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Risk Factor Based Stage Advancement Prediction of Cataract Using Deep Learning Techniques
In modern world, Cataract is the predominant causative of blindness. Treatment and detection at the early stage can reduce the number of cataract sufferers and prevent surgery. Two types of images are generally used for cataract related studies- Retinal Images an Slit lamp Images. The quality of Retinal images is selected by utilizing the hybrid naturalness image quality evaluator (hybrid NIQE-PIQE) approach. Here, the raw input image quality score is and Deep newlinelearning convolutional neural network (DCNN) categorizes the images based on quality newlinescore. Then the selected quality images are again pre-processed to remove the noise present in the images. The individual green channel (G-channel) is extracted for noise filtering. Moreover, hybrid modified histogram equalization and homomorphic filtering (Hybrid GMHE-HF) is utilized for enhanced noise filtering. The Slit lamp image quality selection is done using Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) model. Further a new algorithm Normalization based Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (NCLAHE) is used for image enhancement. Images are pre-processed utilizing the wiener filtering (WF) with Convolutional neural network (CNN) with adaptive atom search optimization (CNN-AASO) for removing the noise. Further, the denoised image is enhanced by Gaussian mixture based contrast enhancement (GMCE) for contrast enhancement. The cataract detection and classification is performed using two phases. In phase I, the cataract is detected using Deep Optimized Convolutional Recurrent Network_Improved Aquila Optimization (Deep OCRN_IAO) model. Phase II uses slit lamp images and detects the type and grade of cataracts through proposed Batch Equivalence ResNet-101 (BE_ResNet101) model.This work also proposes the risk factors for cataracts and classify the cataracts risk using deep learning models. The dataset is pre-processed by missing values and the string values are converted into numeric values. -
Risk Behavior Among Emerging Adults: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Perceived Family and Interpersonal Environment
Background: Evidence demonstrates that ambiance provided during childhood and the interactions of children with different social agents during childhood have an impact on their adult behaviour. Objective: The current research tries to explore the role of adverse childhood experiences and perceived family and interpersonal interactions in their resultant adult risk behaviour. Method: Around 613 emerging adults (1824 years; Male 343 and Female 270) from the northern districts of Kerala, India took part in the study. The participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques. A Semi-structured Questionnaire was used to understand the perceived family and interpersonal environment. In addition, a checklist (adopted from the risk behaviour scale and youth risk behaviour survey) was also employed. The checklist assisted to understand the presence of actual risk behaviours. Results: Hierarchical Logistic Regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that 87.2 % of the participants were engaged in at least one type of risk behaviour. Socio-demographic variables (gender and family type) and items of perceived family and interpersonal relationships and adverse childhood experiences were found to be significant predictors of emerging adult risk behaviour. Conclusion: The results further highlight the significance of childhood experiences and the current family environment of emerging adults in understanding their behaviour, and in designing evidence-based intervention program for emerging adults. 2023 The Author(s). -
Risk Assessment Model for Quality Management System
The ecological and economic risk assessment system and its cost were also factored into the document. The distribution of workplace challenges and hazards, represented by quantitative or subjective occupational risk metrics, was typical in the areas of building safety and environmentally responsible workers. Environmental risk assessment refers to the identification & evaluation of risks, the formulation & application of managerial decisions to lessen the chance of unfortunate conditions, and also the substantial decrease of materials or other damages. Risk assessment facilitates the transition from an area of uncertainty to one where outcomes are more or less expected. The Deming-Shewhart cycle, which would be fully linked to the policy process and performance measurement system, appears to be the implementation technique of the ecological and economic structure under consideration. It would be a cyclical sequence of the associated effective measures. A high degree of adaptability to any internally or externally stressful conditions would be ensured by the synthesis of the fundamentals of the management system & mechanisms for controlling environmental potential costs. This also guarantees the rapid identification of expert hazards, optimization and efficiency gains. 2022 IEEE. -
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Risk and Return Analysis of Socially Responsible Equity Investment for Optimum Portfolio
The sustainable development goals of industry, innovation and infrastructure aims at building sustainability by paving way for socially responsible investing. Socially responsible investing identifies investment newlineavenues that considers social and environmental responsibilities along with newlinefinancial return. The question of risk and return relationship and whether socially responsible investment outperforms conventional investment has been keen area of interest to empirically drive investors in order to establish an optimal portfolio for socially responsible equity investments. The aim of the study is identifying Equity investments which are Socially Responsible newlinefrom listed Equity investments in India, to examine whether socially responsible equity investments outperformed conventional equity newlineinvestments, to assess the equity investments performance which are socially responsible and equity investments which are conventional across different sectors based on the risk adjustment metrics for establishing an Optimal Equity portfolio which are Socially responsible with Sharpe Index newlineOptimization Model. The study identified socially responsible companies which adhered to sustainability reporting and disclosures of ESG from the total companies listed newlinein BSE and NSE as on 31.12.2021. Annual average return rate, standard deviation, beta and different risk adjustment metrics for evaluating the performance of equity investments which are socially responsible and the equity investments which are conventional was utilized by the study. The newlinesample period of the research between lies between 2012 to 2022. Correlation analysis as well as t-test have been performed using E-views software. Socially responsible equity companies showed significant strong positive newlinerelationship of risk and return than conventional companies. Commodities, Health care, Industrials, Information Technology and Telecommunication sectors outperformed conventional companies of similar sector. -
Rise of Populism in Northeast India: A Case of Assam
A blend of historical and contemporary forces has shaped populism in India. The Congress governments shortcomings (20042014), marked by dynastic politics and corruption, paved the way for the rise of populism, particularly under the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which capitalized on anti?elite sentiment. Narendra Modis leadership, characterized by Hindu nationalism and a development agenda, has significantly altered Indias political landscape. This study focuses on the rise of populism in Northeast India, specifically in Assam, where populist movements and leaders have increasingly influenced the socio?political environment. It explores the socio?economic conditions and identity politics that have driven the growth of populist ideologies, often leading to the marginalization of ethnic minorities. By analyzing key political events, movements, and policies, the research seeks to uncover the root causes of populism in Assam and its impact on democracy, social cohesion, and regional stability. Employing a qualitative methodology that includes political speeches, media analysis, and empirical evidence, the study examines how political leaders in Assam have mobilized regional and ethnic sentiments for electoral gains, further exacerbating ethnic marginalization. The article aims to understand the catalysts and consequences of populist governance in Assam, offering insights into the broader trend of populism in Northeast India and its future trajectory. 2024 by the author(s). -
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Rights based approaches to poverty reduction and development reality versus rhetoric
Over the past two decades erudite understanding of poverty has generated an overlapping consensus on what poverty entails. It is now almost universally accepted that poverty is multi-dimensional, and is a human rights violation that arises mainly from structural inequalities. The search for a holy grail of its reduction has seen widespread deployment of Rights-based newlineapproaches (RBAs), fronted by NGOs, since the turn of the century. In spite of this, coupled with a marked increase in development resources, poverty is proving to be robustly sustainable. The study determined the appropriateness and effectiveness of RBAs newlineas a guiding framework for sustainable poverty reduction and development. This entailed an assessment of the practical impact of RBAs and implementation of RBA strategies as well as identification of key variables necessary for successful rights-based development. As a descriptive survey, the study was underpinned by the pragmatism research philosophy, and employed a mixed methods approach with a concurrent embedded strategy that was largely qualitative but embedding a quantitative strand. Data were collected through interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In all 98 newlineparticipants from 25 villages and 9 organisations were directly studied newline(excluding observations) and were selected using probability and nonprobability sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic approach and SPSS. The results of the study highlighted that poverty which had increased during the period covered by the study, is still largely defined from the basic needs and income perspectives, and attributed to individual deficiencies. newlineUnderstanding of RBAs is weak and orientation on RBAs to staff and partners was inadequate. While the quality of development programs improved under RBAs, the quantity and distribution of development outputs and outcomes did not improve. -
Right to Education Sans Development: An Analysis of the Educational Status of Children Living in Slums
India, as a developing country, has been facing many challenges. Of them, providing free and compulsory education to all its children is one such challenge. Despite many efforts by the law makers and executives, education to all the children remains a distant dream. Poverty and accessibility are cited as two important reasons for the short fall. Comparing to their counterparts, the situation of children living in slums is more vulnerable to exploitation. Taking into account this scenario, the present study attempts to understand the various problems faced by the children living in slums in pursuing their education. The researcher is hopeful of getting some valuable insights into the issue to support suitable remedial measures to improve the educational status of children living in slums. Bangalore alone holds around 570 slums and above 5 lakhs of people living in them. The constitution already gives the right for free education, up to 10th standard which can be utilized by them, which in turn can help in free and compulsory education for everyone. If the people are educated they can improve their standard of living and so be able to create an atmosphere altogether better than the slums. The study tries to look upon the role of social and economic situation of children in their education. It also seeks to understand the reasons for the attrition rate and will strive to find out if there is any discrimination the candidate faces while pursuing education. It also focusing the the relevance of the present Right to Education Act, (2010) on the light of data collected. It also tries to find out some solution to improve educational participation of children living in the slums of Bangalore. Education is the gateway to success in life. The importance of education is not realised by all. Education has been thought to bring about a qualitative difference in the life of individuals and groups. Significance is to bring about a social change through information about the provisions of education and the right of every individual to education, it is expected that the demand for education will grow. This consciousness can be brought about through the process of education itself. It is one of the most important responsibilities of the governments and people involved in human affairs to find means and ways to make it available to all on an equitable basis. With an analysis of various articles, books, journals and research findings, the paradigm of the study becomes clear. Review done in the initial stage of the study, equips the researcher in a better way to understand the various concepts, key variables, methods and the history of the topic being studied. Review of literature is a collective body of works done by scholars and published in the form of books or in the form of articles in journals or published as monograph etc. Every research starts with a Review of Literature. These materials are gathered by the researcher from many sources such as journals, books, documents etc. The Researcher feels that it is essential to understand the problems faced by slum dwellers in getting access to education in the selected slums of Bangalore. Researcher also felt it important to compare the slums as they are distinct in terms of their social and economic conditions. For the present study, the researcher has selected two slums in Bangalore urban purposefully which is Bommanahalli and Kannahalli. Each slum is distinct in terms of its character and population. From each slum, 50 households were identified randomly from households with children below the age of 15, either school going or dropouts. The researcher has used the descriptive design for the study. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions relating to the educational status of children living in slums. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. Researcher has used both primary and secondary data. Primary data which is provided by the researcher is an original one. Researcher has collected these data from the slums selected. For the collection of primary data, the researcher has used Focus Group Discussions, Interview schedule and Interview Guide as tools. From the study researcher has understood that these people are socially and financially backward. Their income is not enough to satiate their daily needs, which makes it further difficult for supporting education. Their backwardness and illiteracy does not give them a proper job. This results in other members of the family including housewives also to work for supporting themselves. Most of the families in order to reduce their expenses have limited themselves to nuclear family structure and also the number of children is a maximum of two. In some families the parents are not taking any initiative in educating their girl child. Most of them consider it is a waste of money. They prefer only the career for their male child. The dropout rates are very high in these two slums. In each year, 20% dropouts are registered. Financial instability or the poverty is the main cause of dropout. Most of the children are going out for work so they are not getting proper time to study. Some of them are facing discrimination from their friends and teachers .High levels of discriminations reported in private schools. Some of them are lacking support from their parents. There is no good school in their locality and the distance of the school is also a main cause for high dropout rate. The parents cannot afford the travelling cost of their children. Less attention by the teachers towards the children is also a reason. People did not know about the RTE Act and its provisions or privileges. Most of them did not get admission on the basis of RTE. Some schools have not properly implemented the RTE Act. The researcher has brought out the following suggestions for the study or the problem. These suggestions are collected from the population selected for the study. The Government should be able to implement the Right to education act. It should be effective in each and every school, rather than being only in papers. Every effort to open more and more schools for the backward section in the society should be taken into prior consideration by the Government in the centre and also within the states. More concentration on educating the slum children should also be initiated and the Government should be able to open schools in the surrounding areas of slum. Right to education act, should not only be an act in papers and something which is kept within protected walls. All efforts for publicity of the Act should be taken in by the government. It should be publicized in such a manner that all the doubts concerning the act be cleared. More and more advertisement or campaign regarding the right to education act and its facilities should be initiated. The privileges of the backward sections be made cleared to them, so that these sections of society are aware of their privileges and are able to use it. All effort should be taken by the Government to provide some more privileges to the backward sections and they should implement that in a proper way. -
RIEMANN SOLITONS ON (?,?)-ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS
In this paper, we study almost cosymplectic manifolds with nullity distributions admitting Riemann solitons and gradient almost Riemann solitons. First, we consider Riemann soliton on (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold M with ? < 0 and we show that the soliton is expanding with (Formula Presented) and M is locally isometric to the Lie group G?. Finally, we prove the non-existence of gradient almost Riemann soliton on a (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold of dimension greater than 3 with ? < 0. 2023 Korean Mathematical Society -
Riding the waves of culture: An empirical study on acclimatization of expatriates in IT industry
The forces of globalization and subsequent trade across the borders have necessitated the firms to have their presence across the globe to meet the needs of their customers. The employees or expatriates will be sent on assignment to different countries for a period of time ranging from few weeks, months to years. This sudden exposure to the different environment not only makes these expatriates vulnerable to cultural shocks, but also may significantly affect their job performance. Their failure to acclimatize to the foreign conditions will not only hurt the confidence, career and life of the expatriate, but it will also cost a lot to the company. The present paper aims to understand of the process of expatriate adjustment in the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry by examining demographic variables and few organizational variables of expatriate's adjustment process. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the expatriate employees working in 50 IT companies in the Silicon city, Bengaluru. The study uses Chi-square test and linear regression for testing the hypotheses and found that there is a significant influence of demographic variables like gender, work experience and length of assignment on acclimatization of expatriates to their host country culture. The findings of the study proved that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the cultural acceptance of the expatriates. Hence, it is suggested that multinational companies should create an enabling environment within the organizations to make international assignees compatible and comfortable with different cultural values and inculcate cultural acceptance to make them successful in their international assignments. Raghavendra A. N., A. Shivakanth Shetty, 2018. -
Riding the La Poderosa Politics, Youth, and Motorcycle Diaries in Kerala
[No abstract available] -
Rice Yield Forecasting in West Bengal Using Hybrid Model
Agriculture in India is the primary source of revenue, yet farmers still face challenges. The primary goal of agricultural development is to produce a high crop yield. The Datasets collected for the study of real-world time series include a blend of linear and nonlinear patterns. A mixture of linear and non - linear models, rather than a single linear or non - linear model, gives a more precise forecasting models for time series data. The ARIMA and ANN prediction models are combined in this paper to create a Hybrid model. This model is used to predict rice yield for all 18 West Bengal districts during the Kharif season, based on 20years of information(20002019) collected from various sources such as India Meteorological Department, Area, and production Statistics, DAV from NASA, etc. The hybrid model aims to enhance efficiency indicators such as MSE, MAE, and MAPE, demonstrating excellent performance for rice yield prediction in all the districts of West Bengal. In the future, it can be applied to other crops that can support farmers in their farming. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Ricci solitons on Riemannian manifolds admitting certain vector field
In this paper, we initiate the study of impact of the existence of a unit vector ?, called a concurrent-recurrent vector field, on the geometry of a Riemannian manifold. Some examples of these vector fields are provided on Riemannian manifolds, and basic geometric properties of these vector fields are derived. Next, we characterize Ricci solitons on 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and gradient Ricci almost solitons on a Riemannian manifold (of dimension n) admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field. In particular, it is proved that the Riemannian 3-manifold equipped with a concurrent-recurrent vector field is of constant negative curvature -?2 when its metric is a Ricci soliton. Further, it has been shown that a Riemannian manifold admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field, whose metric is a gradient Ricci almost soliton, is Einstein. Universitdegli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" 2021. -
Ricci solitons and certain related metrics on almost co-kaehler manifolds
In the paper, we study a Ricci soliton and a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric on almost co-Kaehler manifold M satisfying a nullity condition. First, we consider a non-co-Kaehler (?, )-almost co-Kaehler metric as a Ricci soliton and prove that the soliton is expanding with ? = ?2n? and the soliton vector field X leaves the structure tensors ?, ? and ? invariant. This result extends Theorem 5.1 of [32]. We construct an example to show the existence of a Ricci soliton on M. Finally, we prove that if M is a generalized (?, )-almost co-Kaehler manifold of dimension higher than 3 such that h ? 0, then the metric of M can not be a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric, and this recovers the recent result of Wang [37, Theorem 4.1] as a special case. Devaraja Mallesha Naik, V. Venkatesha, and H. Aruna Kumara, 2020. -
Ricci recurrent almost kenmotsu 3-manifolds
In this paper, we obtain that a Ricci recurrent 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifold with constant scalar curvature satisfying ?? h = 0, h ? 0, is locally isometric to the Riemannian product H2 (?4). 2021, University of Nis. All rights reserved. -
Rhetorics in/of English language education in India: A case of digital natives in higher education programs
The study briefly analyzes the ELT situation in India which is replete with challenges emerging from the lack of engagement with the phenomenon of digitality that further shapes the existing nature of learning and the needs of the learner. After locating the position of English Language in the new education policy of India, the paper discusses the General English (GE) courses offered at undergraduate level at the city of Bangalore in India, thereby shedding light on the existing gaps between policy and practice. It is based on this conjecture that the paper suggests the possibility of introducing rhetorical practices in GE courses at undergraduate levels in various institutions in urban India. In order to substantiate this suggestion, the results of a survey conducted with the learners (N=359) of a GE course based on rhetorics at a Southern Indian university is provided. Empirical data along with a brief reflection on the learners' voices are used in the study to examine the efficacy of the structure, administration and evaluation practices of this new course. The study thus opens up possibilities of initiating a discourse around the mode in which English language education and teaching is envisioned, formulated and implemented in undergraduate programs across urban India. 2020 ELE Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Rhetoric as an instrument for manipulation and distortion of truth an analysis of Orwell's 1984
Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, points out that all individuals indulge in rhetoric to demonstrate the truth or righteousness in what one wants to say. Problems arise only when rhetoric is used to appeal to emotions, rather than reason. In the current times, when rhetoric is used by leaders for propaganda, to whip up emotions in terms of nationalism and racism, George Orwell's remark that "political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable,"6 sounds relevant. The author examines Orwell's 1984 to demonstrate how rhetoric is a powerful tool in the hands of political leaders that can control the thoughts of individuals, to the extent of reducing them to non-entities. In an era where manufacture of consent is possible, the paper highlights how the quality of rhetoric has vitiated over time and the concern that the abuse of language prevalent in fascist regimes of Hitler and Stalin is slowly creeping into democracies too. A peaceful and harmonious existence is possible only when political leaders engage in responsible rhetoric and are willing to dialogue with dissenting voices. 2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Rheostatic effect of a magnetic field on the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in a five-dimensional magnetoconvective Lorenz system
This paper deals with a weakly nonlinear study of two-dimensional RayleighBard magnetoconvection using a simplified five-dimensional Lorenz model. The governing equations of the system are nondimensionalized and formulated in terms of the stream function and the scalar magnetic potential. A five-modal Fourier truncation scheme is employed and the resulting equations are scaled to obtain a five-dimensional autonomous dynamical system. The Hopf-Rayleigh number, signifying Hopf bifurcation, is numerically evaluated from the analysis of weakly nonlinear stability. Chaotic and periodic motions are depicted by plotting bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) diagrams and three-dimensional projections of the phase-space. For a fixed set of parameter values, increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field is found to increase the Hopf-Rayleigh number, thereby delaying the destabilization of the system's equilibrium points. It is shown that while low magnetic field strengths favor the onset of chaotic motion directly from the steady state, stronger magnetic field strengths favor the onset of periodic convection from the steady state prior to the appearance of chaotic motion. We observe here that the applied magnetic field regulates the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in the system and therefore, has a rheostatic control over chaotic and periodic behaviors. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
rGO-MoO3 Nanocomposite for superior methylene blue removal by adsorption and photocatalysis
Efficient MoO3 and rGO (0.5,1,2 wt.%)-MoO3 nanosorbent was prepared by facile hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques confirms the orthorhombic phase. Remarkably in 10 ppm MB dye, complete removal was observed for 1:3, 1:5, 1:3.3, 1:3 (mass of catalyst: volume of dye solution) ratio for pure, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% rGO-MoO3 nanocomposite, by merely stirring for one hour without any light exposure. The adsorption mechanism was examined in detail using different models including Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo second-order kinetic model. The composite sample, rGO (0.5 wt.%)-MoO3 is the most efficient nanosorbent whereas rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 showed the least adsorption. rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 was further used for time dependent study in the presence of UV and in the dark. The presence of UV enhances removal due to the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis. Scavenger studies were performed to analyze the mechanism of photocatalysis. 2024 Elsevier Ltd