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                <text>MHD nanofluid flow past a rotating disk with thermal radiation in the presence of aluminum and titanium alloy nanoparticles</text>
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                <text>Aluminum; Heat source; Joule heating; MHD; Nanofluid; Rotating disk; Thermal radiation; Titanium alloy nanoparticles</text>
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                <text>The effects of thermal and exponential space dependent heat sources (THS and ESHS) on magneto-nanoliquid flow across a rotating disk with uniform stretching rate along radial direction are scrutinized in this communication. H2O based nanoliquids containing aluminium (AA 7075) and titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloy nanoparticles are considered. The AA7075 is made up of 90% Al, 5-6% Zn, 2-3% Mg, 1-2% Cu with additives such as Fe, Mn and Si etc. The flow is driven due to rotating disk with uniform stretching of the disk. Impacts of Joule and viscous heating are also deployed. The multidegree ordinary differential equations are formed via Von Karman transformations. The obtained non-linear BVP is solved by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg based shooting approach (RKFS). Graphical illustrations depict the impacts of influential parameters on flow fields. The skin friction and Nusselt number are also calculated. Results pointed out that the thermal boundary layer growth stabilizes due to the influence of ESHS aspect. Velocities of AA7075 H2O nanofluid are superior than that of Ti6 Al4V H2O nanoliquid. Furthermore, the thermal performance of base liquid is outstanding when we added titanium alloy nanoparticles in comparison with aluminium alloy nanoparticles.  2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.</text>
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                <text>Makinde O.D.; Mahanthesh B.; Gireesha B.J.; Shashikumar N.S.; Monaledi R.L.; Tshehla M.S.</text>
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                <text>Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol-384, pp. 69-79.</text>
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                <text>Trans Tech Publications Ltd</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.384.69" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.384.69&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 10120386; CODEN: DDAFE</text>
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                <text>Makinde O.D., Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X2, Saldaaha, 7395, South Africa; Mahanthesh B., Department of Mathematics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India, Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Shimoga, Karnataka, India; Gireesha B.J., Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Shimoga, Karnataka, India; Shashikumar N.S., Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Shimoga, Karnataka, India; Monaledi R.L., Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X2, Saldaaha, 7395, South Africa; Tshehla M.S., Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X2, Saldaaha, 7395, South Africa</text>
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                <text>MHD nanofluid flow through Darcy medium with thermal radiation and heat source</text>
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                <text>heat transfer; Nanouid; porous medium; viscous dissipation; wedge</text>
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                <text>In this analysis, we have considered heat transmission in two-dimensional steady laminar nanouid ow past a wedge. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Brownian motion, viscous dissipation and thermophoresis eects are considered over the porous surface. Similarity transformations have been used to change the governing partial dierential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear higher-order ordinary dierential equations (ODEs). Governing ODEs with boundary conditions are then converted to the system of first-order initial value problem. After that the modeled system is solved numerically by RK4 technique. Impact of the magnetic number, Eckert number, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion, thermophoresis and permeability parameters on the ow domain is analyzed graphically as well as in tabular form. It is noted that magnitude of Nusselt number for the ow regime increases with the increase of nondimensional parameter Pr; Nb; Nt while opposite behavior is observed in case of R.  World Scientific Publishing Company.</text>
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                <text>Anwar M.S.; Muhammad T.; Khan M.; Puneeth V.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Modern Physics B</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 2179792; CODEN: IJPBE</text>
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                <text>Anwar M.S., Department of Mathematics, University of Jhang, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan; Muhammad T., Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Khan M., Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Puneeth V., Department of Computational Sciences, Christ University, Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, 201003, India</text>
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                <text>Micro and nano Bi2O3 filled epoxy composites: Thermal, mechanical and ?-ray attenuation properties</text>
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                <text>Bismuth oxide; Epoxy; Micro/nano composites; ?-Ray attenuation studies</text>
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                <text>Polymer composites have attracted considerable attention as potential light-weight and cost-effective materials for radiation shielding and protection. In view of this, the present work focusses on development of lead-free composites of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin with micro (~ 10 ?m) and nano (~ 20 nm) bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) fillers, using solution casting technique. Thermal, mechanical and ?-ray attenuation properties of the composites were studied by varying the filler loading. Inclusion of the fillers into epoxy matrix was confirmed both structurally and morphologically by XRD and SEM, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal stability of composites to be as high as 400 C. The nanocomposites exhibited relatively higher thermal stability than their micro counterparts. Among the composites, 14 wt% nano-Bi2O3/epoxy composites showed highest tensile strength of 326 MPa, which is about 38% higher than 30 wt% micro Bi2O3/epoxy composites. Mass attenuation coefficients (?/?) of the composites were evaluated at ?-ray energies ranging from 0.356 to 1.332 MeV. Nanocomposites showed better ?-ray shielding at all energies (0.356, 0.511, 0.662, 1.173, 1.280 and 1.332 MeV) than micro composites with same filler loading. These studies revealed the significance of nano-sized fillers in enhancing overall performance of the composites.  2021 Elsevier Ltd</text>
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                <text>Muthamma M.V.; Prabhu S.; Bubbly S.G.; Gudennavar S.B.</text>
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                <text>Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol-174</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109780" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109780&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 9698043; PubMed ID: 34052516; CODEN: ARISE</text>
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                <text>Muthamma M.V., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India; Prabhu S., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India; Bubbly S.G., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India; Gudennavar S.B., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India</text>
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                <text>Microfinance institutions are considered a miracle to reduce poverty, promote empowerment, reducing gender inequality by providing microcredit and other financial services to strata of people outside the ambit of the formal financial system. Such micro-credit and other services lead to promoting entrepreneurship ventures among women leading to financial freedom and economic development of the country. This chapter studied the status of microfinance institutions across all continents and their pace of evolution with respective objectives. India-specific mission objectives and business models of microfinance institutions were dealt with in detail. 200 literatures based on the keywords related to the theme of chapter titles were fetched from the Scopus database and were subjected to cooccurrence analysis using network visualization on VOS viewer software. Microfinance has been identified as one of the important tools for poverty reduction and women's empowerment by promoting women entrepreneurship.  2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing.</text>
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                <text>Rani A., Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, India; Raman K.J., Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru, India; Antony S., Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru, India; Thirumoorthy A., Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru, India; Chethan B., Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>This article presents a collection of personal stories of Dalit women highlighting their daily experiences of microaggressions, which they did not even realize or endured in silence, but how it left deep psychological, emotional, and relational scars. These experiences are examined from a postmodern theory perspective. In addition, the article will describe Anderson Franklin and Nancy Boyd-Franklins theoretical concepts of invisibility and Kenneth Hardys concepts of voicelessness and psychological homelessness. These stories indicated that having mental illness defined these women, leading to a lack of opportunities and resources and further chipping away at their sense of self, capabilities, and value. As a therapist, the primary author felt drawn to connect with these womens humanity, suffering, and pain, but also felt vulnerable to seeing them as different and ignoring the fact that she exercised power by categorizing them as low-income, Dalit, and traumatized. By seeing these women differently, the primary author felt less vulnerable and safer in a therapeutic relationship but also realized how language in therapy reinforces the internal psychological and emotional experience of being invisible and thus unimportant. Mental health professionals should use caste-sensitive language and adopt caste-affirmative therapy to prevent the drop-out of these women from therapy. Copyright 2025, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.</text>
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                <text>Environmental Science and Engineering;Volume;Part F1;pp.337-358</text>
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                <text>Sudheesh A.K., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Antony A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; George A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kavana Somaiah C., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Thazeem B., Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India</text>
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                <text>Microalgae boasts unique advantages regarding biofuel production, where researchers have made significant strides in increasing biofuel yields while reducing costs by improving lipid profiles in various microalgal strains, incorporating nano-additives, and improving extraction techniques. They have achieved this through genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and innovative cultivation techniques, optimizing the entire process. Moreover, microalgae are rich in bioactive compounds, and this chapter emphasizes advanced methods for extracting and purifying compounds like carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and omega-3 fatty acids, which have broad applications in food, medicine, and various industries. In energy production, microalgae generate renewable and eco-friendly energy through microbial fuel cells, employing techniques such as thermochemical liquefaction and producing energy from fermentation processes. Advancements in microalgae-based photobioreactors and strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency further contribute to the efficiency and scalability of energy production. The book chapter highlights the importance and sustainability of microalgae in addressing energy and environmental challenges. By harnessing the latest advancements in biofuel production, valuable product synthesis, and renewable energy generation, microalgae have the potential to steer in a greener and brighter future. Their rapid growth, carbon dioxide absorption, and valuable compound synthesis make them a powerful tool in our pursuit of sustainable solutions. Embracing the potential of microalgae can lead us to an environmentally friendly and economically prosperous future.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.</text>
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                <text>The use of plastics in the present-day routine is an unavoidable part of human life. It is posing a global environmental threat due to its never-ending accumulation. Complete disposal of plastics is a major problem, and for their complete degradation an effective solution or method has not been discovered yet. However, in order to turn to a biological approach for coping with the ever-increasing fear of plastic aggregation and decay, the development of a methodology would be useful for posterity. To eliminate plastic wastes, two scenarios exist: produce biodegradable plastics from renewable materials or fossil fuels as building blocks, such as hydrobiodegradable/oxo-biodegradable; or find appropriate microalgae and their toxins for the development of a protocol to effectively biodegrade the plastics. Just as biodegradation of plastics is a constructive option, as they are eco-friendly with not much harm done to the environment, the development of biodegradable plastic is also equally effective. Some of the algae that are isolated from the plastic wastes are green-algae, blue-green algae, diatoms, etc. Polyethylene is basically carbon and hydrogen polymer, which is exceptionally resistant to biodegradation (less than 0.5% over 100 years), whose degradation is dependent mainly on moisture, light, and temperature. The most used types of plastics like polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene are a major threat as they are used in the manufacture of bottles, fibers, packing materials, etc. The degradation or disposal of these plastics is leading to their conversion into microsized particles which is further leading to harm to the environment, mainly when these microplastics interact with microalgae like Spirulina. However, landfill, incineration, and chemical methods are some of the conventional methods for polyethylene disposal that are fatal to the environment as they cause hazardous effects on flora and fauna.  2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Microbes and Microbial Biotechnology for Green Remediation, pp. 575-587.</text>
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                <text>Paladhi A.G., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Vallinayagam S., Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, Sivakasi, India; Rajendran S., Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, Sivakasi, India; Rathinam V., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P.S.R Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, Sivakasi, India; Sharma V.K., Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, Mahendergarh, India</text>
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                <text>Nixon D.M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Sijo J., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Paari K.A., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India</text>
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                <text>Increasing plant growth and yield with the aid of plant growth-promoting bacteria is a widely accepted, eco-friendly and economic approach in modern agriculture. Their use as an alternative to widely used harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides can improve overall soil health and fertility, thereby enhancing crop yield. The positive modulation of genes related to growth and development, fruit formation, stress tolerance and phytohormone production helps plants significantly during maturation. Furthermore, the enhanced production and expression of defence-related hormones aid in survival under various stress conditions, such as drought, pH fluctuations, salinity and water stress. In addition, the application of growth-promoting bacteria, mainly from species such as Azospirillum, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter and Serratia supports plant growth and development by improving soil porosity, pH and salinity conditions. This review briefly outlines the role of the plant growth-promoting bacteria as microbial biofertilizers that enhance crop resilience under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. By highlighting recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of microbe-plant interactions under these stresses, it also provides unique insights into how microbial biofertilizers can be employed for sustainable agriculture. This has direct relevance for policymakers and farmers by reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, which have various negative impacts, thereby promoting long-term environmental sustainability and improved agricultural practices.  (2025), (Science Press). All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Microbial Decomposition of Feather Waste</text>
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                <text>Animal feed; Degradation; Enzyme activity; Feather; Keratinases; Poultry</text>
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                <text>Keratin is generally found as an ?-keratin helix form in hair, nails, horns and ?-keratin sheet form found in feathers, scales, beaks and claws. ?-keratin contains a domain rich in residues favoring to form ?-sheet structures associated with the filament framework. 'N' and 'C' terminal domains are associated with the matrix and forms cross-linking via disulfide bonds. Several million tons of feather waste are generated by poultry industries each year. Since this waste is rich in protein, it contains excellent potential as a protein source for animal feed and other applications.Bacterial and fungal strains used in microbial degradation of feathers are summarized. Various species from the bacterium genus are involved in keratin degradation including Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Brevibacillus, Fusarium, Geobacillus, Chryseobacterium, Xanthomonas and Serratia which are some keratin degrading bacteria. Actinomycetes and fungi also contribute to feather degradation by the enzyme activity of keratinases.  2022 World Research Association. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Anton D.C.N.; Umesh M.</text>
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                <text>Research Journal of Biotechnology, Vol-17, No. 1, pp. 179-189.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 9736263</text>
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                <text>Anton D.C.N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Chetry, Garima; Lakshmaiah, Vasantha Veerappa</text>
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                <text>Microbial degradation of textile dye reactive blue 250 (RB 250) by the novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa RGB11: a sustainable approach</text>
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                <text>Brazilian Journal of Microbiology;Volume;56;Issue;3;pp.1595-1610</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01743-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01743-5&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011078326?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011078326?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Chetry G., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Lakshmaiah V.V., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India</text>
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                <text>Untreated textile effluent discharge has increased due to rapid industrialization and human activity, posing a serious and growing threat to environmental well-being over the past few decades. This study isolates a novel bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa RGB11, from sewage sludge capable of degrading the azo dye Reactive Blue 250 dye (RB 250) as identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Decolorization of RB 250 was tested in Minimal Salt Media (MSM) throughout the studies. Under static conditions, pH 7, and 37C, the dye showed 88.91% decolorization after 24h, which increased to 96.27% at pH 9 and 93.15%at 45C. Adding 1% w/v sucrose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources increased the decolorization to 96.83% and 97.54%, respectively. A study on growth kinetics over 8h showed that as the Optical Density (OD) of bacteria increased at 600nm, the absorbance of the dye decreased at 604nm, indicating the bacterial role in the decolorization process. FT-IR analysis of the metabolite extracted after decolorization revealed the shift in the intensity of the characteristic peak of the RB 250 dye and the formation of new peaks, which can be attributed to the degradation of dye and generation of intermediates in the decolorized solution. The LCMS study further confirms degradation as the parental peak in the dye disappeared and smaller new peaks were observed, possibly due to breakage of characteristic bonds in dye like the azo bond. Haemolysis test on blood agar demonstrated gamma haemolysis confirming that the novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RGB11 doesnt produce haemolysins and is a non-pathogenic strain. Thus, emphasizing the efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RGB11 as potential candidate for dye decolourizer for textile effluents. It has immense potential to serve as a contributor to environmental studies by providing a means of sustainable bioremediation for textile effluents.  The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2025.</text>
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                <text>Azo dyes; Bioremediation; Dye degradation; Optimization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Reactive blue 250</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 15178382;</text>
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                <text>Biotechnology approaches; Enzyme engineering; Microbial engineering; Microplastic; Microplastic removal; Sources of microplastics</text>
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                <text>Microplastics are the small fragments of the plastic molecules which find their applications in various routine products such as beauty products. Later, it was realized that it has several toxic effects on marine and terrestrial organisms. This review is an approach in understanding the microplastics, their origin, dispersal in the aquatic system, their biodegradation and factors affecting biodegradation. In addition, the paper discusses the major engineering approaches applied in microbial biotechnology. Specifically, it reviews microbial genetic engineering, such as PET-ase engineering, MHET-ase engineering, and immobilization approaches. Moreover, the major challenges associated with the plastic removal are presented by evaluating the recent reports available.  2022 Elsevier B.V.</text>
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                <text>Kumar V., Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India, Ecotoxicity and Bioconversion Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India; Sharma N., School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Duhan L., Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India; Pasrija R., Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India; Thomas J., Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Lakkaboyana S.K., Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&amp;amp;D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, 600062, India; Andler R., Escuela de Ingenier en Biotecnolog, Centro de Biotecnolog de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Catica del Maule, Chile; Vangnai A.S., Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Vithanage M., Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Awasthi M.K., College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&amp;amp;F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Chia W.Y., Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih, 43500, Malaysia; LokeShow P., Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih, 43500, Malaysia, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China, Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India; BarcelD., Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 1826, Barcelona, 08034, Spain, Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Cientic i Tecnolic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Girona, 17003, Spain, Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, India</text>
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                <text>Microbes or microbial enzymes can catalyze the synthesis of bioorganic compounds, and this process is defined as biocatalysis. Biocatalysis has become an essential technique in organic biotransformation, typically applied in chemical industries. Biocatalysts generally show high activity and excellent enantio, stereo, regio, and chemo-selectivity. They offer practical and cost-effective ways to synthesize semi-synthetic analogues and novel drug molecules. Many bacteria and fungi-derived enzymes could catalyze highly specific hydroxylations of various substrates that are highly complex to synthesize by chemical methods. This chapter details and discusses different biocatalytic microbial platforms that permit to produce the chiral drug intermediates.  2023 selection and editorial matter, Ranjna Sirohi, Amit Kumar Rai, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, and Binod Parameswaran; individual chapters, the contributors</text>
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                <text>Arun K.B., Department of Life Sciences CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Sindhu R., Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kerala, Kollam, India; Nair B.G., School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri, Kerala, Kollam, India; Parameswaran B., Microbial Processes and Technology Division CSIR, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Pandey A., Center for Innovation and Translational Research CSIR  Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), India, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India; Awasthi M.K., Awasthi College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&amp;amp;F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China; Kuddus M., Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia; Madhavan A., School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri, Kerala, Kollam, India</text>
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                <text>Microbial fuel cells for electricity generation and environmental bioremediation</text>
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                <text>Biodegradable; Electricigens; Electrochemical reactions; MFC; Microbes</text>
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                <text>The environmental impact on the use of fossil fuels and their unsustainable nature has led to the development of techniques using renewable energy and fuel cells. The recent decade has captured the attention of scientists towards the importance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with the role of microbial ability in converting organic wastes directly to electricity through microbially catalyzed anodic reactions along with microbial/enzymatic cathodic electrochemical reactions. MFC represents an environmental friendly approach for the use of generating electricity using wastewater, thus ensuring a bioremedial approach for effluent treatment with the achievement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of about 50% chemical oxygen demand and power densities. This MFC utilises microbial metabolism for electricity generation. The overall performance of electricigens or MFC is based on the reactor design, operating conditions, electrode material used, types of substrates, and microorganisms involved. The optimization parameters studies for commercial production and their applications for MFC need to be intensified. Microbes have applications as biopolymer electrolytes that can be variously used in the applications of batteries, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. The use of MFCs has many advantages as they are eco-friendly, they have high performance abilities and they are costeffective and therefore can be used for modern applications.  2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Inchara M.N.; Mayegowda S.B.; Manjula N.G.</text>
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                <text>Microbial Fuel Cell: Electricity Generation and Environmental Remediation, pp. 57-82.</text>
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                <text>Nova Science Publishers, Inc.</text>
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                <text>Inchara M.N., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Mayegowda S.B., Christ University, Kanmanike, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Manjula N.G., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</text>
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                <text>The quest for sustainable energy sources serves as the essential pillar for development of humans since the dawn of civilization. The alarming increase in demand of energy, especially electricity propelled the need to screen for alternative sources of energy over the conventional fossil based non-renewable counterparts. Electricity generation through microbial route functions by the fundamental phenomena of electron transport chain and the microbes operate as the source of energy production utilizing the substrate. Since its initiation, microbial fuel cell has gained a lot of research focus from all over the world. The integration of waste treatment with power generation was highlighted as the most productive and sustainable part of microbial fuel cells. Over the past few decades, a lot of research and development was done on improving the design of fuel cells, searching for cost-effective electrodes and membranes for commercialization. Despite tremendous research done on this domain, its commercialization still faces a lot of hurdles especially once it comes to the overall maintenance and production cost. This chapter summarizes the basic architecture of different microbial fuel cells and the challenges that need to be addressed for making microbial fuel cells a sustainable route for the bioelectricity generation from microorganisms.  Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.</text>
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                <text>Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; James N., Department of Botany, Teresian College, Karnataka, Mysore, India; Stanly L.M., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Suresh S., Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>Biocompatibility; Biofuel; Bionanocomposite; Biopolymer; Fermentation; Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)</text>
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                <text>Exponential increase in the use and disposal of synthetic plastics has raised an alarming concern related to their adverse effect on the environment due to their recalcitrant nature and non biodegradability. Nevertheless, the depletion in the petrochemical sources made it imperative to search for other sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastics. This triggered the attention on biodegradable plastics produced from plants, animals and microbial sources that have excellent material properties like their synthetic counterparts. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are ineluctably promising microbial polyesters that have the competence to supersede traditional oil-based synthetic polymers which causes major disposal issues worldwide. The compostable nature, biocompatibility, thermostability, and resilience of these bio-based polymers make them an acceptable replacement in the global market. Their versatile material properties made them a propitious candidate in packaging, biomedicine, tissue engineering, biofuel production, nanocomposite formation, and other industrial applications. Despite their potential advantages, the commercialization of PHA is hindered majorly due to the high cost associated with their production and extraction. This review work majorly focuses on the production, extraction, applications and fermentation strategies for enhancing PHA production. The review also addresses the production of PHA from extremophiles, challenges associated with PHA production and sustainable substrates for PHA production using various agroindustrial wastes.  2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</text>
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                <text>Saravanan K.; Umesh M.; Kathirvel P.</text>
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                <text>Saravanan K., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kathirvel P., Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India</text>
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