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The effect of dietary supplementation of proteases on growth, digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in fishes A review
Optimizing utilization of nutrients and improving protein digestibility, particularly in the early stages of cultivable species, is a challenging task for the sustainable development of aquaculture. The use of protein-digesting enzymes as a feed supplement is an eco-friendly approach to improve protein digestibility. Exogenous enzymes, particularly proteases, have been shown to improve fish growth, nutrient digestibility, immunological parameters, intestinal topography, and most importantly, water quality. Although there is a clear understanding of the role of proteases and their mechanism of action, their role as a feed supplement in aquaculture remains controversial. In this review, we present updated information on the impact of proteases in improving various development indicators and fish health in general. Based on the information gathered from the current state of knowledge, it is clear that extensive research has to be made to broaden the application of proteases overcoming the drawbacks that could hinder its application in the field. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. -
Performance Analysis of Nonlinear Companding Techniques for PAPR Mitigation in 5G GFDM Systems
Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a 5G waveform contender that offers asynchronous and non-orthogonal data transmission, featuring several advantages, some of them being low latency, reduced out-of-band (OOB) radiation and low adjacent channel leakage ratio. GFDM is a non-orthogonal multicarrier waveform which enables data transmission on a time frequency grid. However, like orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and many other multicarrier systems, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main problems in GFDM, which degrades the high-power amplifier (HPA) efficiency and distorts the transmitted signal, thereby affecting the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system. Hence, PAPR reduction is essential for improved system performance and enhanced efficiency. Nonlinear companding techniques are known to be one of the effective low complexity PAPR reduction techniques for multicarrier systems. In this paper, a GFDM system is evaluated using mu law companding, root companding and exponential companding techniques for efficient PAPR reduction. The PAPR and BER graphs are used to evaluate the proposed methods in the presence of an HPA. Simulations show that, out of these three techniques, exponential companding was found to provide a trade-off between the PAPR reduction and BER performance. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Strategies to achieve carbon neutrality and foster sustainability in data centers
Data centers and transmission networks are crucial in the digital age, with the market expected to grow from $50 billion in 2021 to $120 billion by 2030. However, their extensive computing infrastructure and continuous operation generate significant heat, necessitating energy-intensive cooling systems. The IEA report revealed that data center power consumption surged by over 60% between 2015 and 2021, with transmission networks experiencing a 60% usage increase. Addressing these growing energy demands poses significant challenges for the industry, with some countries considering restrictions on new data center licenses due to environmental concerns. To mitigate the climate impact, the industry must prioritize the procurement of low-carbon or carbon-free electricity to reduce Scope 2 emissions related to electricity, heating, and cooling. Tech giants like AWS, Google, and Meta/Facebook have already adopted ambitious public targets, either running on carbon-free electricity or investing in global projects for cost-effective and large-scale emissions reduction. 2024, IGI Global. -
Explainable IoT Forensics: Investigation on Digital Evidence
This research examines the relevance of digital forensics in the field of Internet of Things and describes how different forensics tools and software are used to investigate cybercrimes. It emphasizes the importance of IoT Forensics and how it's used to tackle cybercrimes. It also discusses on the challenges faced by IoT forensics and gives an insight into the recent advancements in the field. It gives a walkthrough about how digital forensics investigation is done in 'data stolen' or 'data deleted' scenario. An outline of research potential and problems in IoT forensics is given in this chapter. The main details of IoT forensics are described. In all stages of a forensic investigation, issues linked to IoT are highlighted along with the potential that IoT presents for forensics. An illustration of an IoT forensics case is given with appropriate analytics. A brief research overview is provided, with information on the important research directions and a review of relevant articles. Future research proposals are included in the chapter's conclusion. 2023 IEEE. -
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polyester and Epoxy Resin Matrices Reinforced with Jute, E-glass and coconut Fiber
Composite manufacturing is a novel branch of science and often finds numerous applications in several industries. Some of them are sport, automobile, aerospace and marine industries. Some of the properties that can be highlighted are good mechanical properties along with stiffness and comparatively lighter weight. There is a continuous research in this area is as the constant pursuit to achieve greater performance by changing various materials and the combinations of those with various resins are experimented. In the current work, polyester and epoxy resins were reinforced with coconut, E-glass and jute fibers of 5-6mm length and were prepared by hand layup method. The fiber and resin were taken in 18:82 weight percentages. Post production of the composites they were subjected to various physical mechanical and microstructural studies to determine various properties. The morphological features were analyzed through the microstructural study done through scanning electron microscope. In comparison with the composites manufactured, The artificial fiber reinforced composite, E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites exhibited superior tensile strength, flexural strength, impact toughness and hardness values. Among the natural fiber reinforced composite, coconut fiber reinforced composites exhibited better tensile, impact and hardness than its counterpart jute reinforced composites. Thus the resins reinforced with E-glass fiber had the highest mechanical properties when compared with jute fiber reinforced composites (JFRC) and coconut fiber reinforced composites (CFRC). The cost effectiveness of the natural fiber reinforced composites is also an added advantage over the artificial fiber reinforced composites. 2018 Elsevier Ltd. -
Rapid Prototyping Methods in Manufacturing of Biomedical Implants: A Review
The advancements in science and technology have given the flexibility in various levels for the scientists to manufacture variety of components. Rapid prototyping is one of the most sought-after techniques in the field of biomedical engineering for material manufacture. Bio-inertness, biocompatibility, and manufacturability are the desirable properties for biomedical applications. The review aims to provide a valuable contribution to the biomedical field, by identifying and comparing the rapid prototyping methods on the basis of time, quality, and cost. This work is dedicated to study, identify, and compare different methods of rapid prototyping in the manufacture of biomedical implants, the materials used for these processes. It also encompasses comparison of the process parameters for each manufacturing method and the advantages and disadvantages of the processes. Polysiloxane, hydroxyapatite, bioceramics, and titanium alloys due to its bio-inertness and nontoxic nature are some of the identified materials in the current review of the research. The highly sophisticated and complex biomedical implant manufacturing by various methods was studied and compared. Immense researches are being carried out in this novel field and are more prevalent in biomedical field due to its beautiful characteristics. The rapid advanced technological methods facilitate immediate intervention and faster treatment of the patient which reduces the risk and helps in faster recovery. 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Internet chat based intervention as a mode for therapy and counselling
Increasing mental health issues in India demands for a strong intervention to curb the rise. According to the World Health Organization, roughly around 21 Indians out of 100,000 die by suicide every year. The burden on mental health domain increases due to the existing system as most of the existing services follow a traditional approach and are most sought after but lack reachability and ease of access. This study recognises the need for programmes that help in reachability and ease of access while simultaneously maintaining anonymity, therefore, analyses the impact of chat-based therapy provided online through the platform. The paper analyses the difference in subjective unit of well-being (SUW) pre and post chat-based sessions among 2624 college students and 805 corporate employees. The Wilcoxon signed rank test between pre and post intervention indicates significant results with the p < 0.001 (Z = -44.100a) suggesting and increase in SUW scores post intervention. Further, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the gender of the clients has an association with the SUW scores (p < 0.05). It was also found that the duration of the sessions had a positive relation with the impact scores (p < 0.001). The Author(s), 2025. -
Development of classical swine fever virus E2-protein based indirect ELISA for detection of antibodies against the virus in pigs
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs caused by CSF virus, genus Pestivirus. Serological diagnosis of the disease is highly valuable for surveillance and thereby containment of spread of the disease. In this study, we have demonstrated the development of CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2-based indirect ELISA (E2-iELISA) for the detection of CSFV specific antibodies. The full-length E2 protein was expressed in E. coli and the purified protein was used as a coating antigen in indirect ELISA for detecting CSFV specific antibodies in pigs. A panel of 506 pig sera samples was used to validate the ELISA and the results were highly comparable to the results obtained with the commercial antibody detection kit (PrioCHECK CSFV Ab kit). The in-house E2-iELISA demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (95.4%) and specificity (95.5%), highlighting its potential application for sero-surveillance or monitoring of the disease in the swine population. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. -
Environmental value development among preadolescents: a content analysis of reflective responses
Addressing the environmentally detrimental values prevalent in society in the context of rapid climate change is the need of the hour. Combining empathy with cognitive skills such as reflective thinking effectively creates new values among people. The present study attempts to reveal the pattern of environmental value development among 33 preadolescents by reflecting upon the empathy-generating story experiences and the related contents. The study is part of a more extensive quasi-experimental study, and it specifically performs a content analysis on the participants responses in their workbooks. Biospheric nature-related values are the most highly developed, and social justice is the least developed value, implying the need to focus more on the value of social justice. Stories are aids, and reflective thinking and empathetic elicitation are effective techniques for passing environmental values. Empathy generation instead of negative emotions from self-concern and emotion regulation through reflective thinking may be helpful to promote well-being in the context of climate change. Reflective thinking helps environmental value development by enhancing comprehension, emotion regulation, and self-awareness of values, implying a shift from telling the moral of a story to exploring the same through reflective thinking. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The effect of an environmental education program based on empathy and reflective thinking on preadolescents environmental values and knowledge
As a remedial measure to human-induced climate change, it is imperative to develop intrinsic altruistic values and adequate knowledge of environmental phenomena and behavior to act in favor of the environment. The study aims to assess the effect of an Environmental Education Program (EEP) based on empathy, reflective thinking, and information on preadolescents environmental values and knowledge. For that, a non-equivalent control group design was used. Data collection was done through questionnaires, checklists, and participant thought diaries. Forty-six students (eleven-to-twelve-year-old children) selected through purposive sampling from the sixth standard of two semi-urban schools in Kerala, India, constituted the sample. In the intervention, empathy was manipulated through stories and empathy exercises, reflective thinking through thought diaries, and information on environmental phenomena, issues, and the effect of human actions through stories and knowledge exercises. Empathy, reflective thinking, and information manipulations positively influenced the participants environmental values and knowledge, and the effect manifested in cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions. The study has implications for conducting Environmental Education indoors effectively by integrating affective, cognitive, and metacognitive approaches. Empathy stories can be utilized to address various environmental phenomena and issues. Reflective thinking on environmental phenomena and issues can be applied to teach appropriate environmental behaviors. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
A Self-Reflective and Empathy Based Environmental Education Intervention to Enhance Environmental Values and Knowledge of Preadolescents
Environmental degradation and climate change have become common phenomena and they are attributable to human actions focusing solely on economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to fetch drastic changes in the lifestyles of majority of the public and to acquire the collective capacity of ecological intelligence. The accumulation of ecological intelligence results in environmental knowledge, values, and skills to deal effectively with the environment. The present study is an attempt to develop and apply a self-reflection and empathy-based Environmental Education module for 11-12 years old children to enhance their environmental values and knowledge. The study utilized a pre-test post-test quasi experimental design for which two existing sixth grade classes (intervention group and control group) from different schools, selected through purposive sampling formed the sample. A pre-test and a post-test were conducted on the participants environmental values, attitude, knowledge for the intervention and control groups. Additionally, environmental behaviour, self-reflection and insight were assessed before and after the intervention and the student workbooks were undergone content analysis for the intervention group. The self- reflective and empathy-based Environmental Education intervention was administered for the class selected as the intervention group in between the pre and post-tests. The researcher observed the interventions effectiveness on environmental values with the help of the attitude scale of the Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale (CHEAKS), through the content analysis of student workbooks, and through session feedback form. The positive impact of the intervention on environmental knowledge was understood from the analysis of the knowledge scale of the Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale (CHEAKS) and from the session feedback form. Additionally, there is an improvement in the intervention groups reflective thinking ability and environmental behaviour when assessed through Self-Reflection and Insight Scale for Youth and parent observation checklist. The study has implications concerning the implementation of Environmental Education. -
Bioremediation and Detoxification of Asbestos from Soil
Asbestos is referred to as magic mineral and used as excellent building material. It finds its application in wide range of products such as floor tiles, pipes, paper, rope, cloth, insulated partition board, etc. On average, India uses 3, 50, 000 tons of asbestos annually and asbestos fibers readily undergo weathering releasing them into soil, water and air. Occupational and environmental exposure to this asbestos is leading to asbestosis (asbestos-related disease), lung cancer, and heart failure. Considering the serious health risk, countries like Australia, Brazil, and Canada had banned the use of asbestos. As asbestos is extensively used in construction of buildings, the demolished materials are dumped in the soil and thus it finds its route in soil as pollutant. Soil borne microbes like bacteria, fungi and lichens are found to be best means to reduce the toxicity of asbestos. These microorganisms remove iron from asbestos and reduce its toxicity. Another most effective bioremediation approach is phytoremediation to clean up the soil wherein vegetative cover on contaminated soil can remove iron and breaks down asbestos as source of inorganic nutrient. The main advantage of phytoremediation is that it can be extended to any geographical area where plants can grow. This chapter emphasizes various means of use and disposal of asbestos, followed by various means of bioremediation using microbes and plants and as an alternate for the sustainable soil condition. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022, corrected publication 2022. -
Analysis of food consumption expenditure patterns for developing sustainable business practices
Food consumption patterns are said to be near ideal variable since it is one of the most important commodities that ensure human survival. The patterns within the consumption as well as between different types of food items to different levels of consumption varies with respect to the macroeconomic conditions. The consumption expenditure for cereals, pulses and pulse products, edible oil, milk and milk products, meat, fish and egg, vegetables and fruits, shows an increasing trend in India and in Karnataka. The income elasticity for all food categories are lesser in urban sectors of Karnataka than the rural sector which indicates that the income of the rural households is lesser and the increase in income is also lesser compared to that of the Urban-Karnataka. The business enterprises can aim at sustainable consumption practices through the pricing strategies, product design and distribution channels. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
A Simple and Efficient [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Dihydroquinazolinones
A novel unprecedented approach for the synthesis of various quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinones has been using [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n as a catalyst. The reaction has been screened in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also been demonstrated under given conditions. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction and the recyclability of the catalyst have also been studied. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A simple and efficient synthesis of imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones via pictect-spengler reaction using Wang resin
An efficient approach for the synthesis of various imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones has been reported from 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) aniline and different aldehydes using Wang-OSO3H as a reusable catalyst to get in good yields. The reaction condition has been optimized by screening in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also demonstrated. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction has also been well demonstrated. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A Survey on P4 Challenges in Software Defined Networks: P4 Programming
Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been a prominent technology in the last decade that increases networking programmability. The SDN philosophy decouples the application, control, and data plane to increase the network programmability. The data plane is an essential but unsolved component that receives less attention than control and application planes. Traditionally, the data plane uses fixed functions that forward packets using a limited number of protocols. The P4 (Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors) language makes it possible to program SDN data plane, which push the SDN to the next level. In the research community and industry, programming the data plane has garnered significant attention. Surprisingly, there has been no comprehensive reviews of programmable data-plane switches, which have many advantages in today's networks. The authors reviewed the evolution of networks from legacy to programmable data planes, explained the fundamentals of programmable switches, and summarized the network generation from traditional to programmable networks. In this paper, SDN is described from a P4-centric standpoint and discusses over 75 related research papers. Several taxonomies for the field are provided, outline potential research areas, and provide greater details regarding the patterns that have led to the development of this technology. 2013 IEEE. -
Data visualization: Experiment to impose ddos attack and its recovery on software-defined networks
The entire network is doing paradigm shift towards the software-defined networks by separating forwarding plane from control plane. This gives a clear call to researchers for joining the ocean of software-defined networks for doing research considering its security aspects. The biggest advantage of SDN is programmability of the forwarding plane. By making the switches programmable, it can take live instructions from controllers. The versions of OpenFlow protocol and the compatibility of programmable switches with OpenFlow were the stepping stone making software-defined networks thrashed towards reality. The control plane has come up with multiple options of controllers such as NOX [2], Ryu [3], Floodlight [4], Open- DayLight [6], ONOS [7] and the list is big. The major players are Java based which keeps the doors open for enhancement of features by the contributors. However, more is expected from the practicality of P4Lang programmed switches by bringing skilled people to the industry who can actually implement programmable switches with ease. The obvious reason for delayed progress in the area of software-defined networks is the lack of awareness towards data visualization options existing as of now. The purpose of writing this chapter is to throw light upon the existing options available for data visualization in the area of SDN especially addressing the security aspect by analyzing the experiment of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on SDN with clarity on its usage, features, applicability and scopes for its adaptabilities in the world of networks which is going towards SDN. This chapter is a call to network researchers to join the train of SDN and push forward the SDN technology by proved results of data visualization of network and security matrices. The sections and subsections show clearly the experimental steps to implement DDoS attack on SDN and further provide solution to overcome the attack. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. -
Enhancement of the thermal conductivity of a near room temperature magnetocaloric composite using graphene-like hybrid nanosheets derived from organic waste
Polymer matrix composites, fabricated to counter the inherent brittleness of magnetocaloric Heusler alloys, suffer from low thermal conductivity. Here, we demonstrate a low-cost, scalable route towards developing thermally conductive, mechanically robust near-room-temperature magnetocaloric composites by incorporating graphene-like hybrid nanostructures chemically synthesized from discarded sugarcane. Micron-sized particles obtained by manually grinding Ni50.2Mn36.7Sn13 ribbons possessing a strong magnetostructural transformation near room-temperature were chosen as the active magnetocaloric fillers. Both the functional fillers were incorporated into a polysulfone matrix by solution casting. Large values of isothermal entropy change ? 0.43 and -0.46 J/kg.K were observed for a ?H = 2T, driven by two successive first and second-order transformations within the alloy fillers. Additionally, an enhanced value of the in-plane thermal conductivity ? 3.06 0.4 W/m.K was observed in the composites owing to the formation of efficient thermal bridges/pathways by the graphene-like hybrid nanostructures, rendering them promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration applications. 2023 Acta Materialia Inc. -
Rewriting Epic as a Discourse of the Marginalized: A Study of Mahasweta Devis Select Fiction
The present dissertation engages itself with an analytical study of five short stories by Mahasweta Devi, where she has rewritten episodes from the grand narrative The Mahabharata. Her stories The Five Women, Kunti and Nishadin, Souvali, Draupadi and Bhishmas thirst have been chosen for being studied in order to show how Devi counter narrates the grand epic by looking at the religious battle of Kurukshetra and the canonical epic characters from the subaltern perspective and thus creates a discourse of the marginalised. The critical framework of the study is based on a postcolonial and subaltern study of the texts as the principal characters and Devis themes are anti-canonical and anti- hegemonic. Through Devis feminist rewriting of the ancient text the subaltern sections of the society, who have been marginally represented in the canonical text, have been given a chance to speak. A readers understanding of the epic undergoes a change by going through the rewritten stories which is Devis main intention behind rewriting The Mahabharata. Through her writing she challenges the age old notions and long established truths in the epic for which it has been granted an epic stature. Thus she makes an attempt to lend a voice to the voiceless by this narrative technique and fulfils her social commitment as a journalist and activist writer. -
Autoimmune diseases and an approach to type 1 diabetes analysis using PSO, K-means, and silhouette values
An estimated 50 million Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases, as per the report from AARDA (American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association). More than 30 million people suffer in India from type 1 diabetes. More than $100 billion is spent on healthcare for autoimmune diseases in America, more than for cancer healthcare. Host genes and environmental factors control autoimmune diseases, and typically they do not have any specific cure. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based framework for the initial prediction of autoimmune diseases. This work attempts to identify characteristics of autoimmune diseases, and it lists the commonly occurring autoimmune diseases, the organs attacked by them, and the different stages involved. It also seeks to identify ways to prioritize the severity of the patient's disease, for providing treatments based on the severity, with the goal of reducing the pressure on the healthcare sector. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and identifying the risk associated with diabetes and other related health problems could help to improve health worldwide. This work proposes a framework while exploring autoimmune disease prediction using machine learning techniques. The autoimmune disease considered is type 1 diabetes. The usage of machine learning techniques can help to enhance patient care and early prediction. This research is an attempt to explore the possibilities and also to propose a framework for early prediction of type 1 diabetes. Clustering is performed using K-means and PSO K-means. Validation of the clusters is carried out using silhouette coefficient. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.