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Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: The Fatal Menace in Healthcare
Mapana Journal of Sciences, Vol-11 (1), pp. 31-47. ISSN-0975-3303 -
Ramifications of Climate Change Induced by Anthropogenic Factors on Global Fish Population Scenario
One of the important consequences of climate change is its effect on the global fish population. Though not very highly pronounced each year, the effect of climate change is of cumulative nature. Global aquaculture is being affected by temperature changes of both water and air. Fluctuations in the ocean surface temperatures, ocean current patterns, wind speeds, and wave directions, all have its impact on aquaculture. Each year we see more and more incidences of extreme weather conditions in different parts of the world, be it in the form of hurricanes, heavy floods, etc. Fishes are subjected to various stress factors which in turn take a toll on its growth and development. This can lead to lower weight gain and increased mortality due to higher susceptibility to diseases. This, coupled with direct unsustainable anthropogenic activities in the oceans and rivers may lead to collapse of the marine and freshwater ecosystem. Recent studies have identified specific regions where marine aquaculture production will be positively and negatively affected. One of the sustainable ways of developing aquaculture in the coming decades would be by developing region-wise strategies to maintain or increase fish population levels and thus meet the global seafood demands even in 2050. The current review is an attempt to assess the effects of ocean warming, ocean acidification, and ocean deoxygenation on the growth, survival, and diversity of marine lifeforms and suggest ways to stop a complete collapse of marine fish population by 2050, the year for which the complete collapse is predicted based on projections. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Agricultural nanotechnologies: Future perspectives of bio-inspired materials
Bio-inspired designs have been used by humankind in understanding and modelling novel materials which have applications in diverse fields like disease diagnostics, drug delivery, agriculture, energy storage, industry, etc. Superhydrophobicity, directional adhesion, structural colour, self-cleaning, antireflection, etc. are some of the useful attributes for which we have relied a lot on nano level biomimetics. Bioinspired nanolevel designs have been explored in the field of agriculture too. Such nanomaterials and nanodesigns have been used to increase crop yields. They also find uses in fertilizer application and replacement of many harmful chemical pesticides, which are generally overused. Increasing population, increased longevity of people and the urgent need for sustainable environment have led to a dire need for exploration and adaptation of such novel technologies which can help in feeding the growing population. Nanoscale products and technologies can also help in reducing the accumulation of excess fertilizers, pesticides, etc. in soil, which can go a long way in cleaning up the environment. The current attempt is intended to portray the latest developments and future possibilities of bioinspired NT in diverse fields of agriculture like synthesis and delivery of novel pesticides and fertilizers, nanocarriers for gene delivery, sensors to monitor and assess soil conditions, plant pathogen detection and plant nanobionics to detect pollutants. 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved. -
An ancestral genomic locus in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from India hints the genetic link with Mycobacterium canettii
Background: Tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health emergency. To better understand M. tuberculosis and to identify genomic variations characteristic to the Indian clinical isolates by a low-cost method, a genomic subtractive hybridization between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a clinical isolate from South India was performed. Results: This revealed a novel 0.4-kb subtractive fragment which was used as a handle to pull out a 4.5-kb genomic region characteristic to the clinical isolate and was absent in H37Rv. On further studies, this 4.5-kb region was found to be present in 91% of the M. tuberculosis clinical isolates screened from Kerala, a state in South India. Interestingly, this novel region has 99% identity (with 100% query coverage) with genomic regions of M. canettii. Discussion: The present study hypothesizes that this locus was present in the recent common environmental ancestor of mycobacteria, retained to the maximum extent in M. canettii and ancestral isolates of M. tuberculosis, and later deleted in other modern lineages of M. tuberculosis. Thus, this region may serve as one of the links between the pathogenic mycobacteria and the environmental species. We also propose that the Indian isolates of M. tuberculosis might be closely related to the putative progenitor M. prototuberculosis with respect to this locus. More studies on other genomic loci from different strains of M. tuberculosis are required to establish more links in this direction. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
An impact of antibacterial efficacy of metal oxide nanoparticles: A promise for future
Since its advent, nanotechnology has seen applications in diverse fields including the biomedical domain. Many metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) have shown good antimicrobial properties. Their small size and ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of bacterial species have made them promising candidates in our search of antimicrobial agents. Since, they don't target a specific protein in a microbial species, the chances of the microbe gaining resistance is also less. This is indeed a great advantage over antibiotics, most of which target specific proteins of bacteria. Most of the pathogenic bacteria have gained resistance against commonly used antibiotics. In this context there is a dire need of antimicrobials with a broader spectrum of action. Metal oxide nanoparticles like: ZnO NPs and CuO NPs easily fit into this category. They can suppress microbial growth by reactive oxygen species production, thereby causing damage to biomolecules, cation release, interactions with membrane and ATP depletion. One of the challenges with metal oxide NP is their cytotoxicity. Scientists are in search of degradable and less toxic metal oxide NP. The current review focuses on the relative advantages and limitations of various metal oxides NPs in inhibiting microbial growth. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Sustainable approach to life in water: Science and ethics of the oceans
Oceans have always remained a mystery to humankind. We owe the oceans the very air we breathe. Oceans are storehouses of nutrient rich food that can alleviate the hunger of many generations to come, offer rich minerals and medicines to cure many diseases, regulate the temperature of our planet, stabilize weather patterns, and provide livelihood for many in the fishing and tourism industry. But sadly they are overexploited and polluted to the core. The very fact that these mighty oceans have started showing the ill effects of anthropogenic activities itself is testimony to the tremendous greed of humanity. Among all the mighty oceans, the Arctic ocean is the most sensitive and vulnerable to these changes as it holds a pivotal position in maintaining life on Earth by different mechanisms. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 of the United Nations underlines the urgent need to conserve marine resources and give equal rights to people in all countries to enjoy these resources. The current review is an attempt to highlight the enormous number of ways in which oceans have helped humankind, the serious threats the oceans are facing now, and how best we can have a sustainable approach to halt the total crashing of our great ocean systems. 2021 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Multifaceted Anticancer Potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum
The past decade saw a revolution in the discovery of genetic and epigenetic factors paving way for various types of cancers. With a better understanding of the causes, comes a chance of wider possibility of targeting the root causes of cancer. Nature is a storehouse of natural anticancer molecules, many yet to be explored. Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek) is one such plant, having a huge potential for modulating prophylactic and therapeutic aspects of cancer. Cuisines world over make uses of this legume in multiple ways. This small herb has been found to be loaded with many secondary metabolites like diosgenin, coumarin, trigonelline and so on that reduce inflammation, promote apoptosis, act as antioxidants, regulates cell proliferation, etc., thereby reducing the effects of various hallmarks of cancer. Components of T. foenum-graecum extracts have been found to be effective in alleviating both solid tumours and blood cancers. The milieu of phytochemicals present in T. foenum-graecum has already been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties by several studies done in different parts of the world. The current chapter attempts to have a comprehensive look at the potential of various bioactive principles in Trigonella foenum-graecum to be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In today's global scenario, where cancer incidences are alarmingly rising, such natural remedies would indeed go a long way in preventing various types of cancer and imparting a better quality of life. 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Nanomedicine: Insight analysis of emerging biomedical research and developments
The field of nanomedicine has undergone a revolution owing to the specific optical, electrical, and mechanical behaviors of nanomaterials that are extensively utilized for the detection of biomolecules, improved therapeutics, and imaging of diseased tissues. Different cells have their own unique markers which can be detected by specific nanomaterials which in turn can be used to target micro levels of medicine in precision medicine. Most of the advances in nanomedicine will have effects on the healthcare delivery systems. More works have focused on screening procedures that have better sensitivity and specificity for disease detection, which in turn will greatly improve diagnostic and prognostic domains, thereby reducing healthcare costs. Nanomedicine has the advantages of facilitating early disease detection, quantification of tumor cells and toxicmolecules, delivery of drugs to specific cells like the tumor cells etc. This chapter deals with research and development in nanomedicine which has been a top priority in most of the developed countries, with a view to optimize factors like dose response, efficacy, targeting ability, safety and bioavailability. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved. -
Gut microbes: The miniscule laborers in the human body
Our physical and mental being largely depends on our dietary intake and the manipulations done on food by the gut bacterial flora in the digestive tract. Scientists have discovered a lot of previously unknown facts about the gut microbiota. They have been found to play a role in manifold processes, such as digestion, nutrient conversion, absorption, detoxification, and so on. In fact, people who consume plant-based and animal-based diets will have separate array of gut microbes. The composition of these microbiota will drastically change during a switch to a new diet. Deficiencies of adequate beneficial gut bacterial flora have been associated with many ailments. As there are billions of such microbes in our body, the number of bacterial genes could far outnumber the human genes in our body. The role of gut microbes in the proper functioning of the human digestive and nervous systems and its implications will be discussed in this chapter. 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
COVID-19: Trend analysis for market arrival of green gram in India
The unprecedented crisis hovering over the world due to Covid-19 pandemic has structurally impacted every sector of the world economy. This paper attempts to study the impact of ongoing pandemic in the agricultural sector specific to pulses in India. This paper finds that there is a significantly negative impact of Covid-19 on the pulses market. The market arrival of pulses has declined in the recent period while market demand for pulses has increased, therefore, there exists a supply side shortage for pulses in the domestic economy of India. This paper suggests that Government of India (Agriculture Department) urgently needs to deal with this shortage in supply of domestic pulses in "mandis" (agricultural markets). In this paper market arrival for pulses particularly green gram (Moong whole) has been forecasted for the next few months in Indian Agricultural Markets with the forecasting techniques such as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for pre and during pandemic period by using the arrival data in agriculture markets of India from Agmarknet. The results of this study using ARIMA models and ANNs have been compared to obtain the final conclusions with higher visibility in forecasting performance, which shows that there will be a sharp decline in market arrival with an average arrival of 494 quintals per day which can be maximized up to 623 quintals per day by stimulating the modal price at maximum possible point. Therefore, the urgent need of upscaling the technical efficiency of the farmers in different agro-climatic zones is needed to meet the domestic demand with domestic supply. 2020 DAV College. All rights reserved. -
Northeast and its portrayal in broadcast media - A picture beyond terrorism and insurgency /
Northeast India is a rich home of natural beauty and magnificence surrounding the seven sister states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the nearby hilly state of Sikkim. In any case it is a bizarre reality that such an inconceivable region of the nation stays inadequately spoken and noticed in the national cognizance. -
GUI-Based Percentage Analysis forCuring Breast Cancer Survivors
The modeling approach is increasing the intensity of research in all the domains. The present paper deals with predictive modeling and probabilities. Data analysis is a technique used to transform, reconstruct, and revise some information that is an essential step to achieve the goal or the end result. The present study involves the usage of logistic regression technique for data analysis. Various domain-specific methods pertaining to science, business, etc., are available for data analysis which plays a key role in decision-making and model building. The significance of this analysis is to get the percentage of the survival of patients with advanced breast cancer. 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A study towards constructing a reproductive health account as sub-account of health at sub-district level of India
Reproductive health is a state where everyone of the reproductive age cohort can make informed choices based on their reproductive health needs and reach a state of bliss and well-being. Informed choices are a possibility only if there is awareness regarding options of healthcare available. Awareness further indicates capacity to measure the worth of the options available in hand. One major aspect of measuring this worth is dominated by the financial aspect of awareness. -
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Effect of crude oil price changes on macro economy and capital market of India
Oil symbolizes an important role in the global economy. Crude oil or petroleum is an indispensable and a contributing factor for any economy. Several international crude oil price benchmarks (Brent, WTI, OPEC and so on) have always been tested through empirical studies to established certain cause-effect newlinerelationship and to determine their predictability. However, literature evidence is limited to Indian basket. Moreover, the need for forecasting this benchmark has newlinenot been acknowledged by the scholars. International crude oil price of Indian newlinebasket, also termed as Indian basket crude oil price, is the base of any petroleum newlineproduct pricing in India. Importing crude oil enhance the trade deficit of the nation. The present scenario of the global petroleum industry and the relationship among the major oil-producing and exporting countries are vulnerable. This situation increases the supply-side risk for the major oil-importing countries like India. In this state of affairs, it is vital to find out the factors that influence this price benchmark to reduce uncertainty. This research work aims to provide a holistic picture of the international crude oil price of Indian basket, considering the present scenario of the oil industry and lack of scholarly work on this field. Where on one side, the external factors affecting crude oil price has been determined, on the other hand how Indian economy and capital market is affected newlineby this price change have been found out. Triangulation method under a mixed approach has been adopted for this research work where quantitative and qualitative data collection have been run simultaneously. The time frame of the quantitative data collection is April, 2000 to March, 2018 and the frequency is newlinemonthly. Twenty experts have been interviewed to capture the qualitative aspects associated with the models. Four models have been proposed to execute the objectives. -
Introduction
In the digital era, signal processing has found application in daily life from medical diagnosis to social networking. The digital domain has evolved as the preferred choice in communication system design due to its advantages over analog systems, such as high-speed transmission, improved quality, and effortless copying with high precision. The advancement of digital media brings new opportunities. The internet boom of this millennium has allowed digital data to move around the world in real time. Efficient segmentation, recognition, and analysis of multidimensional data such as hyperspectral images, medical imaging, data analysis in social media, and audio signals are still challenging issues. Digital data produced through data-processing algorithms has the fundamental advantages of transportability, proficiency, and accuracy of information content; but such data is also at significant risk because perfect illegal replicas can be made in unlimited numbers. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Conclusion
Digital data produced through data-processing algorithms has fundamental advantages of transportability, proficiency, and accuracy; but on the other hand, the data thus produced brings in several redundancies. To solve this challenging problem with data transmission in network surroundings, research on information security and forensics provides efficient solutions that can shield the privacy, reliability, and accessibility of digital information from malicious intentions. Despite two decades of rigorous research, multicarrier communications still suffer from high complexity and low convergence, which have an immense practical impact. It is also more challenging to ensure proper transmission of multimodal data. Novel techniques have been proposed that can effectively abate these problems and provide good symbol error rate performance. The singularity expansion method provides a superior way to identify targets. This type of method may be useful for addressing contemporary problems faced by radar and antenna researchers. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Intelligent Multi-modal Data Processing
A comprehensive review of the most recent applications of intelligent multi-modal data processing Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing contains a review of the most recent applications of data processing. The Editors and contributors noted experts on the topic offer a review of the new and challenging areas of multimedia data processing as well as state-of-the-art algorithms to solve the problems in an intelligent manner. The text provides a clear understanding of the real-life implementation of different statistical theories and explains how to implement various statistical theories. Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing is an authoritative guide for developing innovative research ideas for interdisciplinary research practices. Designed as a practical resource, the book contains tables to compare statistical analysis results of a novel technique to that of the state-of-the-art techniques and illustrations in the form of algorithms to establish a pre-processing and/or post-processing technique for model building. The book also contains images that show the efficiency of the algorithm on standard data set. This important book: Includes an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art applications of signal and data processing Contains contributions from noted experts in the field Offers information on hybrid differential evolution for optimal multilevel image thresholding Presents a fuzzy decision based multi-objective evolutionary method for video summarisation Written for students of technology and management, computer scientists and professionals in information technology, Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing brings together in one volume the range of multi-modal data processing. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved. -
