K., Christ University, Department of Computer Science, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India; Parashar J., Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications &amp;amp; Management, Department of Computer Application, Delhi, India</text>
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                <text>Early and accurate diagnosis, however, is still lacking for the most common form of lung cancer, and this remains one of the leading cancers leading to mortality. CT scans are widely used for lung cancer screening; however, their manual interpretation is time-consuming and prone to variability. This study introduces LungDxNet, a deep learning-based framework that integrates transfer learning to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Using a large dataset of Low Dose CT (LDCT) scans, the system is built with fine-tuned pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) such that feature extraction is reliable though minimal reducing radiation exposure. Consequently, LungDxNet involves the integration of component segmentation techniques that have been used to isolate the lung regions and discriminate the cancerous nodules from the malignant and benign cases. Very rigorous evaluations were performed on the model against both conventional machine learning and state of the art deep learning architectures. Results show that there is a substantial reduction of false positive and false negative resulting in a superior accuracy (98.88), sensitivity, and specificity. This design is to be scaled, robust and clinically applicable, making it a potential real world lung cancer diagnosis tool. Deep learning and transfer learning has excellent power to transform lung cancer detection, and this research brings awareness of how far we can optimise and integrate into clinical workflow. The model is enhanced for future work and adapted for real time diagnostic applications.  2025, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Luxury consumption: The decision process</text>
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                <text>Effective Marketing and Consumer Behavior Tactics for High-End Products;pp.167-200</text>
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                <text>Singha R., Christ University, India; Singha S., Kristu Jayanti College, India; Haokip A.D., Don Bosco College, Maram, India; Sreethi R.R., Christ University, India; Thomas R., Christ University, India</text>
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                <text>This chapter explores the luxury consumer decision process, highlighting the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence luxury purchases. Consumers are driven by emotional and social motivations, such as self-expression and status, which shape their buying behaviors. Social and cultural differences require marketers to adapt strategies to diverse regional preferences. As digital technologies transform the luxury market, brands face the challenge of maintaining exclusivity while embracing e-commerce, social media, and influencer marketing. To remain competitive, luxury brands must leverage psychological insights and digital tools to create personalized, engaging experiences. The future of luxury consumption will depend on brands' ability to build meaningful connections with consumers, fostering loyalty and ensuring long-term success in an evolving market landscape.  2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>The present experimental study seeking to identify the optimal processing parameters in WEDM of Mg AZ61A-ZrB2 composite using Taguchi integrated grey relational analysis (GRA). Wire-cut electric discharge machining (WEDM) is the most effective method of metal removing process which is utilized in a variety of industries, like defence, biomedical, automotive, and aerospace. It is widely used in the machining of conductive and hard materials like composites and super alloys. In this experiment, the Mg AZ61A alloy composite reinforced with 12 wt% ZrB2 particles was fabricated through stir casting method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping ensured the presence of matrix elements and reinforcement in the developed composite. The material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) were examined with relation to the processing factors such as pulse current (Ip), pulse on-time (Ton), and pulse off-time (Toff). The machining was conducted in compliance with Taguchi's L9 array. According to the GRA results, the optimal ranges of factors for achieving the better MRR and Ra were found at 4 amps of Ip, 15 ?s of Ton, and 45 ?s of Toff. The ANOVA results confirm that Ip was the most dominating factor that contributing to 37.58 %, next by Ton (30.96 %) and Toff (12.85 %), respectively. The confirmation test was demonstrated that the actual and predicted GRG values are fairly close to one another with 13.36 % improvement. The morphology of the machined surface was examined and it was shows the formation of a recast layer and the existence of flaws.  2025 The Authors</text>
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                <text>ANOVA; AZ61A Mg alloy; Grey relational analysis; Stir casting; Wire EDM; ZrB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</text>
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                <text>Machine intelligence security : A methodological blend of fuzzy logic in industry 4.0 algorithms</text>
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                <text>The way things are made has changed a lot because of Industry 4.0. It has also led to a time with great technology and relationships. The paper discusses way to improve security in Machine Intelligence in the setting of Industry 4.0. The study uses a mix of methods to combine Fuzzy Logic with cutting-edge Industry 4.0 algorithms in order to deal with new hacking problems. Because fuzzy logic can deal with doubt and imprecision, it can be used to make current methods more reliable. This creates a complex and flexible security structure. The merger was carefully planned to make the methods for finding anomalies, reducing threats, and responding to incidents work better. The suggested method aims to make machine intelligence systems more resistant to complex cyber dangers by combining the best parts of Fuzzy Logic with Industry 4.0 algorithms. This study adds to the growing conversation about how to keep smart factory settings safe by focusing on a proactive and dynamic security model. The effects of this mix of methods could be felt in many different industries, making it possible to use advanced technologies in a safer and more reliable way in the age of Industry 4.0.  2024, Taru Publications. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Srilatha P.; Bendale S.P.; Singh M.; Chakole N.; Dhote G.M.; Shelke N.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, Vol-27, No. 2, pp. 689-701.</text>
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                <text>Srilatha P., Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Telangana, Hyderabad, India; Bendale S.P., Department of Computer Engineering, NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Singh M., School of Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Chakole N., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Maharashtra, Nagpur, India; Dhote G.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan of Engineering, Maharashtra, Nagpur, India; Shelke N., Department of Computer Science &amp;amp; Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Nagpur Campus, Maharashtra, Pune, India</text>
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                <text>Machine Intelligence: Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing</text>
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                <text>Machines are being systematically empowered to be interactive and intelligent in their operations, offerings. and outputs. There are pioneering Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and tools. Machine and Deep Learning (ML/DL) algorithms, along with their enabling frameworks, libraries, and specialized accelerators, find particularly useful applications in computer and machine vision, human machine interfaces (HMIs), and intelligent machines. Machines that can see and perceive can bring forth deeper and decisive acceleration, automation, and augmentation capabilities to businesses as well as people in their everyday assignments. Machine vision is becoming a reality because of advancements in the computer vision and device instrumentation spaces. Machines are increasingly software-defined. That is, vision-enabling software and hardware modules are being embedded in new-generation machines to be self-, surroundings, and situation-aware. Machine Intelligence emphasizes computer vision and natural language processing as drivers of advances in machine intelligence. The book examines these technologies from the algorithmic level to the applications level. It also examines the integrative technologies enabling intelligent applications in business and industry. Features:  Motion images object detection over voice using deep learning algorithms  Ubiquitous computing and augmented reality in HCI  Learning and reasoning in Artificial Intelligence  Economic sustainability, mindfulness, and diversity in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning  Streaming analytics for healthcare and retail domains Covering established and emerging technologies in machine vision, the book focuses on recent and novel applications and discusses state-of-the-art technologies and tools.  2024 Taylor &amp;amp; Francis Group, LLC.</text>
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                <text>Raj P.; Soundarabai P.B.; Augustine D.P.</text>
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                <text>Machine Intelligence: Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing, pp. 1-318.</text>
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                <text>Raj P., Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd., Bangalore, India; Soundarabai P.B., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Augustine D.P., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore, India</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="274853">
                <text>Chandra, Akkaraju Sailesh; Iyer, Lakshmi Shankar; Helen Josephine, V.L.; Shankar, Nisha</text>
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                <text>Machine Learning Algorithms for Optimizing Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations</text>
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                <text>2025 IEEE 5th International Conference on ICT in Business Industry and Government, ICTBIG 2025;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTBIG68706.2025.11323619" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTBIG68706.2025.11323619&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032887390?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032887390?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Chandra A.S., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), India; Iyer L.S., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), India; Helen Josephine V.L., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), India; Shankar N., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), India</text>
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                <text>This research investigates the integration of machine learning algorithms within blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) to enhance operational efficiency, resource allocation, decision-making, and governance. While DAOs provide a transparent and trustless mechanism for digital collaboration, they face challenges related to scalability, bias, data privacy, and coordination. We propose a novel framework that leverages supervises learning models for predictive analytics, reinforcement learning for autonomous decision-making, and unsupervised learning for anomaly detection in DAO voting and resource usage patterns. The study also addresses security and privacy risks by incorporating federated learning and homomorphic encryption. Our proposed model demonstrates improved throughput, decision accuracy, and fairness, as evidenced by performance benchmarks against traditional DAO implementations. The findings suggest that machine learning can significantly optimize DAO architecture and contribute to a more scalable, democratic, and intelligent decentralized ecosystem.  2025 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Anomaly Detection; Blockchain Technology; DAO Governance; Federated Learning; Homomorphic Encryption; Machine Learning; Natural Language Processing; Privacy Preservation; Reinforcement Learning; Resource Allocation</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>ISBN: 979-833157981-4;</text>
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                <text>Edwin Prabhakar P.B., Department of CSE, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil nadu, Chennai, 600073, India; Rajarajeswari S., Department of S&amp;amp;H, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, Chennai, 127, India; Antad S., Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India; Jeshurun S.B., School of Business and Management, CHRIST University, Bangaluru, India; Badhoutiya A., Department of Electrical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India; Chandrika S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr.D.Y.Patil Institute of Technology, Pimrpi, Pune, India; Suresh Babu D., Department of EEE, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, India</text>
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                <text>Stroke poses a significant global health challenge, contributing to widespread mortality and disability. Identifying predictors of stroke risk is crucial for enabling timely interventions, thereby reducing the increasing impact of strokes. This research addresses this imperative by employing Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to pinpoint stroke risk predictors. To bridge existing gaps, six machine learning models were assessed using key performance metrics. Utilising the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to minimize the impact of the imbalanced nature of the dataset used in this research, the Random Forest algorithm emerged as the most effective among the algorithms with an accuracy of 94.5%, AUC-ROC of 0.95, recall of 0.96, precision of 0.93, and an F1 score of 0.95. This study explored the interpretation of these algorithms and results using Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Explain Like I'm Five (ELI5). With the interpretations, healthcare providers can gain insight into patients' stroke risk predictions. Key stroke risk factors highlighted by the study include Age, Marital Status, Glucose Level, Body Mass Index, Work Type, Heart Disease, and Gender. This research significantly contributes to healthcare and healthcare informatics by providing insights that can enhance strategies for stroke prevention and management, ultimately leading to improved patient care. The identified predictors offer valuable information for healthcare professionals to develop targeted interventions, fostering a proactive approach to mitigating the impact of strokes on individuals and the healthcare system.  2024 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Ugbomeh O., Robert Gordon University, School of Creative and Cultural Business, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Yiye V., Robert Gordon University, School of Creative and Cultural Business, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Ibeke E., Robert Gordon University, School of Computing, Engrg.,and Tech, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Ezenkwu C.P., Robert Gordon University, School of Computing, Engrg.,and Tech, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Sharma V., Christ University, Computer Science Department, India; Alkhayyat A., Islamic University, College of Technical Engineering, Najaf, Iraq</text>
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