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Predictive Analytics for Stock Price Forecasting: Machine Learning Techniques in Financial Markets
Stock market forecasting is significantly challenging because financial data generally exhibits non-linearity, and volatility is highly presented. Traditional methods such as the ARIMA model and NN fail to take a good grasp of intricate and complex temporal patterns in changes related to market trends. By overcoming these limitations, it makes use of LSTM and combines GAN networks. The LSTM exploits the historical stock price data for temporal dependencies, whereas GAN produces realistic synthetic data to augment model training. The Stock Market Dataset was used, and the proposed model was implemented using Python with TensorFlow and PyTorch frameworks. The hybrid LSTM-GAN model resulted in better performance with an RMSE of 0.0125, MAE of 0.0093, and R2 of 0.926, thus outperforming LSTM and traditional forecasting models. This work greatly enhances the accuracy of forecasting, avoids overfitting, and promotes performance in volatile market environments. The results are extremely useful for investors, financial analysts, and trading platforms because they can make better predictions. 2025 IEEE. -
An Intelligent Model for Detecting Cervical Cancer Using U-Net Segmentation and YOLO Classification Augmented with Lion Optimization
One of the leading causes of death for women is cervical cancer, and survival rates are significantly increased by early identification using Pap smear analysis. However, manually reviewing Pap smear images takes time and is prone to mistakes. Using an enhanced Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Transformer-like classification and U-Net-based nucleus segmen-tation, this study suggests an automated cervical cancer detection system. To increase feature extraction, the image is preprocessed using techniques such as edge detection, contrast enhancement with CLAHE, and greyscale conversion. The PR-processed image is segmented using U Net segmentation. A YoLo-based CNN optimised with the Lion optimiser (Evolved Sign Momentum) is used to classify the segmented nuclei to improve convergence and accuracy. Results from experiments show that our model outperforms con-ventional methods in terms of classification accuracy. By lowering reliance on manual screening and increasing early diagnosis rates, this automated approach can help medical practitioners detect cervical cancer more quickly and accurately. 2025 IEEE. -
Enhancing Stock Price Prediction: A Multi-Model Framework Integrating Technical Indicators and Sentiment Analysis
This paper proposes a multi-model strategy that would improve the predictive power of stock prices by combining time-series analytics with external market indicators. The system allows five different base prediction methods; Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Enhanced Bidirectional LSTM (XLSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) which may use radial basis function (rbf), linear or polynomial (poly) kernels, Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). A stacking procedure which uses linear regression as a meta-model together with a voting ensemble method is then employed to link these base models. The feature engineering is thorough, as it provides for general price and volume data, a battery of technical indicators (SMA10, SMA20, EMA 12, EMA 26, MACD elements, and RSI14) and a general sentiment indicator (summarised financial news). Sentiment analysis is performed by a pipeline that is trained using RoBERTa and yields discrete numerical values (0 negative, 1 neutral, 2 positive). The model's capability is very rigorously gauged by the conventional metrics Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Directional Accuracy (DA). The real-world results demonstrate that the ensemble method is very efficient where the stacking arrangement leads to the lowest total MAPE of 0.6027 % MSFT and the highest directional Accuracy of 75.86 % GOOGL, thus, providing a strong evidence for the effectiveness of the thorough integration of heterogeneous machine-learning, statistical, and sentiment- analysis methods to produce the most accurate financial forecasts. 2026 IEEE. -
A Systematic Approach for Enhancing the Curriculum Development based on the Gap Analysis to Meets the Standards of Accreditation
The article focuses on the identification of gaps in course outcomes and program outcomes in an outcome-based education. The identified gaps help in the redesigning of the curriculum as per the standard of accreditation, new education policy of India and industry-academia related gap. The gaps are identified on the targets and the attained value of course outcome of a particular course. The course outcomes are in turn related to program outcomes and on this basis, we could be able to identify the program outcomes which are not attained. This helps us in the formulation of new curriculum or redesigning of existing curriculum. In this research paper we will discuss how to calculate the attainment of any particular course, attainment of program outcomes, identification of gaps and the suggest the action plan to fill this gap through the revision of curriculum. 2026 IEEE. -
AI that Understands Us: LLM-Based Emotion and Stress Insights from Online Communication
The large language models (LLMs) show more accurate interpretation of human emotion and psychology from text which is available on the social media chats. This study analyses emotion recognition and stress detection capabilities of fine-tuned LLMs (GPT-2, FLAN-T5 and LLaMA-7B) using text data from social media and conversation logs. The models were tested for performance using the publicly available emotion language datasets, DailyDialog, EmotionX and GoEmotions. The models were evaluated for performance and efficiency using classification accuracy, macro-F1 score, and inference time. The results identify the performance spectrum of the models and the large models' enhanced ability to recognize detailed emotional states. These results offer real world applicability of LLM methodologies to stress detecting and decision-support automated systems in mental healthcare. 2026 IEEE. -
Infrared Eye Tracking: Unlocking Communication Pathways for Coma Patients
Eye tracking technologies have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in assessing and facilitating communication in patients with disorders of consciousness, including patients in a coma. Traditional methods of diagnosis rely on behaviour responses, which are non-existent or very minimal, thereby resulting in misdiagnosis or delayed intervention. Eye tracking provides an objective, non-intrusive means to measure ocular movement, visual interest, and response patterns, which may enable clinicians to make inferences regarding cognitive processing and residual consciousness. Furthermore, these devices provide a window of opportunity for the creation of minimum communication, enabling patients to communicate needs or preferences utilizing gaze-supported interfaces. This paper discusses current eye tracking systems, their application in the clinical field, and the prospect of applying them in the integration of these devices into conventional diagnostic and therapeutic routines. The findings stress that eye tracking not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but offers a platform for patient-centred communication, which eventually contributes to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life. Of the methods discussed (EOG, VOG, and infrared), infrared eye-tracking system had the best overall balance of spatial precision, responsiveness, and patient comfort and thus functioned best for diagnostic detection and communication based on gaze in this population. 2026 IEEE. -
Face-Based Kinship Verification using Deep Embeddings for Low-Cost Health Record Linkage
Precise linkage of health records is essential for continuity of care, reducing duplicate health records, and accurately documenting family medical histories. Genomic testing offers the evidence-based biological 'gold standard' for verifying kinship; however, access to testing is either impossible or unavailable in most low-resourced environments due to prohibitive costs, long timelines, and/or lack of infrastructure. This study provides a low cost and interpretable pipeline for kinship verification in the form of Siamese deep embeddings. The processed facial image embeddings produced by a ResNet-18 backbone using 256-dimensional and L2-normalized embeddings, are then compared using cosine similarity. A validation-based calibration process selects the logit polarity and decision threshold that support stable deployment decisions. Grad-CAM visualizations can be interpreted frame-by-frame and allow for pair-specific attributions of faces that were more relevant or important in decisions of similarity. In experiments on the Families in the Wild (FIW) dataset (family-disjoint splits), we report ROC-AUC of 0.834, target balanced accuracy of ?0.88, with similar precision, recall, and specificity. The confusion matrices also illustrate a near symmetric distribution of errors by family and both Grad-CAM explanations highlight how the model came to a decision for true cases and hard cases. The above results illustrate how we can deploy a lightweight, explainable, and face-based kinship verification pipeline on a CPU-only system. Our study therefore provides a feasible assistive tool for health record linkage where genomic validation is not possible. 2025 IEEE. -
Predicting Financial Market Volatility Using Regression and Machine Learning Techniques
In standard Simple Linear Regression (SLR), one of the major assumptions is that the error terms have constant variance (homoscedasticity). However, this assumption is frequently violated in many real-world datasets, resulting in inefficient estimates and reduced predictive accuracy. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a hybrid modeling platform that combines SLR with statistical and machine learning methods. The approach starts with SLR to identify the main linear relationship. Whenever residual diagnostics report the presence of heteroskedasticity, an Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model is used to estimate time-varying variance. Such estimated variances are utilized in a Weighted Generalized Least Squares (WGLS) model, which stabilizes the error structure. Finally, to capture any remaining nonlinear patterns, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied on the residuals of the WGLS model. By layering these techniques, the hybrid framework improves both stability and predictive power. Simulation studies and empirical tests on Apple Inc. stock data confirmed that the hybrid framework yields reduced MAE and RMSE values and greater explanatory strength than individual approaches. 2025 IEEE. -
Charting the Complexity of Diabetes Risk using Network-based Exploration of Nonlinear Interactions
Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge shaped by complex clinical, demographic, and socioenvironmental factors. Traditional linear models often overlook the non-linear dependencies that drive diabetes risk. This study adopts a systems-thinking approach by integrating mutual information (MI)-based network modeling with machine learning to improve prediction, interpretability, and fairness. Using a nationally representative CDC dataset, we build a weighted undirected network where variables are nodes connected by MI-derived edges. Centrality analysis identifies age, HbA1c, and BMI as key hubs. Community analysis reveals clinical, demographic, and racial modules, reflecting the multidimensional nature of diabetes risk. These network insights inform feature selection for training logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models. XGBoost achieves the highest accuracy (95.3%) and AUC (0.939), while logistic regression offers the best calibration (Brier score = 0.045), enhancing clinical usability. Subgroup analysis shows stable predictions across racial groups, supporting fairness. This integrated framework uncovers latent, non-linear associations and offers a robust, interpretable, and equitable tool for precision diabetes risk modeling. 2025 IEEE. -
Wheat Disease Diagnosis using Transfer Learning on Convolutional Neural Networks
Wheat disease identification is essential for agricultural output and food security. Traditional diagnostic approaches are slow, ineffective, and need expert assistance, restricting their ability to grow in agriculture. Suggested innovative diagnostic method uses transfer learning on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to effectively identify and classify wheat leaf diseases. To increase model predictions, high-quality image datasets from open-access platforms are normalised, resized, and augmented. The proposed CNN model performed best with 98.90% accuracy, 98.87% precision, and 98.80% recall. Transfer learning improved model performance by recycling knowledge from pre-trained CNN architectures, reducing training time and enhancing feature extraction. The results show improved precision as well as strength over standard methods and before. This technology helps farmers and agricultural professionals make timely disease management and crop management decisions. To improve disease recognition, future study may use a wider dataset range and other CNN designs. 2025 IEEE. -
Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Level Shifter at 45nm, 90nm, and 180nm Technology Nodes using Cadence
In this work, a CMOS inverter-based level shifter in Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (DCVSL) is constructed and its operation is investigated. The width and length variations of transistors at three technological nodes 45, 90, and 180 nm are compared based on the circuit behaviour. A critical analysis of the impact of supply voltage scaling on NMOS and PMOS transistors is also presented. There is also a comparison of the effects of transistor widths and lengths, as well as supply voltage variations of 1.8V, 1.5V, and 1.0V, on circuit performance. Additionally, this study compares wavelength variation and its impact on device attributes. Dynamic power, static power, energy, and delay are evaluated at the transistor and direct current levels. The Cadence Virtuoso simulation tool illustrates the variations in inverter performance under various scaling conditions. The results demonstrate that careful optimization of transistor dimensions and supply voltage can significantly enhance the performance and power efficiency of the level shifter, providing valuable insights for low-power, high-speed VLSI applications. 2025 IEEE. -
Deep Learning Ensemble for Neuro-Oncological Diagnostics: Fusion of VGG-16 and Convolutional Neural Network Architectures
Brain tumors are potentially fatal, prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to appropriate treatment and management. MRI is a key method for locating tumors in the brain. This study introduces a HYBRID deep learning for binary classification of brain tumors, combining a pre trained VGG16 model with tailored CNN and Neural Networks. The fusion of these models is done via feature concatenation followed by a common classifier. This fusion helps in capturing both high-level abstract and task-specific features critical for classification. To help minimize overfitting and improve generalization, the models are subjected to rigorous data augmentation including rotation, zooming, and horizontal flipping, normalization, and resizing of images to 150 150 pixels. All models are trained and validated using the same data splits. Performance is determined by accuracy, training and validation loss, confusion matrices, and visualization with Matplotlib plots and Plotly which provide a vivid insight into the models. Experiments are conducted to determine the different model performances and the hybrid model attained an accuracy of 98.14%, which was higher than the standalone VGG16 (93%), CNN (91%), and NN (88%) models. 2025 IEEE. -
Early Warning System for Engine Failure Detection in Aircraft Engines Using Machine Learning
Aviation has a problem with engine defects which are a major concern. Unforeseen causes might render them expensive on the ground and hazardous in the air. We present a system that signals when an aircraft engine is about to fail. Our AdvancedModelTrainer checks a collection of models - Random Forest, XGBoost, Gradient Boosting, LightGBM, Ridge, Lasso, ElasticNet, and a simple neural network - through a dataset of 10,000 engine cycles along with 25 engineered features. Hyperparameter tuning and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) metrics help to select the top two (Gradient Boosting and XGBoost, RMSE 39.99, R2=0.7715). A complete MLOps structure keeps an eye on the drift, initiates the retraining process, and sets up dashboards that are user-friendly for the mechanics. The system has detected on 1,433 new engines, 1,126 were classified as Safe, 106 as Warning, and 201 as Critical, which is indicating the coverage of 93.44The dataset used was completely anonymized in order to safeguard sensitive operational data and to not conflict with the aviation data privacy regulations. 2025 IEEE. -
A Novel Framework for Integrating Machine Learning in CSR to Accelerate Sustainability in the Indian Automobile Sector
This paper aims at determining the suitability of using machine learning in CSR in enhancing sustainability of the Indian automobile industry. Prominent automobile companies are known to be major sources of environmental pollution together with wastage of various natural resources. There is a challenge of incorporating sustainability policies in the sector due to the rising regulation and consumers' awareness. Machine learning contains new approaches to managing resources more effectively, minimizing emissions and providing transparency of goods to clients. This study scrutinizes the previous literature, outlines the machine learning-based framework system of CSR activities, and validates the applicability of the system using case studies and qualitative data. The results show that learning from data can improve sustainability at an extensive scale and that the changes are sustainable and financially advantageous. 2025 IEEE. -
Optimizing Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Through AI and Deep Learning Algorithms
A Primer for Cancer Center Leaders Session 2 Natural Language Processing for Biomedical Text Medical data is not only numeric but also composed of unstructured text. These algorithms listen to various medical imaging, genomic data, and electronic health records to find correlations that can predict different diseases. Using convolutional neural networks to analyze images and recurrent neural networks to process sequential data, AI systems improve diagnostic accuracy and minimize the risk of human error. Additionally, deep learning algorithms targets patient-oriented drug administration by predicting therapeutic responses of individual patients, enhancing treatment response. Incorporating AI into clinical workflows allows us to synthesize vast datasets in real-time, provide clinicians with action items, and advocate for evidence-based medicine. However, problems including data privacy, model interpretability, and the need for large, annotated datasets continue. Such solutions in the form of explainable AI and deep learning would play an integral role in promoting the usage of these technologies over a longer duration in the medical ecosystem. This work shows how AI and deep learning can open avenues that may fundamentally change disease detection and treatments, leading to improved diagnosis and treatments tailored to the individual patient. 2025 IEEE. -
Credit Card Fraud Detection with ADASYN Oversampling and SHAP-based Interpretability: A Comparative Ensemble Approach
Credit card fraud continues to be a significant threat to financial systems, exacerbated by the highly imbalanced nature of transaction datasets and the opaque decision-making of complex machine learning models. This paper proposes a hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) oversampling to address class imbalance and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to enhance model interpretability. Five machine learning classifiers Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Multilayer Perceptron - are evaluated on the widely used Kaggle credit card fraud dataset. ADASYN significantly improves the minority class representation in the training set, enabling models to achieve higher fraud recall without overwhelming false positives. Among the models tested, Random Forest delivered the best trade-off between precision (85.7%) and recall (79.6%), achieving an F1-score of 82.5% and ROC-AUC of 0.9633. SHAP analysis provided granular insight into feature contributions, transforming black-box predictions into transparent and auditable decisions. Comparative analysis with eight state-of-the-art studies demonstrates that while recent approaches often report near-perfect results, the proposed model strikes a balance between predictive performance, computational efficiency, and interpretability qualities essential for practical deployment in financial fraud detection systems based on benchmark transactional data. The study highlights that integrating ADASYN with ensemble learning and SHAP can create a robust, explainable, and scalable fraud detection system suitable for deployment in dynamic financial environments. 2025 IEEE. -
Geochemical Data Exploration using Machine Learning Methods
This study introduces a novel ensemble model combining Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting algorithm (GBC). The model's performance is compared with the two single layered model namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) on a publicly available dataset. Further, Performance is measured using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall. To have the excellence in detection of types of rocks based on its properties this research explores the stacking approach, contributing in the field of geological studies and also for future exploration making it effective and efficient in identification of mineral deposits. 2025 IEEE. -
Deep Learning-based Cybersecurity Framework for IoT Environments
The article "Cyber Security In IOT using deep learning Approach"presumably states the pressing need for increased cybersecurity within the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. It stresses the distinct problems brought by IoT settings, such as distributed systems and heterogeneous devices, that make the old methods of security inoperable. The article we underscores the promise of deep learning and AI as novel solutions for identifying and foiling cyberattacks, but also notes the emergence of adversarial AI employed by cybercriminals. In addition, it urges proactive cybersecurity measures and ongoing surveillance to counter changing threats, especially with IoT networks becoming increasingly complex with applications in smart cities and other industries. The abstract can conclude by emphasizing the need for continued research into AI-based cybersecurity solutions to guarantee effective protection against emerging threats. 2025 IEEE. -
Deep Learning-based Cybersecurity Framework for IoT Environments
The article "Cyber Security In IOT using deep learning Approach"presumably states the pressing need for increased cybersecurity within the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. It stresses the distinct problems brought by IoT settings, such as distributed systems and heterogeneous devices, that make the old methods of security inoperable. The article we underscores the promise of deep learning and AI as novel solutions for identifying and foiling cyberattacks, but also notes the emergence of adversarial AI employed by cybercriminals. In addition, it urges proactive cybersecurity measures and ongoing surveillance to counter changing threats, especially with IoT networks becoming increasingly complex with applications in smart cities and other industries. The abstract can conclude by emphasizing the need for continued research into AI-based cybersecurity solutions to guarantee effective protection against emerging threats. 2025 IEEE. -
Artificial Intelligence in Banking Security-Technical Innovations and Challenges
The accelerating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the banking sector has introduced transformative possibilities for enhancing security frameworks against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. This research investigates the technical innovations driven by AI, such as machine learning algorithms, biometric authentication systems, and natural language processing, and their impact on improving fraud detection, cybersecurity monitoring, and compliance automation. The paper identifies how AI systems, through real-time analysis of large-scale transaction data, can locate abnormal behavioral patterns and respond proactively to potential threats, significantly reducing human error and response time. A detailed analysis of the current literature reveals a significant research gap in integrating explainable AI, secure data governance frameworks, and scalable models suited for diverse banking environments. The outcome of this research highlights the need for a balanced approach that fosters technological innovation while addressing regulatory compliance, ethical concerns, and operational constraints, paving the way for a secure and intelligent banking infrastructure. 2025 IEEE.