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Size, Value Effects and the Explanatory Power of Pricing Models: Evidence from BSE listed Indian Industries
The firm size and value anomalies are the global-level counterpart for explaining the cross-sectional variations of equity returns. This paper aims to examine the size, value effects and explanatory power of three well-known pricing models - CAPM, three-and five-factor- across and within 15 Indian industries. The study considers all firms listed on Indian largest stock exchange, BSE (Bombay stock exchange), between 1999-2021 by developing portfolios using firm size/value, size/investment and size/profitability risk characteristics. The study employs both univariate and multivariate methods, including time series, GRS statistics, and cross-sectional models within and across industries portfolios. Results indicated that size and value effects exist in almost all industries, presenting that size and value anomalies are the most prominent determinants for industry-level equity returns. In addition, the profitability and investment effects were also investigated; however, the results are mixed from industry to industry. In the case of the explanatory power of pricing models, the five-factor performs much better within and across industry portfolios than other pricing models; however, the models' effectiveness varies by industry. We also reported that investors who seek to allocate funds within and across industries tend to be expected reasonably stable returns and conceivably predictable; the findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on asset pricing and portfolio management in emerging markets. The Author(s) 2022. -
Size-dependent analysis of surface wave in irregular fractured porous seabed subjected to fractional-order derivative
This study focuses on the investigation of the dispersive and damping characteristics of surface waves through an irregular boundary of ocean bed composed of a fluid-saturated dual porosity/dual permeability material. The nonlocal fluid-saturated dual porosity/dual permeability layer (NFSDP2L) is confined by a nonlocal viscous liquid layer (NVLL) and a nonlocal viscous sandy substrate (NVSS) having fractional viscoelastic properties. The governing equations for the proposed model are derived using Eringens nonlocal theory. The complex frequency relation is obtained by applying the variable separation technique and enforcing appropriate boundary conditions. By dissociating the frequency relation into real (dispersion equation) and imaginary (attenuation equation) parts, graphs are generated to illustrate the influence of several key parameters., viz. nonlocality, porosity, sandiness, fractional-order, fluctuation, flatness, and position on the fundamental and higher modes of propagating waves. The effects of various parameters are also depicted through the graphical illustration of shear wave speed in NFSDP2L and NVSS. Furthermore, the surface response of shear stress against depth within the layered structure has been graphically illustrated. The validity of our mathematical model has been assessed by examining multiple relevant scenarios. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Size Tuning, Phase Stabilization, and Anticancer Efficacy of Amorphous Selenium Nanoparticles: Effect of Ion-Pair Interaction, ?OH Functionalization, and Reuse of RTILs as Host Matrix
Se nanoparticles (NPs) of predominantly amorphous phase (?-Se) have been prepared in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The effects of ion-pair combination and ?OH functionalization of RTILs on the size and phase stability of Se NPs were investigated. The RTILs used were 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium boron tetrafluoride ([EMIM][BF4]), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl imidazolium boron tetrafluoride ([EOHMIM][BF4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium methane sulfonate ([EMIM][MS]). The size of Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] was found to be the smallest (?32 nm), followed by Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4] (?57 nm) and Se NPs@[EMIM][MS] (?60 nm), respectively. Interestingly, the stability studies revealed minimal size variations for Se NPs@[EMIM][MS], followed by Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] and Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4], respectively. The observed trends could be correlated with the strength of interionic interactions in the respective RTILs, as well as their packing order (density). Importantly, the RTILs played the role of a solvent, a stabilizer, and an in situ source of reducing species. Pulse radiolysis study revealed imidazolium-originated radical species-driven formation of Se NPs. Further, anticancer efficacy studies demonstrated the role of NP size, wherein Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] exhibited the highest cancer cell killing, followed by Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4] and Se NPs@[EMIM][MS]. Another significant highlight of this work is the reuse of the spent RTILs for the synthesis of the next batch of Se NPs. 2021 American Chemical Society -
Size effect in market-wide liquidity commonality: Evidence from the indian stock market
Liquidity commonality and the co-movements in trading costs related to such commonality have remarkable implications in market microstructure. Analyzing and identifying such commonality will enable the investor and policy maker to discover evidence regarding the inventory risks and asymmetric information influencing individual securities' liquidity. Thus, this study aims at documenting the liquidity commonality and measuring its extent in the Indian stock market. Employing fourteen liquidity measures attributed to the cost, quantity, time, and multidimensional aspects of liquidity, it empirically proves the existence of co-movements among market-wide liquidity and the individual securities' liquidity. The study also shows the presence of a size effect in liquidity commonality in Indian stock market. It is found that the slope coefficient indicating the interface between market-wide liquidity and individual securities' liquidity generally increases with size. Copyright 2019 Namitha K. Cheriyan, Daniel Lazar. -
Sixth-Generation (6G) Mobile Cloud Security and Privacy Risks for AI System Using High-Performance Computing Implementation
The exchange of information from one person to another is called communication. Telecommunication makes it possible with electronic devices and their tools. The scientist Alexander Graham Bell has invented the basic telephone in 1876 in the USA. Telephones now have the new format in the form of mobile phones, which are the primary media for communicating and transmitting data. We are using 5th-generation mobile network standards. Still, there are some requirements for the users that are believed to be solved in the 6th-generation mobile network standards. By 2030, all of the people would be using 6G. The computing model in the cloud is not dependent on either the location or any specific device that would provide the service. It is an on-demand computational service-oriented mechanism. Combining these two technologies as mobile cloud computing provides customized options with more flexible implementations. Artificial intelligence is being used in devices in many fields. AI can be used in mobile network services (MNS) to provide more reliable and customized services to the users, such as network operation monitoring, network operation management, fraud detection, and reduction in mobile transactions and security to the cyber devices. Combining cloud with AI in mobile network services in the 6th generation would improve human beings' lives, such as zero road accidents, advanced level special health care, and zero crime rates in society. However, the most vital needs for sixth-generation standards are the capability to manage large volumes of records and excessive-statistics-fee connectivity in step with gadgets. The sixth-generation mobile network is under development. This generation has many exciting features. Security is the central issue that needs to be sorted out using appropriate forensic mechanisms. There is a need to approach high-performance computing for improved services to the end-user. Considering three-dimensional research methodologies (technical dimension, organizational dimension, and applications hosted on the cloud) in a high-performance computing environment leads to two different cases such as real-time stream processing and remote desktop connection and performance test. By 'narrowing the targeted worldwide audience with a wide range of experiential opportunities,' this paper is aimed at delivering dynamic and varied resource allocation for reliable and justified on-demand services. 2022 Srinivasa Rao Gundu et al. -
Situating censorship: A study of the politics of state and self in literary translations in Iran /
A nation’s culture flourishes by interacting with other cultures” (Razmjou). Cultural variety not only enriches our knowledge, but also acts as a guide towards the growth of a nation. It gives an insight about the basic human right practices of different cultures. The standard of culture of any particular nation can be gauged through various tools, but importance is given to literature, as it acts as a barometer to measure the cultural growth of the nation. To interpret any culture it is important to understand the beginnings of that particular culture and make an in-depth study of the progress of its civilization. The cultural evolution of any place is continuous and is a combination of many factors like geographic location, weather conditions prevalent, suitable food crops grown, its political policies, religious influences, its history and its present circumstances. The above factors directly or indirectly become responsible to blend and give shape to a culture. -
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Sinking houseboats and swaying home stays: community resilience and local impacts of COVID-19 in managing tourism crisis in Kerala
Purpose: The tourism sector of the state of Kerala in India is highly vulnerable and has been extensively impacted by the global pandemic disaster. This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 (Corona virus pandemic) on houseboat operators and homestay managers. Design/methodology/approach: This paper indicates a multi-stakeholder assessment method to examine various pandemic disaster facets through a structured discussion with different destination stakeholders. This study examines qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews from homestay owners, houseboat operators and government designators in Kerala. This study proposes a conceptual community resilience competency framework that could facilitate speedy crisis management responses. In this study, the sample comprises of nine respondents who play a pivotal role in the travel business, comprising the public sector, private sector, NGO's and community leaders. Findings: The qualitative findings identify Indias and the state of Kerala's roles in handling crisis management scenarios over internal strategies and strategy formulation. The results indicate that the supplementary industry practitioners explore tactical and strategic management initiatives to sustain their businesses. The dynamics of stakeholder engagement adopted by the state is given prominence. Originality/value: This study suggests mechanisms to re-establish the brand image and the possible strategies and suggestions that could help in the survival of the Kerala tourism industry in the post-disaster period. The new normal has been substantiated in the study by incorporating strategies and precautionary methods adopted by the homestay and houseboat operators so as to address the guests' safety concerns. 2021, International Tourism Studies Association. -
Single-use Plastic Packaging and Food and Beverage industry's take on it
Micro-plastics created by the gradual breakdown of SUP in oceans have recently been consumed by marine organisms, including fish, shellfish, etc. It is causing significant disturbance to marine life. The environment is littered with food packing. Snack food packaging is a great example of a long-standing, aesthetically obnoxious form of pollution. The majority of SUPs, especially perishable products, wind up in landfills within months of purchase.This is due to a rise in on-the-go food and beverage consumption, fueling the proliferation of single-use plastic packaging. The lack of dumpsters in some areas might contribute to an increase in littering. While the majority of food packaging plastics end up in the trash, municipal waste, landfills, and even the seas, a tiny fraction can be recycled. The reason for this is that poor countries have a prevalent culture of human waste. The Electrochemical Society -
Single-Stage Bidirectional Three-Level AC/DC LLC Resonant Converter with High Power Factor
The increasing demand for efficient and high-performance power converters in electric vehicle technology and renewable energy integration has brought attention to LLC resonant converters due to their advantages in soft switching, inherent short circuit and open circuit protection, and high efficiency. These converters are particularly well-suited for high-frequency operation, making them ideal for electric vehicle battery charging and other power conversion tasks. However, when integrated with a front-end boost power factor correction (PFC) stage in AC-DC applications, challenges arise in maintaining power balance during transients, leading to voltage fluctuations and potential operational instability. Moreover, light load conditions can result in excessive switching frequencies, causing elevated switching losses and control difficulties. Additionally, traditional LLC resonant converters face limitations related to high voltage stress on switches, which affects device reliability and overall converter performance. To address these issues, researchers have explored the use of multilevel inverters, but they introduce complexity and cost. In this context, this paper proposes a novel single-stage, three-level bidirectional AC-DC LLC-based resonant converter with features like zero voltage switching and duty ratio control for output voltage regulation. The converter achieves a unity displacement power factor naturally through discontinuous conduction mode. Simulation results demonstrate the converter's effectiveness of the proposed topology. The proposed converter offers a promising solution for Electric vehicle chargers, combining unity power factor operation and efficient bidirectional power flow control in a single topology. 2024 IEEE. -
Single-monomer dual templated MIP based electrochemical sensor for tartrazine and brilliant blue FCF
In this study, a dual-templated molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor was developed for the simultaneous analysis of two food additive dyes, brilliant blue FCF and tartrazine. Using a 3-aminophenyl boronic acid (3-APBA) monomer and the dual templates of brilliant blue FCF (BB) and tartrazine (TZ), the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer was electropolymerized on the carbon fibre paper (CFP) electrode. By using BB and TZ as template molecules along the electro-polymerization of 3-APBA, then removing both template molecules, the MIP film was generated on the surface of the CFP electrode. Due to the high surface area provided by modification, several complementary binding sites for template molecules are formed on the surface of the MIP sensor during this process of sensor fabrication. On the MIP/CFP electrode, the electrochemical behavior of BB and TZ was assessed. The monomer/template ratio, pH values, and influencing parameters like the electro-polymerization scanning cycles were all optimized. This sensor was applied to detect brilliant blue FCF and tartrazine in beverage and food samples using MIPAPBA/CFP electrode. 2023 -
Single Port Multimode Reconfigurable UWB-NB Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications
In this paper, a compact, single port, multimode reconfigurable UWB-NB antenna with a novel feeding network is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a pentagonal-shaped monopole radiator, a beveled-shaped partial defected ground plane with a rectangular slot, and a reconfigurable bypass feeding network. The antenna realizes a wideband frequency range from 2.4 to 18 GHz and four narrow band frequency ranges, 5.3 to 6.8 GHz, 6.0 to 7.6 GHz, 7.2 to 8.8 GHz and 8.4 to 11.4 GHz. The antenna provides an omnidirectional radiation pattern with gain from 2.2 to 6.2 dBi maximum at 12 GHz and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ranges from 1 to 2. The fabricated antenna has an overall dimension of 181.6 mm3. Sensing and tuning ranges of the fabricated antenna shows good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has an advantage of simple design, low profile, single port excitation and omnidirectional radiation pattern making it suitable for applications such as handheld mobile cognitive radio systems. 2022 SBMO/SBMag -
Single activity recognition system: A review
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) plays an important role in smart home assisted living system which is one among the growing research area in smart computing. In this modern era, Smart home assisted living is highly recommended for elderly people to monitor and assist in taking care of themselves. HAR is applied in various ambiences to recognize single activity and group activity as well. This chapter focuses on single activity recognition system with respect to variety of sensors used in smart homes, activity recognition methods and wide range of communication systems that helps to ease the living style of elderly people in healthy environment which can be linked to the advancement of IoT technology in smart building. This chapter reviews many applications with variety of sensors, real time smart home projects, and smart home assisted living systems including activity recognition methods and communication systems. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. -
Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Polarization Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421
We present near-simultaneous X-ray and optical polarization measurements in the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 421. The X-ray polarimetric observations were carried out using Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2023 December 6. During IXPE observations, we also carried out optical polarimetric observations using 104 cm Sampurnanand telescope at Nainital and multiband optical imaging observations using 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle. From model-independent analysis of IXPE data, we detected X-ray polarization with degree of polarization (?X) of 8.5% 0.5% and an electric vector position angle (?X) of 10.6 1.7 in the 2?8 keV band. From optical polarimetry on 2023 December 6, in B, V, and R bands, we found values of ?B = 4.27% 0.32%, ?V = 3.57% 0.31%, and ?R = 3.13% 0.25%. The value of ?B is greater than that observed at longer optical wavelengths, with the degree of polarization suggesting an energy-dependent trend, gradually decreasing from higher to lower energies. This is consistent with that seen in other HSP blazars and favors a stratified emission region encompassing a shock front. The emission happening in the vicinity of the shock front will be more polarized due to the ordered magnetic field resulting from shock compression. The X-ray emission, involving high-energy electrons, originates closer to the shock front than the optical emission. The difference in the spatial extension could plausibly account for the observed variation in polarization between X-ray and optical wavelengths. This hypothesis is further supported by the broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the X-ray and optical data. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Simultaneous first order derivative spectrophotometric determination of vanadium and zirconium in alloy steels and minerals
A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of trace amounts of vanadium(V) and zirconium(IV) in acetic acid medium using a newly synthesised reagent diacetylmonoxime salicyloylhydrazone (DMSH), without any prior separation. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the coloured species are 1.30 x 10 4 and 1.82 x 10 4 Lmol -1cm -1 and 3.9 and 2.5 ng cm -2 for V(V) and Zr(IV), respectively. Beer's law is obeyed between 0.26-2.80 and 0.30-3.20 ?g mL -1 concentration of vanadium (V) and zirconium (IV) at 405 and 380 nm respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex was found to be 1:1 (metal:ligand) for V(V) and 1:2 for Zr(IV) complexes. These metal ions interfere with the determination of each other in zero order spectrophotometry. The first derivative spectra of these complexes permitted a simultaneous determination of V(V) and Zr(IV) at zero crossing wavelengths of 445 nm and 405 nm, respectively. The optimum conditions for maximum colour development and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of zirconium and vanadium in standard alloy steel samples, mineral and soil samples. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
Simultaneous first order derivative spectrophotometric determination of Vanadium and Zirchonium in alloy steels and minerals
Spectrochimica Acta Part A : Molecular and Bio molecular Spectroscopy, Vol.95,pp.46-52, ISSN No. 1386-1425 -
Simulations of electric vehicle model for insights into pre-planned trajectory profiles
Electric vehicles are slowly gaining its significance in the automobile sector due to stringent emission norms. This research article highlights the fundamental modeling steps required for an electric vehicle designing following a simulation approach using MATLAB/Simulink software. It gives a clear and concise way to interpret vehicle model from a simple to complex modelling approach. Unlike other research works, this paper helps to thoroughly perceive the fundamentals involved in modeling an electric vehicle with different trajectory profiles. The vehicles behavior when subjected to different external forces, steering characteristics under different path profiles are analyzed in a systematic way. This research work highlights the significance of identifying and solving issues faced in the safety sub-system of an EV. 2020 SERSC. -
Simulations of electric vehicle model for insights into pre-planned trajectory profiles
Electric vehicles are slowly gaining its significance in the automobile sector due to stringent emission norms. This research article highlights the fundamental modeling steps required for an electric vehicle designing following a simulation approach using MATLAB/Simulink software. It gives a clear and concise way to interpret vehicle model from a simple to complex modelling approach. Unlike other research works, this paper helps to thoroughly perceive the fundamentals involved in modeling an electric vehicle with different trajectory profiles. The vehicles behavior when subjected to different external forces, steering characteristics under different path profiles are analyzed in a systematic way. This research work highlights the significance of identifying and solving issues faced in the safety sub-system of an EV. 2020 SERSC. -
Simulation, optimisation and analysis of energy saving in crude oil distillation unit
Physical distillation is the major process in crude oil refineries as of now. To ensure quality control in the final products, it is essential to ascertain the true boiling point of the crude oil and the products. The work is mainly concentrated to an industrial crude oil distillation unit. The objective of the paper is to present the simulation and optimisation of crude distillation unit (CDU) along with the analysis of energy saving, using Aspen HYSYS V8.8.2. Different crudes are taken into account, their properties and amount of distillate are analysed. The process optimisation is done in an easier manner using Aspen HYSYS rather than the conventional mathematical method, together with the advanced process control tools; make it profitable in the operation in real-time. The simulation results are validated with the actual plant results. Copyright 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Simulation study of droplet formation in inkjet printing using ANSYS FLUENT
Flow simulations of jetting of inkjet drops are presented for water and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, droplet jetting behaviour is the deciding parameter for print quality. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) method is used because the interaction between two phases (air and liquid) is involved in the drop formation process. The commercial inkjet printer has a nozzle diameter of ~73.2?m. In this work, a simulation model of inkjet printer nozzles with different diameters 40?m, 60?m, and 80?m are developed using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is observed that when water is taken as solvent then the stable droplets are generated at 60?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of its low viscosity. For higher diameter, the stamen formation is observed. Ethylene glycol stable droplets are achieved at 80?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of their high viscosity (~10 times that of water). Along with the droplet formation, the sustainability of the droplet in the air before reaching the substrate is also important. The simulation model is an inexpensive, fast, and flexible alternative to study the ink characteristics of the real-world system without wasting resources. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.