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Challenges in Plasma Spraying of 8%Y2O3-ZrO2 Thermal Barrier Coatings on Al Alloy Automotive Piston and Influence of Vibration and Thermal Fatigue on Coating Characteristics
Although Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) have found extensive application in automotive engines to enhance performance and to reduce fuel consumption and pollution, challenges of obtaining uniform and consistent coatings on non-uniform and irregularly shaped components are overcome only when the coatings are deposited via robot controlled APS or EBPVD. Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) is the most commonly used and relatively cost-effective method to make TBCs: but not all APS facilities are equipped with comprehensive coating accessories. In a reciprocating diesel engine, the bowl at the piston crown forms one side of the combustion chamber and includes the space between piston crown (generally 9% Si-Al alloy in light - medium duty diesel fuel vehicle) and cylinder head. To achieve maximum effective fuel spray distribution and combustion, normally the crown of the piston has complex contours. One of the many service related parameters to be monitored to reduce the innumerable faults contributing to the performance of the engine is vibration. This paper addresses the issue related with the challenges associated with the plasma spraying of consistent and adherent TBC on Al-9% Si research pistons and its complex contours by APS, subjecting the coated pistons to thermal fatigue tests and evaluation of the coating characteristics after subjecting to vibration. 2018 Elsevier Ltd. -
Challenges of Digital Transformation in Education in India
Online learning has been present since the 1960s and has risen in popularity over time. World-class universities have been using online teaching-learning methodologies to fulfill the needs of students who reside far away from academic institutions for more than a decade. Many people predicted that online education would be the way of the future, but with the arrival of COVID-19, online education was imposed upon stakeholders far sooner and more suddenly than expected. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, educational institutions began to explore digital ways to keep students studying even when they couldn't be together in person as governments enacted legislation prohibiting large groups of people from gathering for any reason, including education. The future of such a transition looks promising. However, transitioning from one mode of education to another is not easy. Historically, when educators adopt new tools, learning still continues in the conventional manner. Based on the responses of 176 students, this paper studies the challenges of Digital transformation in the Education sector. The research is extremely beneficial in evaluating the scope of societal opposition to change. 2022 IEEE. -
Challenges of Indian girls with maternal schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, earlier known as dementia praecox, is considered to be one of the most devastating mental illnesses due to its impact on the individual as well as family members. The Indian context characterized by ones rootedness to family, warrant enquiry about difficulties and burnouts faced by girl children.When it is the mother who is suffering from the illness, there tends to be a huge lag in terms of primary care giving. A disturbed home environment along with inadequate parenting have shown to adversely affect the girl children. The present qualitative research study aimed to explore challenges faced by the girl children with maternal schizophrenia with the help of 43 Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) across India. Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA)was adopted and interviews were conducted using a validated interview guide. Thematic analysis revealed that girl children whose mothers are diagnosed with schizophrenia faced challenges in self, family and social sphere of life. Neglect, self blame and the question why me were recurrent themes.They experienced difficulties in cognitive, behavioral and social domains. The added burden of family responsibilities and social stigma made the surroundings challenging.Exploring the world of girls with maternal schizophrenia would deepen our understanding about impact of schizophrenia on family members and aid us develop interventions to support the care givers. 2019 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved. -
Challenges of Treating Bilingual and Multilingual Stuttering
[No abstract available] -
Challenges To Democratic Consolidation In Ecuador - Space For Opposition And Indigenous Representation Under Rafael Correa And Lenin Moreno
The illiberal democratic trend currently sweeping the world has emerged as a major obstacle for democratic consolidation, leading to its acceptance as the new normal of democracy. This trend has been successfully reversed in Ecuador, but the country has encountered and still grapples with several obstacles that must be overcome in order to return to the democratic consolidation route. The study focuses on the issues of consolidation, emphasizing the space allotted for participatory democracy by the ruling elites. The study examines Rafael Correas and Lenin Morenos governments in the context of the democratic consolidation framework to determine their strategic actions, behavior, and interests. The scope of the investigation will be limited with the focus made-on the space allowed for the opposition and indigenous community representation, from 2008 to 2021, to determine the extent to which Ecuadors liberal democratic process is being consolidated. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Challenges to state control of territory: Comparative analysis of Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar
States around the world have lost control over their territory to armed non-state actors, including states like Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar in the Asian region. This article aims to understand why these states are unable to exercise control over all of their territory. The study identifies and examines four major challenges faced by states in maintaining control over their territory lack of state legitimacy and effectiveness, strategic motives of armed non-state actors, socio-economic motives of armed non-state actors and external intervention. A comparative analysis of the cases of Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar illustrates the wide relevance of these challenges faced by the states with respect to territorial control. The Author(s) 2021. -
Challenging the dichotomy: Examining parent socialization goals and behaviors regarding positive affect in Bengaluru, India
Parents' responses to youth positive affect (PA) have been dichotomized as enhancing and dampening. This dichotomy may not fit with cultural scripts about emotion in communities where a balance between positive and negative emotions is preferred. To assess parents' PA socialization in a culturally relevant manner for urban, middle-class families in India, we developed a new measure of parental goals about happiness and adapted the Responses to Adolescent Happy Affect Scale (RAHAS). We tested the psychometric properties of these measures and assessed relations among parental socialization goals and behaviors across 5 months. Our sample included 377 adolescent (84.4% girls; Mage = 14.47) and parent (63.9% mothers) dyads, primarily Hindu, in Bengaluru, India. Two parental goals factors emerged: Balancing and Controlling and Maximizing and Sharing happiness. Three factors emerged for the adapted RAHAS. Two factors were the same as the original RAHAS: (a) Enhancing strategies to upregulate PA and (b) Dampening strategies to downregulate PA. A third factor emerged: (c) Balancing strategies, which were culturally salient for families in India and aimed for moderation. Among socialization behaviors, Enhancing and Dampening were inversely related, while Balancing related positively to each. Balancing and Controlling goals were only correlated to Balancing behaviors. Maximizing and Sharing goals were correlated positively with Enhancing and inversely with Dampening. Longitudinally, Maximizing and Sharing and Balancing and Controlling goals were related to a significant increase and marginal decrease in Dampening, respectively. Challenging the dichotomy, our findings highlight the relevance of balancing to theories of PA socialization. 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Research on Adolescence published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Research on Adolescence. -
Challenging the Representation of the HumanAnimal Relationship in The Elephant Whisperers
[No abstract available] -
Championing inclusion: Understanding lgbt diversity and social support in the workplace
Purpose : This study investigated the impact of LGBT diversity management practices on the acceptance of LGBT employees by non-LGBT peers in Indian organizations. Based on classical social support theory and signaling theory, the study focused on how social support from co-workers and supervisors influenced this relationship. Methodology : Data were collected by surveying 546 employees across nine tech parks in the Indian IT/ITES sector. Partial Least Square (PLS) predictions and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted using Smart PLS version 4. Mediation and moderation analyses were also performed. Findings : The results exhibited that LGBT diversity management positively affected the acceptance of LGBT peers in the workplace (? = 0.298; t = 6.314; p = 0.00). Supervisor support was a complementary mediator (VAF = 0.33), while co-worker support moderated the association (? = 0.514; t = 15.916; p = 0.00). Practical Implications : The study presented managerial acumen regarding how social support from supervisors and co-workers enriched the efficacy of diversity management approaches. These outcomes were predominantly pertinent for organizations considering adopting an all-encompassing place of work for LGBT employees. Originality : This investigation delivered a distinctive offering by inspecting the role of social support in LGBT diversity management among the Indian IT segment. While based in Bengaluru, the study encouraged further investigation into additional businesses and geographies. 2024, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Chandra X-ray analysis of Herbig Ae/Be stars
Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars are intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars, characterized by infrared (IR) excess and emission lines. They are observed to emit X-rays, whose origin is a matter of discussion and not settled yet. X-ray emission is not expected in HAeBe stars, as they lack the subsurface convective zone. In this study, we retrieved observations from the Chandra archive for 62 HAeBe stars, among which 44 sources (detection fraction ?71 per cent) were detected in X-rays, with 7 being new detections. We use this sample as a test bed to conduct a comparative analysis of the X-ray properties of HAeBe stars and their low-mass counterparts, T Tauri stars (TTSs). Further, we compare the X-ray properties of HAeBe stars and TTSs with optical and IR properties to constrain the X-ray emission mechanism in HAeBe stars. We found no correlation between X-ray emission and disc properties of HAeBe stars, confirming that X-rays are not related to accretion shocks. About 56 per cent of HAeBe stars without any known subarcsec companions have lower plasma temperatures (kT ? 2 keV). We observe flaring/variability in HAeBe stars with confirmed low-mass companions. These stars show plasma temperatures > 2 keV, similar to TTSs. Guided by this information, we discuss the role of a T Tauri companion for X-ray emission seen in our sample of HAeBe stars. From the results obtained in this paper, we suggest that X-ray emission from HAeBe stars may not be related to accretion shocks or hidden TTS, but rather can be due to magnetically driven coronal emission. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Change in Outlook of Indian Industrial OEMs Towards IIoT Adoption During COVID-19
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is witnessing a steady increase in adoption by infrastructure and process industries. Industrial equipment manufacturers are one of the key stakeholders in this digitalization journey. The adoption of IIoT by the equipment manufacturers has been slower due to various valid reasons. The present pandemic COVID-19 created disruption in the factory operations in many parts of the world. This consequence has been hard on the manufacturing industry including the equipment manufacturers, and many of their strategic projects are slowing down or derailed. In India, a strict lockdown of three weeks which was later extended for another seven weeks was by far the longest lockdown effecting the industry and the equipment manufacturers. This study probes the impact of COVID-19 on the mindset of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) towards adoption of IIoT. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Changes in portrayal of antagonists in post 9/11 American cinema- Case studies on 'The Joker' and 'Khan' /
Alfred Hitchcock said, the better the villain, the better the film. If cinema has been a mirror to our times, the characters that populate one are reflections of us- the manifestations of our times. The antagonists in cinema are all that we dread and fear presented in different degrees of hyperbole, and to unswervingly desire and cheer their downfall at the hands has been an enduring appeal of cinema. -
Changes in Wage Trends and Earnings Differences in Kerala
In this article, the weekly earnings gap between men and women in Kerala is examined by a number of inequality indices such as the percentile ratio and the Gini coefficient. The entropy measures of inequality are used to decompose wage inequality into within-group and between-group inequalities. The earnings inequality between men and women has been increasing, even though their wage grows faster than mens wage. The indices of inequality suggest the growing wage disparity in the regular and casual labour market. The result reveals that the levels of education and earnings are positively correlated, but women with the same level of education earn much less than men in regular salaried work. The rising wage inequality of men and women during 20042009 were associated with the growth rate of wages in the same period. That is, the wage rates of both regular and casual workers have increased more than four per cent during the period that experienced the highest inequality. 2019, Indian Society of Labour Economics. -
Changes in wage trends and earnings differences in Kerala /
The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol.61, Issue 4, pp.624-638, ISSN No: 0971-7927. -
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Changing and unchanging domination parameters /
Graph Theory is a delightful playground for the exploration of proof techniques in discrete mathematics, and its results have applications in many areas of computing, social, and natural sciences. How can we lay cable at minimum cost to make every telephone reachable from every other? What is the fastest route from the national capital to each state capital? How can n jobs be filled by n people with maximum total utility? What is the maximum flow per unit time from source to sink in a network of pipes? How many layers does a computer chip need so that wires in the same layer don’t cross? How can the season of a sports league be scheduled into the minimum number of weeks? -
Changing customer mindset in adopting digital financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from India
Digital Financial Services (DFS) have been growing steadily all over the world. The COVID-19 crisis has reinforced the need for DFS. This study aims to examine the growth of DFS in the global and Indian markets and to analyze the factors that change the mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS during the pandemic. The growth of DFS is analyzed using secondary data. The changing customer mindset is studied and analyzed through primary data collected by a survey approach. The unit of analysis includes adults who use or prefer to use DFS. A total of 384 respondents, determined by Krejcie and Morgan formula, were personally interviewed. 384 is taken as sample size as this sample size avoids type II errors in the data analysis. The collected data were processed in SPSS21 software. The study results found that technological benefits (67.9%) have the most significant positive effect on changing people's mindsets and attitudes towards DFS followed by the pandemic forces (50.7%). Peer influences (33.2%) and perceived trust (38.3%) have also affected the change in mindsets and attitudes of adults regarding DFS. But the change in mindset is significantly and positively influenced by perceived risk (50.1%) rather than affecting negatively. So, the factors are confirmed again. The factors that drive changes in mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS are Pandemic Forces & Convenience, Perceived Safety and Security, User Benefits and Experiences, Peer Influences, and Perceived Trust during the pandemic. Ravikumar T, Rajesh R, Krishna T A, Haresh R, Arjun B S, 2022. -
Changing equations: Empowerment, entrepreneurship and the welfare of women
The world is a melange of varied cultures and norms. Some are similar, while others are strikingly different from the rest. However, every society has something in common: suppression of their women although the degree and extent may vary. It is not that women are incapable of playing those roles in society which have been dominated by men, but consistent and strategic oppression of the female sex has led many women to consider themselves as weak, powerless and a step below their male counterparts. The waves of feminism and movements to emancipate women have, to a notable extent, changed this perception. However, the world still associates women with the domestic sphere which includes rearing, nurturing and caring for children. While, this is important, this must seldom be the only role played by women. This paper while highlighting the importance of the role of women in the economic and public sphere, shall also explore the various means and steps that have been taken and further measures that can be taken to empower women and encourage entrepreneurship in developing economies such as India. The capability approach and welfare economics by Amartya Sen shall also be explored to understand how best such approaches could benefit the rural women and their empowerment. Developing economies simply cannot ignore even a fraction of their demography. This paper would thus like to bring to the fore that empowerment of women is as important to an economy as it is for their individual well-being, and ultimately their liberation. 2018 Journal of International Women's Studies. -
Changing look AGN Mrk 590: Broad-line region and black hole mass from photometric reverberation mapping
We present the results of photometric reverberation mapping observations on the changing look active galactic nucleus Mrk 590 at z = 0.026. The observations were carried out from 2018 July to December using broad-bandB-,R-, and narrow-band H ? and S ii filters. The B band traces the continuum emission from the accretion disc, the R band encompasses both the continuum emission from the accretion disc and the redshifted H ? line from the broad-line region (BLR), the S ii band contains the redshifted H ? emission and the H ? band traces the continuum emission underneath the S ii band. All the light curves showed strong variation with a fractional root-mean-square variation of 0.132 0.001 in the B band and 0.321 0.001 in H ? line. From cross-correlation function analysis, we obtained a delayed response of H ? line emission to the opticalB-band continuum emission of $21.44^{+1.49}_{-2.11}$ d in the rest frame of the source, corresponding to a linear size of the BLR of 0.018 pc. This is consistent with previous estimates using H ?. By combining the BLR size with the H ? line full width at half-maximum of 6478 240 km s-1 measured from a single-epoch spectrum obtained with the Subaru telescope, we derived a black hole mass of $1.96^{+0.15}_{-0.21}\times 10^8 {\rm M}_{\odot }$. 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Changing representation of women in recent bollywood cinema /
For almost a century, popular Hindi films rarely dealt with women issues and if it all it attempted to do so, the role of a women was restricted to be either that of nurturer or the epitome of sacrifice and forgiveness. Films like Mother India or Bandini glorified woman’s ability to give up her choices and even life for the sake of her family and dear ones. But post LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) this scenario has gradually changed. Today, we come across films where a woman not only expresses her choice but she is also unapologetic about herself. Cinema very interesting deals with gender representation in a consensually problematic manner where the provider of the image as well as the receiver of the medium believes that the space is designed to give women her place only in a particular way.