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The unseen dilemma of AI in mental healthcare
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A dual-phase-lag mathematical framework with mechanics-informed machine learning for predicting ocular thermal risk under environmental heating
Thermal damage to ocular tissues is a significant medical issue, as even minor increases in temperature can compromise corneal endothelial function, hasten cataract development, and disturb retinal metabolism. The aim of this study is to create a dependable model for forecasting temperature distributions in the human eye during external heat exposure, thereby facilitating safer therapeutic interventions, refined clinical risk evaluation, and improved environmental health surveillance. A dual-phase-lag (DPL) bioheat transfer framework with two relaxation times is created to capture the behavior of thermal waves that travel at a finite speed. Normal-mode analysis is then used to find closed-form analytical solutions for all six ocular layers. Parametric investigations measure the effects of things like temperature, evaporation, porosity, and perfusion. When compared to the LordShulman and Fourier models, DPL is clearly better at predicting thermal responses that are realistic for the body. Complementary thermal-safety mapping, sensitivity analysis, surrogate-model validation, and response-surface visualization offer enhanced engineering insights and expedited predictive capabilities. The study reveals that non-Fourier effects are essential in regulating peak temperatures, and tissue-level parameters substantially affect intraocular thermal loads. The model's limitations consist of axisymmetric geometry and temperature-independent material properties, which could be rectified in forthcoming three-dimensional or patient-specific investigations. This work offers a medically pertinent and computationally efficient methodology for ocular thermal safety, enhancing healthcare modeling, precision diagnostics, and protective measures for populations subjected to extreme thermal conditions. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Ramifications of thermal slip on ternary nanofluids flow over an incurvate stretching sheet: A sensitivity analysis
The effects of thermal slip on the flow and heat mass transfer properties of ternary nanofluids over an incurvate stretched sheet are explored in this research article. The ternary nanofluid is colloidal mixture of three nanoparticles namely reduced graphene oxide, titanium oxide and silver suspended in a base fluid water. The relevant theoretical mathematical model is transformed into dimensionless equations by applying the proper similarity transformations and the dimensionless equations are then solved using RungeKuttaFehlberg 45 order method (RKF-45). The importance of clearly researched restrictions on the profiles of concentration, temperature and velocity are analysed through plotted graphs. The findings show that, while the temperature jump parameter affects the thermal properties, raising the curvature parameter increases fluid velocity close to the surface. Using response surface methodology, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the characteristics of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. The model's accuracy for the rate of heat transfer is (Formula presented.) and for skin friction is (Formula presented.). It is observed that the sensitivity of the Nusselt number towards radiation ((Formula presented.)) is more for all the values of thermal conductivity ((Formula presented.)) and for middle level of (Formula presented.) and sensitivity of skin friction (Formula presented.) is more for Schmidt number ((Formula presented.)) and independent of (Formula presented.). 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Surface energy transmission in dry long bones: A continuum mechanics approach with initial stress and rotation
This study examines the effect of the initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in a dry long bone, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. The governing equations of motion are formulated in terms of displacements, capturing the anisotropic nature of the bone materials. A continuum mechanics approach with differential equations is utilized to compute phase velocity and vibration frequencies of harmonic wave propagation through the medium. Mathematica software is used for plotting the graphs. The current study discussed two cases: Case I is without rotation, and Case II is with rotation. Comparison analysis is also done for both cases. Graphical representations demonstrate the impact of initial stress, magnetic field, and surface span on wave behavior, emphasizing the sensitivity of phase velocity to these parameters. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge of wave transmission in orthotropic bone structure, with possible implications in noninvasive diagnostics, including bone integrity and fracture healing rates. Moreover, the study provides the groundwork for future orthopedic research by shedding light on the dynamic behavior of long bones under mechanical and magnetic forces. The novelty of the study lies in its exploration of the combined effects of initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in dry long bones, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Analysis of SH and anti-plane SH wave signals for nanosensor applications using two distinct models of piezoelectric materials lead zirconate titanate
The primary goal of the current study is to examine the effects of wave propagation on the performance of surface acoustic wave (SAW) macro- and nano-sensors. Therefore, shear horizontal waves (SH) in an orthotropic piezoelectric layer laid on top of an elastic framework (Model I), a piezoelectric substrate, and an orthotropic piezoelectric substrate (Model II) are studied using the surface piezoelectricity theory. The study used a variable-separable methodology. Theoretical forms are developed and used to show the wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium based on the differential equations and matrix formulation. A piezoelectric material half-space with a nano substrate and an orthotropic piezoelectric material layer over an elastic framework are the two configurations that are investigated. Frequency equations are expressed analytically for both symmetric and anti-symmetric waves. The study looks into how phase velocity is affected by surface density, anisotropic piezoelectric constant, surface elastic constants, and symmetric and antisymmetric modes. The study is limited to the propagation of linear waves. Furthermore, the analysis is predicated on the material's surface characteristics and idealized material qualities. Surface effect study is the novelty, which is conducted in the piezoelectric model and its applications in sensors. The findings of this research may be useful in designing SAW devices. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Case Analysis of Evolving and Successful Practices in Water Governance in Asia
Water governance is a critical issue across Asia, where countries face escalating challenges such as water scarcity, pollution, and inefficient management systems. This paper contributes to the field by offering a comparative analysis of innovative and successful governance practices from multiple Asian countries, including Pakistan, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, and Jordan. Unlike prior studies that focus on isolated national or local contexts, this research synthesizes diverse governance models to highlight scalable innovations and transferable strategies. Key insights include the effectiveness of decentralized governance frameworks, inclusive stakeholder engagement, and data-driven policy integration. These practices are evaluated for their potential to inform context-specific water management solutions that are both sustainable and resilient. The study also emphasizes the alignment of governance strategies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). By bridging theoretical insights with practical applications, the research addresses critical gaps in the literature and provides actionable frameworks for policymakers to strengthen water security across the region. 2025 Policy Studies Organization. -
Defect Engineered Few Layered MoS2 for HumanMachine Interface
Ultrasensitive flexible devices have huge applications in many areas, like healthcare monitoring, humanmachine interaction, and wearable technology. However, improving the sensitivity of these devices is still challenging. In the current study, a flexible non-contact sensing system is designed with a humanmachine interface using defect-engineered, few-layered Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The fabricated sensors show high sensitivity when monitoring proximity, humidity, and in-plane applied strain. The output performance demonstrates the influence of surface defects, which greatly impact the average surface charge of the nanosheets. The experimental measurements and in-detail density functional theoretical (DFT) calculation further reveal surface charge variations on the basal planes that correlate with topographic defects and increase sensitivity. The electrical signals for different gestures of human hands are used to illustrate the identification of multidirectional bending and sliding events. These findings will contribute to understanding the effect of surface defects that play an important role in sensing applications with humanmachine interface. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Cobalt-Based ZIF-67 Metal Organic Framework for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
This investigation explores the efficacy of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67), a cobalt-centric metal-organic framework, in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. A comprehensive analysis of ZIF-67's structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical attributes is conducted using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UVvis) absorption spectroscopy. The photoelectrochemical performance of ZIF-67 is evaluated on various substrates, including UV-ozone treated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates and carbon paper. This study demonstrates enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance from ZIF-67 through strategic substrate engineering. UV-ozone treated FTO/ZIF-67 achieves -138A/cm2(five times improvement vs untreated FTO), while ZIF-67/carbon black delivers -390A/cm2 (4 times higher than literature ZIF-67/BiVO4 composites). Comprehensive analysis (SEM, XRD, BET: 1416m2/g, UVvis: 2.03eV bandgap) reveals how surface hydrophilicity and conductive additives enhance charge transfer, validated by EIS, and chronoamperometry. These findings establish substrate optimization as a powerful strategy for advancing MOF-based photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Role of Ionic Liquids in Hydrothermal Synthesis of Li-Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Improved Photocatalytic, Electrochemical, and Antibacterial Properties
Lithium-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Li-CuO NPs) were synthesized via an ionic-liquid-assisted hydrothermal method to examine the role of ionic liquids in tailoring structural and functional properties. PXRD analysis confirmed phase-pure monoclinic CuO (JCPDS/PDF No. 45-0937), with a reduction in crystallite size from 46nm (CuO) to 39nm upon Li incorporation. BET analysis revealed mesoporous characteristics with a specific surface area of 85m2 g?1 and an average pore diameter of 10nm. Optical studies showed a red shift in absorption and a band gap narrowing from 2.61eV (CuO) to 2.35eV (Li-CuO), indicating enhanced visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic performance of Li-CuO NPs was evaluated using Evans Blue dye under visible-light irradiation, achieving 96.67% degradation within 2h, along with good stability over repeated fourth cycles. The effects of various parameters, including pH, catalyst loading, dye concentration, illumination intensity, and the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, were also investigated. Electrochemical studies demonstrated enhanced redox activity and improved charge-transfer behavior for dye sensing. In addition, Li-CuO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, attributed to lithium-induced defects, and increased surface reactivity. These findings highlight ionic-liquid-assisted lithium doping as an effective approach for improving the multifunctional performance of CuO-based nanomaterials. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Sustainable Peanut Shell-Derived Carbon Dots for Fluorescent Sensing of Pb2+ Ions
Lead (Pb), a chemical element, is highly toxic even at low doses and can cause permanent harm with immediate life-threatening consequences upon short-term exposure. Its toxicity poses a significant risk, particularly to young children, leading to lifelong severe health issues. Detecting lead is crucial, and there is increasing interest in adopting eco-friendly approaches, such as utilizing carbon dots (CDs) derived from biomass. In our present study, we have synthesized CDs from peanut shells (PNS) through a straightforward pyrolysis process and employed various techniques to characterize these PNS-based CDs. Our findings reveal that these CDs emit fluorescence at 455 and 574nm when excited at 285nm, particularly in the presence of nanomolar Pb2+ ions. Notably, these PNS-derived CDs (PNS-CDs) demonstrate remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for detecting Pb2+ ions. A limit of detection (LOD) of 16.59nM was determined for the sensor, corresponding to a linear concentration range of 16.622.2nM. This study proposes a novel and simple one-pot pyrolysis method to synthesize CDs from PNS for the rapid testing of lead contamination in the environment, which holds great promise for sensor applications. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Fluorescent Carbon Dots From Simarouba glauca for Food Safety Applications
The increasing use of food colorants to improve the visual appeal of food products presents challenges in maintaining their safety and quality. While there are numerous safe, natural, and synthetic colorants available, the food industry frequently resorts to using banned dyes to cut costs and boost profits. Consequently, detecting food adulteration involving prohibited dyes is vital. This research presents a quick and effective fluorescence sensor designed to identify metanil yellow dye in water and real samples. A simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique was employed to produce carbon dots (CDs) using the leaf extract of Simarouba glauca, which detected metanil yellow dye within a concentration range from 100nM to 70 M. The fluorescence sensor developed displayed a linear response at lower concentrations, with a detection limit of 7.14nM. Additionally, the CDs identified metanil yellow dye in two popular Indian sweets, Mysore Pak and Laddu, achieving a recovery rate of 97.23%108.33% and 90.00%104.17%, respectively. Moreover, the CDs successfully detected metanil yellow dye in two brands of turmeric powder available in the market, achieving recoveries ranging from 94.44%110.00%. These results highlight the potential uses of these CDs in environmental monitoring and various sectors, including food and confectionery, utilizing metanil yellow dye. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Antiproliferative Evaluation of QuinolinePyranocoumarin Hybrids as Potent DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
A series of novel quinolinepyranocoumarin hybrids incorporating quinoline and coumarin moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. The key scaffold, 2-amino-5-oxo-4-(quinolin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile, was obtained via a one-pot reaction in 92% yield at room temperature. Ten derivatives (4a4j) were characterized by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Docking studies against TOPO II? (PDB ID: 5GWK) revealed compound 4b with the best binding affinity (?8.02kcal/mol), outperforming doxorubicin. In vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and K562 cells showed lower IC50 values for MCF-7, and cell cycle analysis indicated G2/M arrest consistent with TOPO II inhibition. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Pharmaceutical Waste-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots via Microwave Method for Selective Au3+ Ion Detection
Heavy metals released in various ways into water bodies is a key concern for environmental protection. Their nonbiodegradability and the health risks associated with these heavy metals in the environment exacerbate the problem. Scientists worldwide are addressing the issue through various approaches. Among them, the fluorescence approach is unique in its simplicity and rapid results. In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from an expired vitamin B12 tablet using a simple microwave-assisted approach. The resulting CQDs showed sustainability, good photostability with quantum yield (30.08%), water solubility, prolonged storage stability, and produced a brilliant blue emission when exposed to UV light. These CQDs exhibited stable photoluminescence attributes across a wide range of ionic strengths and pH levels. Au3+ ions effectively quenched the PL intensity of CQDs in a linear, selective, and sensitive approach. We demonstrated Au3+ sensing in aqueous conditions utilizing CQDs as the fluorescent probe, with a limit of detection of 41nM. This work has been demonstrated to create an efficient and cost-effective method for detecting auric ions in wastewater effluents. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Nanostructured Carbon-Coated Barium Ferrite for Efficient Cr(VI) Adsorption: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation
The study reports the synthesis of nanostructured carbon-coated barium ferrite via a combined in-situ pyrolysis and co-precipitation approach. The resulting material was characterized using XRD, TEM, and BET analysis, confirming its nanostructure and high surface area. The adsorbent demonstrated efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions, achieving up to 92% removal under optimal conditions. Adsorption followed a multilayer process with pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the material retained significant efficiency over six reuse cycles. These findings highlight the potential of carbon-coated barium ferrite as a promising adsorbent for water purification applications. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Effective Oil and Dye Adsorption Using Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained from Combretum indicum Leaf Extract
This study describes a green and sustainable method of producing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Combretum indicum leaf extracts in aqueous and alcoholic solvents. The synthesis parametersextract concentration and pHwere optimized to achieve high yield (85%), small crystallite size (2035nm), and monodisperse particles. FTIR, PXRD, SEM, TEM, and UVvisible spectroscopy indicated the synthesis of monoclinic CuO NPs with mixed morphologies (spheres, rods, and plates), as well as phytochemical surface functionalization. The NPs exhibited multifunctional performance: alcoholic extract-derived CuO NPs showed exceptional dye adsorption (?95% removal of Methyl Orange in 180min), while aqueous extract-derived NPs demonstrated high oil adsorption (90%). Antimicrobial activity was strain specific, with significant efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (3.7mm zone of inhibition). The solvent-dependent surface chemistryhydrophilic for dye removal and hydrophobic for oil adsorptionhighlights the potential for tailored environmental remediation. This eco-friendly approach offers a promising route for synthesizing versatile CuO NPs with applications in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial strategies. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Porous Carbon Nanospheres and MXene Nanocomposites for Enhanced Energy Storage Devices
In the present work, we prepared the porous carbon nanosphere from a biomass precursor (CNS) and made a composite of CNS with MXene (Ti3C2Tx) in various ratios. All the CNS:Mxene composites were electrochemical evaluated in three-electrode system in 3M KOH electrolyte solution with techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The 6:4 CNS:Ti3C2Tx MX ratio was found to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a higher specific capacitance of 527.5 Fg?1 at a current density of 0.25 Ag?1. A symmetric device study was carried out with 6:4 ratio of CNS:Ti3C2TxMX composite in S4R-SS316 type Swagelok cell. The device exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 45.0 Fg?1 at a current density of 0.25 Ag?1, with a higher power density of 2500 Wkg?1 and very low energy density of 6.25Wh Kg?1. Thus, the electrochemical performance of the CNS/Ti3C2Tx MX composite exhibited a combined electrical conductivity from the MXene, and the porous nature and significant surface area from CNS, which improved the wettability implying the potential of CNS:MXene composites for enhanced energy storage. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Catalytic Conversion of 2- Methyl Phenol to Salicylaldehyde Using Manganese-Oxide Doped Cellulose-Derived Carbon Spheres
In this study, we report on the hydrothermal synthesis of MnOx-anchored carbon spheres as an effective catalyst. A new method is employed to prepare carbon spheres from cellulose. Using a solvent-free process, the prepared catalyst is used to convert o-cresol to salicylaldehyde. Methods including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDS mapping, and HR-TEM are used to examine the structural and morphological characteristics of the catalyst. It is confirmed from the BET analysis that doping with MnOx increases the surface area of the carbon spheres. At standard atmospheric pressure, the conversion of o-cresol to salicylaldehyde is highly selective due to the enhanced surface area and active sites of MnOx-doped carbon spheres. Under atmospheric pressure, the MnOx/CS catalysts show excellent efficiency, yielding 96% salicylaldehyde in under 1 h. This study underscores the feasibility of using MnOx-doped carbon spheres as a robust catalyst for the controlled oxidation of o-cresol. The results show that the catalyst has a great deal of activity and effectiveness, as well as being cheap and reusable, which greatly increases its potential for real-world catalytic applications. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Tracing the Legal Invisibility and Challenges of Same-Sex Couples in India
Although the Supreme Court's decision in Supriyo v. Union of India (2023) concerning marriage equality rights of same-sex couples has gained public attention, couples continue to face legal invisibility as the Court left the question of legal recognition to parliament. This study examines the legal challenges faced by same-sex couples in India in accessing marriage, family formation, healthcare and housing rights and seeks to understand their lived experiences in the context of limited legal recognition. It highlights how the lack of recognition deepens social vulnerability while also exposing couples to discrimination and, in some cases, abuse. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 couples recruited via snowball sampling, and data were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that the participants continue to face legal blockades in exercising their rights, underscoring the need for urgent legislative reform. 2026 Policy Studies Organization. -
Intellectual Capital, FinTech Innovation, and Sustainable Performance: Moderating Role of Financial Literacy
In a fast-paced digital world of growing sustainability demands, organizations must utilize knowledge-based and financial resources in order to stay competitive and accountable. Even though there is increasing academic interest, the empirical evidence on how and when the major dimensions of intellectual capital (IC), human, structural, and relational capital, combine to contribute to sustainable performance (SP) remains fragmented and inconclusive. Given this, the present study empirically investigates the impact of IC, including human, structural, and relational capital, on SP. It also aims to examine the potential impact of FinTech innovation (FI) and financial literacy on IC and SP. Based on the Technology innovation theory and Resource based view, this study develops and empirically tests the proposed model that integrates intangible knowledge resources and technological capabilities to explain SP. Data were collected from 413 managers of the Indian banking industry. Structural equation modeling and Hayes Process were used to test the hypotheses. The findings exhibit that IChuman, structural, relational capital, and financial literacyplay a significant and positive role in FI and SP. The path analysis also confirmed a significant role of FI on IC and SP. This study suggests that managers and policymakers can improve the banking performance in an eco-friendly manner by actively resorting to investments in knowledge resources and digital transformation initiatives. Accordingly, the study model offers an integrative framework showing how financial institutions can ensure SP by converging IC, FI, and FL. 2026 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
On StressStrength Reliability Estimation for the Generalized Inverted Exponential Distribution Under Unified Hybrid Censoring
Stressstrength reliability (SSR) analysis plays a fundamental role in reliability engineering, particularly when lifetime data are subject to censoring due to cost or time limitations. In this article, we study the estimation of the reliability parameter (Formula presented.) when the strength (Formula presented.) and stress (Formula presented.) follow the two-parameter generalized inverted exponential distribution (GIED) under a unified hybrid censoring (UHC) scheme, which ensures both a prespecified number of failures and a bounded test duration. Classical inference is developed via maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm, and the corresponding asymptotic confidence intervals are obtained. Bayesian estimation is carried out using MCMC methods under a generalized entropy loss function, along with HPD credible intervals. The UMVUE of (Formula presented.) is also derived for comparison. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators under different censoring scenarios. The results indicate that Bayesian methods, particularly under informative priors, often provide improved estimation accuracy in heavily censored cases. Two real data sets are analyzed to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposedmethodology. 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.