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Proposal of smart home resource management for waste reduction and sustainability using AI and ML
A research indicated that electricity is obliterating extra non-renewable sources for its production. In that, as per Centre for Policy Research (CPR), about 25% of the total production is diverted to meet the daily consumption in an Indian household. Not only this but also, waste management has become an important issue to deal with. According to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of India, waste generation in Indian urban communities extends between 200 - 870 grams per day, contingent on the localities' standard of living and the area of the city. Therefore, in this paper we propose a concept that focuses on a sustainable solution using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms for waste and carbon footprint reduction in a home. This concept explains a solution availed with the help of a proposed model called Home Resource Management (HoReM) that is imbibed in a Smart home. 2019 IEEE. -
Properties, Synthesis, and Characterization of Cu-Based Nanomaterials
Copper-based nanomaterials offer a fascinating array of properties that make them pivotal in various technological applications. These materials, when scaled down to the nanoscale, exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity, surpassing their bulk counterparts. This book chapter primarily focuses on the properties, synthesis, and characterization of copper nanoparticles while also discussing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Their large surface-to-volume ratios enable efficient electron transport, making them valuable components in electronics and conductive inks for flexible devices. Furthermore, copper nanomaterials possess exceptional thermal conductivity, making them crucial for efficient heat management in electronics and advanced thermal interface materials. Copper and copper oxide have positive economic and environmental effects. Their catalytic properties render them important in diverse chemical reactions and as components in energy storage systems like batteries and supercapacitors. Additionally, the tunability of their optical properties makes them suitable for various photonic and optoelectronic applications, ranging from sensors to light-emitting devices. The multifaceted properties of copper-based nanomaterials continue to drive innovation across a broad spectrum of industries. 2024 American Chemical Society. -
Properties, Synthesis and Emerging Applications of Graphdiyne: A Journey Through Recent Advancements
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new variant of nano-carbon material with excellent chemical, physical and electronic properties. It has attracted wide attention from researchers and industrialists for its extensive role in the fields of optics, electronics, bio-medics and energy. The unique arrangement of spsp2 carbon atoms, linear acetylenic linkages, uniform pores and highly conjugated structure offer numerous potentials for further exploration of GDY materials. However, since the material is at its infancy, not much understanding is available regarding its properties, growth mechanism and future applications. Therefore, in this review, readers are guided through a brief discussion on GDYs properties, different synthesis procedures with a special focus on surface functionalization and a list of applications for GDY. The review also critically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis route and emphasizes the future scope of the material. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Properties of high strength concrete with reduced amount of Portland cement a case study
In the last 15years Bangalore city has systematically modernized its concrete production process with the help of ready-mix concrete (RMC) facility. However, one of the present requirements of these facilities is to lower its carbon footprint by reducing consumption of Portland cement in the concrete production process. Further, the demand for high-strength concrete (HSC) has increased due to construction of high-rise buildings and other major infrastructure projects in the urban areas of the city. Therefore, this study presents the experimental test results of HSC mixes proportioned with reduced consumption of Portland cement. Four types of concrete mixes with 50% of Portland cement replaced by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were considered. Additionally, two control mixes without GGBS replacement were also tested. Fresh, hardened, and durability properties of all the mixes were experimental determined and presented. The results showed that concrete mixes proportioned with 50% GGBS obtained a maximum 28-day compressive strength of 77 MPa. Further, all the mixes with GGBS exhibited superior durability properties when compared to control mixes. Thus, concrete mixes with 50% GGBS replaced for Portland cement are favourable for producing HSC at RMC facilities at Bangalore city. 2021 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. -
Properties of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) incorporating demolished building waste (DBW) as aggregates
This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of demolished building waste (DBW) as aggregates in alkali-activated concrete (AAC). A recent road-widening activity led to the demolition of commercial buildings along National Highway 275, Bangalore-Bantwal, India. DBW was collected from these sites and processed manually at the laboratory facility of CHRIST (Deemed to be University). Processing of DBW was done to obtain both waste coarse and fine aggregates from demolished concrete and brick waste units, respectively. AAC was synthesized by fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, along with waste aggregate replacement rates of 0, 25, 50, and 75% by weight of natural aggregates. Fresh and hardened properties of developed concrete mixtures were experimentally determined. Results of the study indicate that 28-day compressive strength of 30.4 and 21 MPa was obtained for AAC with 25 and 50% DBW aggregates, which was 8.6 and 36.9% lower than control mix, respectively. Further, there was an increase in the water absorption and a reduction to acid resistance for all the AAC mixes with DBW aggregates. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that AAC with 25 and 50% DBW aggregates find great potential in civil engineering applications. 2021 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. -
Properties and Occurrence Rates for Kepler Exoplanet Candidates as a Function of Host Star Metallicity from the DR25 Catalog
Correlations between the occurrence rate of exoplanets and their host star properties provide important clues about the planet formation process. We studied the dependence of the observed properties of exoplanets (radius, mass, and orbital period) as a function of their host star metallicity. We analyzed the planetary radii and orbital periods of over 2800 Kepler candidates from the latest Kepler data release, DR25 (Q1-Q17), with revised planetary radii based on Gaia DR2 as a function of host star metallicity (from the Q1-Q17 (DR25) stellar and planet catalog). With a much larger sample and improved radius measurements, we are able to reconfirm previous results in the literature. We show that the average metallicity of the host star increases as the radius of the planet increases. We demonstrate this by first calculating the average host star metallicity for different radius bins and then supplementing these results by calculating the occurrence rate as a function of planetary radius and host star metallicity. We find a similar trend between host star metallicity and planet mass: the average host star metallicity increases with increasing planet mass. This trend, however, reverses for masses >4.0 M J: host star metallicity drops with increasing planetary mass. We further examined the correlation between the host star metallicity and the orbital period of the planet. We find that for planets with orbital periods less than 10 days, the average metallicity of the host star is higher than that for planets with periods greater than 10 days. 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. -
Propensity Score Matching and a Difference in Difference Approach to Assess ESGs Influence on Indian Acquirer Performance
This research involves an in-depth analysis of the intricate relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance scores and the financial and operational performance of Indian acquirers. The research methodology employed herein entails a meticulously crafted design, incorporating a blend of the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences model. This strategic amalgamation serves to rigorously assess the impact of ESG factors on the performance outcomes of Indian acquirers involved in M&As. The empirical findings of this study reveal a robust and statistically significant correlation between M&A endeavours and ESG considerations. Notably, the research discerns that M&A activities tend to exert an adverse influence on ESG performance metrics within the Indian corporate landscape. This nuanced insight underscores the multifaceted interplay between strategic corporate actions and the broader sustainability and governance landscape, thereby offering valuable implications for scholars and practitioners in finance and corporate strategy. 2024, University of Wollongong. All rights reserved. -
PROMOTION OF VIRTUAL TOURISM THROUGH GOOGLE ART PROJECTS
Virtual tourism is known to evoke experiences of moving through 3D space. It is also known that several virtual projects have been useful for various purposes. Google is a hub for several applications, projects and internet based features. One of them is the Google Art Project, established by Google in February, 2011. Although there has been research on several topics related to virtual tourism, there is still a gap when it comes to awareness created about Art Museums through Google, which has come about very recently. This study aims n o t o n l y at filling this gap but also understand the impact that this art project has created among its audiences. The research is an effort to understand how Google has promoted virtual tourism as well as art and if it has taken an effect into reality. This study will help recognize the dynamics and dimensions of the medium better. It is an attempt to understand if the project can transform the computer-arbitrated communication through Google Art Project. Another objective of the study is to find out people??s perception of the art pieces being as reliable as that, which is there in real time. The method employed to obtain findings is by means of survey, using questionnaire. The study establishes a relationship between those who are associated with art and paintings and those who are inspired to take a real-time tour. The findings of the survey have been interesting, where respondents preferred to take a real time tour after visiting the online version of the museum. -
Promoting Sustainability Through Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights and Barriers of Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in India
The current study aims to explore if effective corporate social responsibility leads to corporate sustainability in medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. Using the factors, an exploratory examination was performed to assess their suitability in Indian context, and data were collected from 121 manufacturing companies using structured questionnaire based on pretested scale, and the proposed relationships were tested through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show overall model fit and empirical examinations support causal relationships between effective corporate social responsibility and corporate sustainability (CS). The results indicated that effective CSR mediated the relationships between corporate sustainability and integration of CSR into corporate policy and priority of the board towards CSR. The results of this study are useful for medium-sized enterprises to establish a formal approach towards CSR and meet the needs of business and society in the 21st century. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
Promoting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates in layered graphitic carbon nitride through integrated non-noble CoB co-catalyst
Despite being one of the most widely studied metal-free semiconductors, graphitic carbon-nitride (gC3N4) shows meaningful photocatalytic activities only when loaded with noble-metal co-catalysts. The present work reports an alternative to noble metals in the form of cobalt boride (CoB) co-catalyst that can be easily integrated within the gC3N4 framework with facile fabrication strategies. The optimized CoB-gC3N4 composite showed ?60 times higher hydrogen generation rate compared to bare gC3N4 nanosheets, with good stability. Detailed morphological, structural, chemical, electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations revealed the key aspects of CoB-gC3N4 composite that unanimously led to higher photocatalytic activity. Computational investigations not only corroborated the experimental results but also established that the surface Co and B sites in CoB provided the most energetically favoured sites for hydrogen evolution reaction. Based on the experimental and computational investigations, a generic reaction mechanism was formulated that will prove as a guiding light for future studies on similar photocatalytic systems. 2024 The Authors -
Promoting Net-Zero Economy for Sustainable Development: Practice-Based View
The present research investigates the utilization of various resources, including tangible assets, human expertise, and intangible assets, in a cohesive set of established procedures, which impact the development and implementation of net-zero practices. It also explores the effect on the environmental performance of SME enterprises operating in business markets. Additionally, the study explores whether digitalization plays a moderating role in this relationship. The samples of 291 were used in the study. Data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. For a sustainable net-zero economy (SNZE), it is essential for managers to acknowledge the importance of resource and capabilities management. While the management of tangible assets and human skills is vital, greater emphasis should be placed on intangible resources like organizational culture and learning. Furthermore, the capacity of small-sized enterprises (SMEs) to process and implement knowledge could prove to be instrumental in accomplishing net-zero targets. Consequently, managers should leverage Industry-4.0-based technological solutions to enhance resource and capabilities management effectively. This research pioneers an exploration into the influence of human capital and various assets (tangible and intangible), on the development and implementation of a SNZE in organizations, underpinned by empirical data. The study broadens the understanding of the practice-based view (PBV) framework in realizing SNZE, particularly within SME B2B enterprises. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Promoting entrepreneurship in higher educational institutions: The role of entrepreneurial methodologies
Entrepreneurship education is one of the most influential forces in the growth and development of an economy. It diminishes the twin issues of unemployment and poverty through entrepreneurship creation. The paradigm shift of student focus on job-oriented programme to job-creating programmes such as Management in Entrepreneurship, Diploma in Entrepreneurship and other training programmes raised the scope of entrepreneurship. Based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, this paper suggests that the pedagogical tools employed in entrepreneurship education such as role modelling, hands-on experience, incubation and mentoring support can be effectively used for developing entrepreneurial intentions among the students in higher educational institutions. The paper discusses few propositions developed based on the literature review and proposes a model which can be adopted by higher educational institutions for increasing entrepreneurial intention and thereby entrepreneurship. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved. -
Prominent label identification and multi-label classification for cancer prognosis prediction
Cancer prognosis prediction improves the quality of treatment and increases the survivability of the patients. Conventional methods of cancer prediction deal with single class by limiting the prognosis prediction to one response variable. The SEER Public Use cancer database has more prominent variables that support better prediction approach. The objective of this paper is to find the prominent labels from cancer databases and use them in a multi-class environment. The implementation consist of three phases namely, pre-processing, prominent label identification and multi-label classification. Breast, Colorectal and Respiratory Cancer Data sets have been used for the experimentation. Also random samples from all three data sets are generated to form a mixed cancer data. Patient survival, number of primaries and age at diagnosis are the prominent labels identified from others using the Decision tree, Nae Bayes and KNN algorithms. The three prominent labels have been tested using multi-label RAkEL algorithm to find the relations between them. The results of the empirical study are comparatively better than the traditional way of cancer prediction. 2012 IEEE. -
Progressive loss-aware fine-tuning stepwise learning with GAN augmentation for rice plant disease detection
Modern technology like Artificial Intelligence (AI) must be used in the agricultural sectorif sustainable agricultural output is to be achieved. One of the most convenient strategies for resolving current and future issues is data-driven agriculture. For this, disease prediction is a major task for precise farming. For predictive analysis and precise agriculture monitoring systems, with the application of AI, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) play vital roles in building a more robust system. In this work, we will design a DL-integrated rice disease prediction system to be implemented for precise farming. Improvisation of the developed model to detect rice plant diseases & pest attacks with a high level of precision. In this work, the Progressive Loss-Aware Fine-Tuning Stepwise Learning (PLAFTSL) model is proposed for disease detection. For step-wise learning fine-tuned ResNet50 model is used with the introduction of freezing and unfreezing layers. This reduces the training parameters and thus computational complexity. The introduction of the step-wise and progressive loss-aware layer will result in fast convergence and improved training efficiency during information exchange among layers respectively. Our proposed work uses a dataset from two sources. The result analysis is presented with an ablation study. Additionally, the baseline model, ResNet50, is used to display the outcomes of the ablation. The results demonstrate that the fine-tuned model results in better performance as compared to the transfer learning model. The Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) augmentation is also added to the designed model which will improve detection effectiveness and can also manage the imbalance in input data. The model has achieved approx. 98% accuracy and outperforms better with comparative state-of-art models. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Progressive crude oil distillation: An energy-efficient alternative to conventional distillation process
Distillation, the major process in crude oil refineries as of now. In this work we focused the attention to energy saving with respect to an industrial crude oil distillation unit. An alternative to the conventional crude oil distillation model present in the Bharat Petroleum Corporation, Kochi Refinery is proposed and simulated. The theoretical predictions as well as the simulated results indicate that the Progressive crude oil distillation reduces the utility burden as well as increase the extraction of more valuable light components. The simulation was carried out using Aspen HYSYS V8.8.2. Different crudes are taken into account and their properties and amount of distillate are analyzed. The optimization is done in an easy manner rather than the conventional mathematical method, together with the advanced process control tools; make it profitable in the operation in real time. 2018 Elsevier Ltd -
Progression of Metamaterial for Microstrip Antenna Applications: A Review
This article provides an overview of the evolution of metamaterials (MTM) and all the aspects related to metamaterial development for antenna applications. It will be a useful collection of information for antenna researchers working in metamaterials applications. It gives an insight into the various metamaterial structures utilized along with miniature antenna designs. Different types of design parameters studied by the previous researchers are showcased to understand better perception of the metamaterial usage. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Progress in psycho-oncology with special reference to developing countries
Purpose of reviewPsycho-oncology has completed 25 years. There is growing recognition of the psychosocial needs of persons living with cancer and the role of sociocultural factors in addressing the needs. This review addresses the research in developing countries relating to distress associated with living with cancer and psychosocial care.Recent findingsThere is growing recognition of the emotional needs, understanding of the sociocultural aspects of the emotional responses of persons, caregivers, role of resilience and posttraumatic growth and spirituality in cancer care. Psychosocial aspects of cancer are largely influenced by social, economic, cultural, religious and health systems. A number of innovative approaches to care like use of yoga, financial and material support and involvement of caregivers have been implemented. A positive development is the increasing professional attention to document and develop innovative care programmes.SummaryA significant proportion of the general population are living with cancer. There are significant psychosocial needs largely influenced by social, economic, cultural, religious aspects of the communities. There are a wide range of interventions from self-care to professional care to address the needs. In developing countries, there is need for longitudinal studies of psycho-social experiences, develop interventions that are culturally appropriate, along with enhanced use of information technology along with evaluation of interventions. 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Progress in bio-based biodegradable polymer as the effective replacement for the engineering applicators
The development of biopolymers has significantly touched each and every sphere of human life due to their eco friendliness and biodegradability. In recent decades, the production of biopolymers gained profound attention due to the serious environmental concerns and threat to the non-renewable resources. The increased use of synthetic plastic in biomedical and engineering applications stays as a major threat to environment when these xenobiotics enter the food chain and soil upon their careless discharge after use. The significant material properties of plastic has made it as an inevitable part in our day to day life, but the concern over the environment directs the research focus on searching and developing biopolymers and bio composites as sustainable alternatives for their synthetic counterparts. Biopolymers of commercial interest can be majorly produced intracellularly by microbes or can be extracted through chemical or biological methods from plant and animal based substrates. The potential candidates with high market value with specific reference to biomedical engineering and tissue engineering include as polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, chitosan and chitin, hydroxyapatite, and pectin. Despite of having high degree of biocompatibility, the major hurdle that retracts their widespread use commercially is attributed to the cost of production. This can be tackled out by exploiting cheap raw materials like agro waste as substrate and by employing green approaches over solvent based conventional extraction methods. The reduction in the material properties of purified biopolymers restricts their widespread application especially in the fabrication of thermoplastic blends. This can be resolved by production of bio composites with improved properties than their parent biopolymers. The current review focuses on the recent developments in biopolymer science especially with regard to its application in engineering majorly biomedical and tissue engineering. This study throws light on the biosynthetic pathways, extraction methods and applications of commercially important biopolymers. Furthermore, the challenges, limitations, and future prospects in the production and commercialization of biopolymers is briefly discussed in this review. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Prognostic value of somatosensory-evoked potentials in neurology: A critical review in hypoxic encephalopathy
Prediction of prognosis in comatose patients surviving a cardiac arrest is still one of the intractable problems in critical care neurology because of lack of fool-proof ways to assess the outcome. Of all these measures, somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) has been perhaps the most evaluated and heavily relied-upon tool over the past several decades for assessing coma. Recent studies have given rise to concerns regarding the 'absoluteness' of SSEP signals for the prognostic evaluation of coma. In this critical review, we searched the literature to focus on studies conducted so far on the prognostic evaluation of postanoxic coma using SSEPs. All those studies published on the use of SSEP as a prognostication tool in postanoxic coma were reviewed. A narrative review was created that included the strengths as well as limitations of the use of SSEP in postanoxic coma. The use of SSEP in coma has been universal for the purpose of prognostication. However, it has its own advantages as well as limitations. The limitations include challenges in performing and getting SSEP signals during coma as well as the challenges involved in reading and interpreting the signals. The recent usage of therapeutic hypothermia has become another factor that often interferes with the SSEP recording. Finally, based on these study results, some recommendations are generated for the effective use of SSEPs in comatose patients for further prognostication. We advocate that SSEP should be an integral component for the assessment of postanoxic comatose patients due to its several advantages over other assessment tools. However, SSEP recorDings should follow certain standards. One should be aware that its interpretation may be biased by several factors. The bias created by the concept of 'self-fulfilling hypothesis' should always be borne in mind before discontinuation of life support systems in terminal patients.