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Cached-N-Proxy: An Intelligent Proxy Algorithm for Preventing Insider Email Threats to Mail Servers
Insider threats are serious security risks that come from people who work for or are contracted by an organization, such as partners, employees, or contractors. These people use their authorized access to commit hostile acts against the infrastructure, data, or assets of the company. Serious ramifications could result from these dangers, such as financial losses, reputational harm, data breaches, and possible threats to national security. Enterprises must strengthen their defenses with strong intrusion detection and prevention systems because of the growing attack surface for insider threats caused by the increasing adoption of digital technology and remote work habits. Organizations must use a combination of preventive strategies and detection mechanisms, such as privileged access management (PAM), role-based access control, data loss prevention (DLP) techniques, two-factor authentication, and thorough insider threat awareness training, to effectively combat insider threats. 2024 IEEE. -
Cadmium as an Endocrine Disruptor That Hinders the Reproductive and Developmental Pathways in Freshwater Fish: A Review
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element with sub-lethal effects even at low concentrations. The persistent nature of Cd and its tendency to bioaccumulate eventually create harmful effects on water biota, including fish. Cd affects various aspects of hormonal action in fish since it bioaccumulates in the endocrine system and hinders the synthesis, secretion, and metabolic activity of hormones, causing severe damage along the hypothalamuspituitarygonadal axis. Linking reproductive and developmental impairments in fish with ecologically relevant concentrations of individual metals can be challenging due to the complexity of aquatic ecosystems. This review deliberated the significant and novel trends of toxicological difficulties and approaches, including elucidating environmental sources bioavailability and Cd-induced toxic effects in freshwater fish. Both acute and chronic exposure to Cd can cause a range of adverse effects, such as growth inhibition, impaired reproductive capacity, endocrine disruption, and developmental abnormalities in freshwater fish, as evidenced by the present review. These investigations support the concept of Cd as a naturally available pollutant that causes irreversible damage in fish. These findings will help to understand the etiology of environmental circumstances that pose substantial dangers to fish health and are also crucial for preventing and treating exposure-related reproductive disturbances in freshwater fish due to environmental pollution. 2023 by the authors. -
Cadmium toxicity in medicinal plants: An overview of the tolerance strategies, biotechnological and omics approaches to alleviate metal stress
Medicinal plants, an important source of herbal medicine, are gaining more demand with the growing human needs in recent times. However, these medicinal plants have been recognized as one of the possible sources of heavy metal toxicity in humans as these medicinal plants are exposed to cadmium-rich soil and water because of extensive industrial and agricultural operations. Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely hazardous metal that has a deleterious impact on plant development and productivity. These plants uptake Cd by symplastic, apoplastic, or via specialized transporters such as HMA, MTPs, NRAMP, ZIP, and ZRT-IRT-like proteins. Cd exerts its effect by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interfere with a range of metabolic and physiological pathways. Studies have shown that it has detrimental effects on various plant growth stages like germination, vegetative and reproductive stages by analyzing the anatomical, morphological and biochemical changes (changes in photosynthetic machinery and membrane permeability). Also, plants respond to Cd toxicity by using various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Furthermore, the ROS generated due to the heavy metal stress alters the genes that are actively involved in signal transduction. Thus, the biosynthetic pathway of the important secondary metabolite is altered thereby affecting the synthesis of secondary metabolites either by enhancing or suppressing the metabolite production. The present review discusses the abundance of Cd and its incorporation, accumulation and translocation by plants, phytotoxic implications, and morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of medicinal plants to Cd toxicity. It explains the Cd detoxification mechanisms exhibited by the medicinal plants and further discusses the omics and biotechnological strategies such as genetic engineering and gene editing CRISPR- Cas 9 approach to ameliorate the Cd stress. Copyright 2023 Al-Khayri, Banadka, Rashmi, Nagella, Alessa and Almaghasla. -
Calcination process of porous metalorganic frameworks derived from nickel sulfide composites for supercapacitor and computer vision for investigating the porosity-electrochemical correlation
The utilization of metalorganic framework nanostructured electrode materials in supercapacitors and sensor applications is achieved by various chemical methods. In this study, we create NiS and NiS@MOF-BDC by employing nickel precursors and benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) as chelating organic linkers through a thermal reduction procedure at a temperature of 400 C to produce the composite. The composite heterostructure enhanced the conductivity, porous characteristics, and diverse potential morphological qualities. The production of composite electrodes demonstrates a specific capacity of 260F/g (104C/g) when subjected to a current density of 1A/g. Additionally, these electrodes exhibit exceptional cyclic stability, enduring 5000 cycles, when used with a 2 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, the synthesized composite HR-TEM images were analyzed using computer vision and AI techniques for estimating the porosity and investigating the enhanced electrochemical correlation. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Calcium Sulfide Based NanophosphorsA Review on Synthesis Techniques, Characterization and Applications
Calcium sulfide (CaS) is a widely investigated alkaline earth sulfide nanophosphor with promising applications in optoelectronics and biomedical fields due to its excellent photoluminescence properties. The selection of the synthesis method is a crucial factor in determining the efficacy of nanophosphors for various applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various synthesis techniques employed to develop CaS nanophosphors, including solvothermal, alkoxide, sol-gel, microwave, wet chemical co-precipitation, solid-state diffusion, and single-source precursor methods. The structural and optical properties of CaS nanophosphors are discussed in detail, highlighting the influence of different dopants on the emission color, which can be tuned from blue to red. The review also explores the potential applications of CaS nanophosphors in optoelectronics and biomedicine. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in developing CaS nanophosphors for various optoelectronic and biomedical applications, providing insights into the latest advancements and future prospects in this field. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Calculator using brain computer interface
This paper is undertaken with an aspiration to provide a new way to calculate that can be availed by exploiting BCI. Often it's said things moved at the blink of eye, now the time has come to make it true. This project is developed to ease the efforts in two different ways. First a mind controlled image viewer is build which can be used to change images at the blink of an eye. Second is a simple single digit calculator which lets the user choose the number and the operators just by focusing.Brain-Computer Interface aims to improve the detection and decoding of brain signals acquired by electroencephalogram (EEG). IAEME Publication. -
Calendar anomalies in the Indian stock markets: Monsoon effect
This paper deals with identifying the presence of monsoon effect in the Indian stock market using EGARCH model as well as the impact on the volatility of returns of the selected indices during the monsoon months in India. Daily time series data of closing price of four major indices i.e. Nifty 50, Nifty Smallcap 100, Nifty Midcap 100 and Nifty 500 over a period of sixteen years (April 2002 to March 2018) were collected and analysed. The results substantiate the fact that monsoon effect is present in the Indian equity market. The returns of Nifty 50 and Nifty 500 indices during the month of September were significantly higher. There was also a significant increase in the volatility during the month of September. No significant change was detected during the monsoon months for Midcap 100 and Nifty Smallcap 100. Monsoon effect was found in indices tracking top performing 50 stocks and 500 stocks listed in NSE. Hence, it can be inferred that monsoon effect is present in the Indian stock market. 2019, Allied Academies. -
Calibration of Optimal Trigonometric Probability for Asynchronous Differential Evolution
Parallel optimization and strong exploration are the main features of asynchronous differential evolution (ADE). The population is updated instantly in ADE by replacing the target vector if a better vector is found during the selection operation. This feature of ADE makes it different from differential evolution (DE). With this feature, ADE works asynchronously. In this work, ADE and trigonometric mutation are embedded together to raise the performance of an algorithm. The work finds out the best trigonometric probability value for asynchronous differential evolution. Two values of trigonometric mutation probability (PTMO) are tested to obtain the optimum setting of PTMO. The work presented in this paper is tested over a number of benchmark functions. The benchmark functions results are compared for two values of PTMO and discussed in detail. The proposed work outperforms the competitive algorithms. A nonparametric statistical analysis is also performed to validate the results. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Camera-based tri-lingual script identification at word level using a combination of SFTA and LBP features
This paper exhibit the identification of scripts at word level from the camera-based multi-script document images. The Camera-based document images suffer from noise while capturing documents and scripts are challenging to identify when noise is present. The scripts like Tamil, Punjabi, English, Oriya, Telugu, Gujarathi, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi, Bengali, and Urdu combinations considered. The experiment conducted on a large dataset consisting of 77,000-word images and each script has 7000-word images word images. The texture features are combined to get the highest recognition accuracy. The recognition rate is 77.94% and 82.39% from SFTA features and 89.82% and 93.94% from LBP features, by using KNN and SVM classifiers, for combined feature vector KNN has given 94.45%, and SVM has given 93.88% recognition accuracy. 2019 SERSC. -
Camouflaged Protocols of Womanhood: Inherent Paradoxes of Bengal
Contemporary India is part of a global community where modernizationand urbanization including consumerism is on the rise; but not leaving behind its historic cultural essence. Old scriptures, myths, folklore, literature, cultural proverbs as well as media, have a noteworthy role in shaping the perspectives of Indian people. The current study was done in parts of urban Bengal to explore the influence of these forces from socio-political, psychological as well as philosophical registers, in shaping the self-image and identity of contemporary women. 50 participants were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth interview method and data were analyzed following qualitative analytical methods keeping the cultural-relational-social context in perspective. The method of pluralism in the qualitative analysis was followed using three data analysis methodsGrounded Theory, Interpretative Phenomenological Approach, and Narrative Analysis. Analyses revealed anintriguing social-crafting of theconcepts of gender and identities of women through idealization and internalization of traits and notions incessantly presented through celebrated literature, myths, folklore, proverbs, and media. Furthermore, the analysis showed how the deep-rooted paradox, inherent in Bengals cultural discourse, is internalized even by educated urban women and infuses a sense of lack, vulnerability, self-loathing, blame, and stigma in their identity. On the contrary, it was also observed in a few instances that optimum use of media and global knowledge led to the construction of a new-age individual and subjective discourse. 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. -
Can Artificial Intelligence Accelerate and Improve New Product Development
Today, AI have successfully set up a good foundation in a broad scope of business processes. Associations including AI for product headway processes have uncovered more huge yields on hypotheses, better viability in their cycles, and effective utilization of resources. A sensible headway framework is paramount for capable product development, especially for complex endeavours. AI thinking is in like manner improving new product development. AI is probably going to experience clients in numerous areas. New yield evolution as in collaboration utilizes its capital and capacities to make another item or work on a current one. Product development is viewed as one among the fundamental cycles for progress, endurance, and recharging of associations, especially for firms in, by the same token, quick-moving or cutthroat business sectors. AI assists people's lives by expanding connections creating and multiplying items that can work with individuals' daily exercises in quite a large number of areas. Consequently, the impact of involving Artificial Intelligence for new developments is to induce things simpler. This paper attempts to outline the acceleration of new product development with the help of artificial intelligence technology. This study addressed the tailored AI in product improvement and product development transformation. Lastly, this article points out how AI accelerates product development and future outlook. 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Can bot be my mental health therapist? A pandemic panorama
[No abstract available] -
Can co-creating in CSR initiatives influence loyal customers? Evidence from the banking industry
Consumers are increasingly pressing organizations to adapt meaningful corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and seek avenues for co-creation. Study to investigate if CSR can help co-creation significantly contributes to the competitive advantage of banks. Many previous pieces of research have recognized CSR as a strategic imperative that may help businesses to build consumer loyalty. To address gaps in the literature based on the social identity theory and theory of social exchange, this article investigates the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty while considering the mediation effect of co-creation. The data were collected in India, and the sample contained 520 customers of banks. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The study findings show that CSR, directly and indirectly, impacts consumer loyalty through co-creation. The current study's findings aid banking institutions in determining how to design and implement strategies based on CSR and co-creation that could eventually result in consumer loyalty. 2023 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Can financial markets help attain carbon goals? Evidence from systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis and topic modelling
Purpose: This paper presents a conceptual framework based on an extensive literature review. The aim of this study is to deepen understanding of the relationship between carbon performance and the financial market by applying qualitative research approaches. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation has identified 372 articles sourced from Scopus databases, subjecting the bibliographic data to a comprehensive qualitativequantitative analysis. The research uses established protocols for a structured literature review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, machine learning-based structural topic modelling using Python and bibliometric citation analysis. Findings: The results identified the leading academic authors, institutions and countries concerning carbon performance and financial markets literature. Quantitative studies dominate this research theme. The study has identified six knowledge clusters using topic modelling related to environmental reporting; price drivers of carbon markets; environmental policy and capital markets; financial development and carbon emissions; carbon risk and financial markets; and environmental performance and firm value. The results of the study also present the opportunities associated with carbon performance and the financial market and propose future research agendas on research through theory, characteristics, context and methodology. Practical implications: The results of the study offer insights to practitioners, researchers and academicians regarding scientific development, intricate relationships and the complexities involved in the intersection of carbon performance and financial markets. For policymakers, a better understanding of carbon performance and financial markets will contribute to designing policies to set up priorities for countering carbon emissions. Social implications: The study highlights the critical areas that require attention to limit greenhouse gas emissions and promote decarbonisation effectively. Policymakers can leverage these insights to develop targeted and evidence-based policies that facilitate the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. Originality/value: The study initially attempts to discuss the research stream on carbon performance and financial markets literature from a systematic literature review. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Can Hubble tension be eased by invoking a finite range for gravity?
The estimation of the Hubble constant in the past few decades has increasingly become more accurate with the advancement of new techniques. However, its value seems to depend on the epoch at which the measurements are made. The Planck estimate of the Hubble constant from the observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the early universe is about 67km\s\Mpc, whereas that obtained from the distance indicators at the current epoch is ?73-74km\s\Mpc. This discrepancy between the two groups of measurement is termed as the Hubble tension which has gained much attention in the past few decades with growing significance as measurements from both, the early and the late universe, studies continue to produce results with increasing precision. In this work, we propose a modification to gravity by considering a finite range gravitational field as an alternate explanation for this discrepancy in the value of the Hubble constant. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Can Leaders Transform Humiliation Into a Creative Force?
The intractable group conflicts, mass killings, and genocides around the world attest to the role of humiliation as a negative force causing violence and destruction. Based on the analysis of the speeches of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the most important leader of Dalits (ex-untouchables) in India, it is suggested that leaders possess the capacity for creative use of humiliation. The creative use of humiliation is made possible by the innovation in constructing social identities involved in humiliation. Creative leadership can be an important catalyst that can transform humiliation into a positive force for social change. 2015 University of Phoenix. -
Can leaders transform humiliation into a creative force? /
Journal Of Leadership Studies, Vol.9, Issue 3, ISSN No: 1935-262X. -
Can menstrual cups become an alternative to sanitary napkins? A critical analysis among women in bangalore city
The topic of menstrual hygiene is always considered as a taboo to speak out in the public and even women hesitate to discuss their feelings or experiences about the same. With the help of revolutionary product called Sanitary Napkins, many women were able to understand their menstrual pattern and maintain their personal hygiene effectively. However, there has been number of new products flooding the market that is eco-friendly as well as economical. One such product is Menstrual cups and this research paper primarily tries to understand the consumer awareness and the usage of menstrual cups as an alternative to sanitary napkins among women in Bangalore city. Since sanitary napkins result in generation of ample amount of wastes and possess the risk of health hazards like TSS,UTI and yeast infections; this research focuses on understanding how women are ready for adopting eco-friendly method like menstrual cups. To understand the same, a sample of 138 women respondents were taken for the study from different age groups, educational qualification and income groups and were asked to fill a questionnaire. Their perception on menstrual hygiene, menstrual cup awareness and its usage are recorded, analysed and interpreted with the help of SPSS. 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved. -
Can mobile banking apps usage contribute towards the environmental sustainability: a mediation analysis
In digital transformation, digital finance has emerged as an alternative to conventional financial services. Currently, digital financial aspects and environmental sustainability are urgent issues receiving research attention for environmental mitigation. This empirical research addresses digital finance on environmental sustainability through mobile banking app usage. It is among the convenient digital financial technologies developed in recent years for the benefit of various stakeholders. The current model integrated UTAUT2 with perceived security and environmental sustainability. The partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis and other statistical power. This paper provides sustainable perspectives encouraging the Indian tribals to adopt digital technology in financial transactions. The findings have several important policy implications for developing countries, particularly vulnerable populace and those settled in remote areas. This research confirms the positive relations of mobile banking app usage on environmental sustainability through a cross-sectional approach. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Can mobile wallet usage contribute towards environmental sustainability? Evidence from a moderated mediation approach
This research empirically examines the antecedent factors influencing the relationship between mobile wallet use and environmental sustainability. The study adopted the UTAUT2 model with constructs of effort expectancy, performance expectancy, price value, mobile wallet usage, perceived security, and environmental sustainability. The research model was tested using a questionnaire-based response from 535 Indian Northeast tribal customers through a cross-sectional approach and examined the moderated mediation effect among the latent constructs. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the hypotheses and explain the variance, effect size, predictive relevance, and IPMA matrix. The results of this paper indicate that antecedent factors statistically and positively impact mobile wallet usage, contributing towards environmental sustainability. The outcome of this study encourages customers to adopt digital financial technology to promote environmental protection and reduce all forms of pollution. The findings help policymakers and mobile wallet service providers prioritise marketing attributes to enhance mobile wallet adoption. Moreover, managers should design tactics to augment confidence among older clients. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.