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Combatting Phishing Threats: An NLP-Based Programming Approach for Detection of Malicious Emails and Texts
Attackers are employing more advanced strategies to trick people into divulging private information or carrying out harmful deeds, and phishing is still a serious cybersecurity risk. We provide a new method in this study that combines algorithms based on AI-based expert systems and deep learning (ML) with the use of NLP-based programming (NLP) approaches to identify fraudulent emails and messages. Using a variety of datasets that include samples of both authentic and phishing messages, our approach preprocesses textual data, extracts relevant characteristics, and trains AI-based expert systems and deep learning models. Metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to assess the effectiveness of different AI-based expert systems and deep learning methods, such as logistic regression, random forests, decision trees, and neural networks, among others. To collect semantic information and increase detection accuracy, we also investigate the integration of sophisticated NLP-based techniques, such as word embeddings. The efficacy of our suggested strategy in reducing this common cybersecurity issue is highlighted by our results, which show promising performance in correctly recognizing phishing attempts. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Combinational edge detection using multiple color channels and GrabCut
Identification of edges is very important in feature extraction and pattern recognition. An edge of an image detected by converting it from RGB format to a Grayscale image and can sometimes be inefficient and inaccurate. This inefficiency is caused due to various color differences that get erased or rewritten during the process of grayscale conversion. Edge locations in a colored image are derived by analysing the variations in the multiple color channels and merging the gradients in these channels to compute a single edge snapping vector field, which is derived using the Euclidean distances between two distinct pixels in an image. This lets to retain the various multidimensional characterizations of color channels of an image as the color differences can be closely calculated using human perceptions. Hence this method is proved to provide more accuracy in edge detection. Furthermore, the results are improved when combined with a finer edge detection method GrabCut, which allows the user to detect the edges in an image using reduced iterations. The proposed paper uses a combinational approach to efficiently acquire edges in the image by enhancing the color properties of an image and then using the GrabCut method to retrieve the edges present in an image. IAEME Publication. -
Combined effect of channel to rib width ratio and gas diffusion layer deformation on high temperature Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance
The present study investigates the combined influence of Channel to Rib Width (CRW) ratio and clamping pressure on the structure and performance of High Temperature-Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) using a three-dimensional numerical model developed previously. It also considers the impact of interfacial contact resistance between the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and Bipolar Plate (BPP). The structural analysis of the single straight channel HT-PEMFC geometry shows that the von-Mises stress greatly increases in the GDL under the ribs as the CRW ratio increases resulting in considerably high deformation. The cell performance analysis depicts the significance of ohmic resistance and concentration polarization for different CRW ratios, particularly at higher operating current densities. However, in low to medium current density regions, the CRW ratio has little influence on cell performance. A substantial impact on the species, overpotential, and current distributions is observed. The findings also reveal that the CRW ratio significantly affects the temperature distribution in the cell. 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC -
Combined weighted feature extraction and deep learning approach for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease classification using electromyography
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to a rise in respiratory disease-related deaths, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Early diagnosis of COPD is crucial, but it can be challenging to distinguish between different chronic pulmonary diseases due to their similar symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and time-consuming manual inspections. To address this issue, this paper explores the use of a deep learning model to differentiate COPD from other lung diseases using lung sound captured during Electromyography (EMG). The model includes steps such as noise removal, data augmentation, combined weighted feature extraction, and learning. The model's efficacy was evaluated using various metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, kappa coefficient, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), with and without augmentation. The results show that the model achieved 93% accuracy and outperformed other existing state-of-the-art deep learning models, increasing the robustness of clinical decision-making. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2023. -
Combining Text Information and Sentiment Dictionary for Sentiment Analysis on Twitter During Covid
Presence of heterogenous huge data leads towards the 'big data' era. Technique's proliferation is rapidly increasing data and making dynamic changes that results in 'big data' world. Progressive transition in technologies and adoption of social media in the society also stepped into the 'big data' epoch. Social media popularity is uprising attention in the community. This platform reduces the communication gap among people. Recently, tweeter use increased with unprecedented rate. Presence of social media like tweeter has broken the boundaries and touches the mountain in generating the unstructured data. It opened research gate with great opportunities for analyzing data and mining 'valuable information'. Sentiment analysis is the most demanding, versatile research to know user viewpoint. Society current trend can be easily observed through social network websites. These opportunities bring challenges that leads to proliferation of tools. This research works to analyze sentiments using tweeter data using Hadoop technology. This study explores the big data arduous tool called Hadoop. Further, it explains the need of Hadoop in present scenario and role of Hadoop in storing ample of data and analyzing it. Hadoop cluster, HDFS, and Hive are also discussed in detail. Researchers enthusiastic work is deeply studied and presented here. Dataset used in performing the experiment is explained briefly. Moreover, this research explains thoroughly the implementation work and provide workflow. Next session provides the experimental results and analyzes of result. Finally, last session concludes the paper, its purpose, and how it can be used in upcoming research. 2024 IEEE. -
Comic Memes and Sexist Humor in India: Tools for Reinforcement of Female Body-Image Stereotypes
Memes have been described as communicative and aesthetic practices that serve cultural, social, political purpose on a digital platform. Several studies, in the last decade, have attempted to study this digital aesthetic knowledge production as a powerful tool for political, racial, and gender-related discourses. Most often this knowledge is produced through comic multi-media texts. Many theorists believe that, digital media reinforces inequality, marginalization and such other social issues through the audio-visual-textual medium as much as it establishes the counter-discourses for equality, body activism, racial activism and the like. Speed and lack of censorship can be the cardinal reasons for the popularity of these memes. Among the mass-influencing gender-related memes are those encouraging fat-talk and body-image stereotypes. In the Indian context, 'Tag a Friend' memes is one such widely circulated meme which communicates body-shaming messages through sexist humor. It mainly targets the fat/colored/transgender women. The current study examines these memes using multimodal discourse analysis methodology. The paper attempts to investigate the revival/reproduction potential of color-shaming and body-shaming stereotypes via comic memes through Shiffman's memetic dimensions. The analysis establishes that memes can be a prominent site for the re-production of the problematic ideology of body/color shaming even in the 21st century. AesthetixMS 2021 -
Coming out of the desi closet: disclosure of same-sex sexuality in metropolitan-India
Coming out of the closet is a psychosocial process that entails the disclosure of ones non- heteronormative sexual orientation to family, peers, and the wider publica phenomenon that is necessitated by the prevalence of societal heteronormativity. With the recent legal decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual relationships in India, there is renewed interest in and emergent necessity to expand upon the existing academic discourse on the lives, rights, health and well-being of same-sex attracted individuals in India. The present study accumulates detailed narratives of disclosure of sexual orientation of five male and five female young-adults of same-sex sexuality from ages 18 to 25 in metropolitan cities of India. Thematic narrative analysis is used to gain insight into the factors of being in the closet, those underlying coming out of the closet, and the expectations from and impact of coming out to ones family. Five major themes have emergedthree restraint factors and two propulsion factors influencing sexual identity disclosure. Restraint factors are those that reduce the probability of coming out and these arean incessant pressure to conceal, perceived lack of stability and support, and anticipated disintegration of long-standing familial tradition. Propulsion factors act as catalysts of disclosure and these are target congeniality i.e. approachability of the target of disclosure, and parental validationwhich, when attained, enables the individual to come out more easily to others. The findings have been critically compared and contrasted with the existing body of literature in the domain, which sets the agenda for further inquiry. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
COMMENSALITY AND CULTURE: A SEMIOTIC READING OF IGBO TRIBAL LIFE IN CHINUA ACHEBES THINGS FALL APART
Foodin literary production signifies the culturalandcross-culturalrelations from which it is produced. The emergence of Literary Food Studies engages food as a signifier to magnify human relations and emotions. Food is a mosaic system of signs symbolising diasporic, class, caste, racial, and gender relations. The paper focuses on commensality, one of the mushrooming trends in literary food studies. Commensality is the act of eating together that helps to build relationships and create conviviality, the social pleasure among people. It helps to reinforce the identity and sense of belongingness among the community members. Drawing on the theoretical readings from Mary Douglas and Arjun Appadurais semiotics of food, the paper explores the possibilities of commensality in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart. The paper tries to argue that, commensality and its food practices along with representing togetherness could also symbolise the complex cultural functioning of the Igbo tribal community. The ingredients of the commensality, the culinary tools, and the order of eating convey cultural meanings. It throws light into the hierarchy and various power relations existing in the community. Copyright 2023 Sreelakshmi K P. -
Commensality and Togetherness in Becky Chambers The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet
Food in literature is always part of a symbolic act, as the characters within do not eat to stay alive as humans do, but rather, this depiction of eating is always a symbolic process. Food, especially in science fiction and fantasy fiction, works on an even grander scale by being an integral part of the world-building process. It operates on a two-fold scale by serving as a familiar anchor in futuristic and fantastical settings, while also functioning as a defamiliarizing agent that adds to the strangeness of the story world. Food is an incredibly complex motif to be explored in literature, but what will be concentrated on here is the aspect of commensality that is related to food and food practices. Commensality, often seen as related to conviviality, is the practice of sharing a table and consuming food together. This practice has connotations of the deeper meanings vested within food practices in a communal and social sense. These practices promote harmony and feelings of belongingness and togetherness. This paper looks at The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet (2015) by Becky Chambers through the lens of food to explore how commensality works to create a home and promote the feeling of togetherness amongst an inter-galactic space crew that consists of multiple alien species from radically different cultures and communities. 2022, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved. -
Commercialization potential of agro-based polyhydroxyalkanoates biorefinery: A technical perspective on advances and critical barriers
The exponential increase in the use and careless discard of synthetic plastics has created an alarming concern over the environmental health due to the detrimental effects of petroleum based synthetic polymeric compounds. Piling up of these plastic commodities on various ecological niches and entry of their fragmented parts into soil and water has clearly affected the quality of these ecosystems in the past few decades. Among the many constructive strategies developed to tackle this global issue, use of biopolymers like polyhydroxyalkanoates as sustainable alternatives for synthetic plastics has gained momentum. Despite their excellent material properties and significant biodegradability, polyhydroxyalkanoates still fails to compete with their synthetic counterparts majorly due to the high cost associated with their production and purification thereby limiting their commercialization. Usage of renewable feedstocks as substrates for polyhydroxyalkanoates production has been the thrust area of research to attain the sustainability tag. This review work attempts to provide insights about the recent developments in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using renewable feedstock along with various pretreatment methods used for substrate preparation for polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Further, the application of blends based on polyhydroxyalkanoates, and the challenges associated with the waste valorization based polyhydroxyalkanoates production strategy is elaborated in this review work. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Commercialization potential of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) recycled nanomaterials: A review on validation parameters
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polymer which is considered as one of the major contaminants to the environment. The PET waste materials can be recycled to produce value-added products. PET can be converted to nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, and nano coatings. To extend the applications of PET nanomaterials, understanding its commercialization potential is important. In addition, knowledge about the factors affecting recycling of PET based nanomaterials is essential. The presented review is focused on understanding the PET commercialization aspects, keeping in mind market analysis, growth drivers, regulatory affairs, safety considerations, issues associated with scale-up, manufacturing challenges, economic viability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the paper elaborates the challenges associated with the use of PET based nanomaterials. These challenges include PET contamination to water, soil, sediments, and human exposure to PET nanomaterials. Moreover, the paper discusses in detail about the factors affecting PET recycling, commercialization, and circular economy with specific emphasis on life cycle assessment (LCA) of PET recycled nanomaterials. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Commitment of Information Technology Employees in Relation to Perceived Organizational Justice
The IUP Journal of Organizational Behaviour Vol. XI, No. 3. pp 23-40, ISSN No. 0972-687X -
Community based open source geographical classical data analysis
The traditional Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have to be migrated to the internet eventually much like every other software today. The article has explored ways of utilizing the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards to come up with ways of achieving a workflow for the development of a service-based implementation of a customized Web Processing Service (WPS). The proposed concept has explored multiple workflows using various combinations of the publishing and development options and the simplest and the least resource intensive one has been identified as the outcome of this project. The workflow identified was then split into two section to make it even more simplify and adaptable, aiding development from the WPS that has to publish. The development process used for the final workflow is done without the use of a resource intensive IDE keeping in mind the major aim of the proposed model is to reduce the dependency on resource intensive software and services. The proposed model is built solely on open source platforms which are in tandem with second stipulation of proposed model is promoting community-based development. The proposed system provides the better execution time and retrieval time. The execution time is compared with similar system, open source Geographical system provide less execution time. The retrieval time is also reduced this indicated Quality of Service is increased. BEIESP. -
Community Consciousness and The Construction of Social Honour : A Study Among The Kurds in Finland
Research on honour has recently been overshadowed by discussions surrounding honour-related violence (HRV), particularly honour killings. Typically, inquiries into how the concept of honour, often associated with violent acts, is formed, and expressed on personal or communal levels remain unanswered or are only superficially explored. This study aims to uncover the social structures underlying the concept of honour, demonstrate its manifestation through social interactions, and elucidate how individuals respond to threats against their honour. Because of the many tragic instances of HRV within Kurdish diaspora communities, Kurds and Kurdish culture frequently feature in discussions concerning this phenomenon. Therefore, data for current research has been collected from Kurds living in the diaspora, specifically in Finland. The data were elicited through a combination of methods to be as comprehensive as possible. This included 24 semi-structured interviews with individual participants and four Focus Group Discussions involving 16 participants. A closer look at the data shows that the construction of Kurdish honour is based on a complex interaction of social structures. These structures can be broken down into three key elements: institutional, relational, and embodied factors. In this regard, the research has identified six structural components. The study demonstrates that the intensity of honour-related conflicts stems from an intricate interplay of structural factors. However, the relative weight of these factors determines the flashpoints of tension. Through the lens of structuration theory, the study demonstrates the role of everyday practices and dynamic social factors in shaping individuals' discursive consciousness around honour. Individuals' conceptualization of honour may sometimes diverge from its practical application, leading to a space for social negotiation where honour undergoes continuous reshaping into a dynamic equilibrium that impacts daily life. It's essential to recognize that this equilibrium varies among individuals. However, a threat to honour can prompt varying facework procedures, contingent upon individual characteristics and community expectations. Current Inquiry uncovers six distinct behavioural patterns individuals exhibit during a crisis of honour. The investigation of the participants' narratives reveals a diverse Kurdish culture, as evidenced by their different perceptions about the tolerable thresholds of honour violations and contradictory discourses concerning honour. The final significant finding is that the fear of dishonour typically outweighs the desire for honour among the Kurds, as indicated by both daily language use and chronological analysis of conflict cases. This observation holds significant implications, not only for reevaluating normative terminology but also for informing social and political preventive measures. -
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Community Resilience and Crisis Management: Stakeholders Perspective of the Tourism Industry
The tourism industry is very vulnerable and has been extensively impacted by varied types of crisis. An attempt is made to precipitate and reflect on the nature of tourism disasters indicating an imperative need for an integrated approach to deal with crisis with disaster planning and a response system. Destinations at crisis impacts humankind causing environmental impacts and economic downfall and largely impacts the local community to recover from the disaster. This chapter examines varied impacts affecting the tourism industry and addressed negative impacts like the Economic crisis and loss of brand image in the post-crisis situation. The conceptual framework indicates Community Resilience model towards destination development and Resilience Building. The role of key stakeholders supporting e-governance and financial resilience pertaining to tourism business is further examined. The chapter explores mechanisms to re-establish the brand image during the restoration phase and have indicated possible strategies and suggestions in the recovery phase of an affected region. Disaster risk reduction is a significant and major phenomenon in handling all kinds of crisis management, therefore this chapter will be an essential reading for tourism education and destination managers who are engaged in destination crisis planning and disaster management. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Community-based educational intervention on emotion regulation, self-esteem, and behavioural problems among school children
Recently, there has been a trend where higher education institutions are designing and implementing community-based educational interventions for underprivileged children in the community. It is important to understand whether these interventions are useful to the children in improving their psychosocial development. In this chapter, the author discusses the learnings from an explanatory sequential mixed methods study which aimed at assessing the impact of community educational intervention provided by a higher educational institution on self-esteem, emotional regulation and bbehavioralproblems among adolescents in rural Karnataka. The study included 250 adolescents who were beneficiaries of community educational intervention and another 250 who were non-beneficiaries. Besides this, the chapter also highlights the qualitative results grounded in the focus group discussions to understand the stakeholder's perspective on community educational interventions. Finally, the author demonstrates the processes and mechanisms of change and presents a critical discussion from the quantitative and qualitative data analytic lens. The author anticipates that community educational interventions provided by higher educational institutions are extremely impactful. Several critical factors of stakeholders, institutional, and rural communities might bring change and sustainability in benefits among rural adolescents. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Compact Dual-Band Millimeter Wave MIMO Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems
The article presents the compact dual-band MIMO antenna resonating at 27.5 and 32 GHz. The radiating structure is a rose-shape with elliptical slots and a horizontal slit to achieve the above resonances. The MIMO antenna dimension is 6.2 0 mm2, where an edge-to-edge distance of 1.82 mm separates radiating elements. The ground plane has simple slits to suppress the mutual coupling. The simulation results of the MIMO antenna is validated through measured and diversity parameter results. 2024 IEEE. -
Compact out-of-phase wideband substrate integrated waveguide based power divider loaded by slots for Ku and K band applications
In this paper a novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based single layer ground-loaded compact wideband out-of phase equal power divider is proposed . The wide-band and out-of-phase operation of the proposed power divider is obtained by creating defects in the ground plane with rectangular slots. The Defected Ground Structure (DGS) allows the power divider to exhibit a wide passband. The obtained passband is 11.5 GHz wide considering the return loss better than -10dB. Compactness in the proposed design is attributed to the dispersion characteristic of the slow-wave. The proposed design working in the passband from 14.5 GHz to 26 GHz is fabricated and tested. The size of the proposed design is 0.57 ?2g excluding feed lines. Here ?g is the guided wavelength at free space. The measured amplitude imbalance of (01) dB is obtained within the passband. The measured and simulated results are compared and found with in good agreement. 2019 IEEE. -
Compact substrate integrated waveguide power divider with slot-loaded ground plane for dual-band applications
In this paper, a novel design of compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band power divider is proposed. The dual-band operation of the power divider is obtained by exploiting the loading of slots on the ground plane. The electric-dipole nature of these slots allows the power divider to exhibit a passband below the cutoff frequency of the SIW. An in-depth description of the proposed power divider, supported by detailed parametric analysis over the operating frequency bands is reported. Design examples are illustrated to achieve different operating frequency bands. To validate the design studies, a prototype of the dual-band power divider operating at 4.7 GHz and 11.7 GHz is designed, fabricated and tested. The measurement results are found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. 2018 IEEE.