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The Role of Artifcial Intelligence in Renewable Energy
Technology is evolving at an unbelievable pace, to the extent where many of us cant keep up effectively. With increasing Artifcial Intelligence (AI) complexity, our environment will be transformed in amazing ways over the years and decades that follow. The renewable energy (RE) sector is no different. AI can observe patterns and beneft from large amounts of knowledge. Consequently, AI is able to make improvements to enhance energy production, conversion, and even delivery. These systems allow precise forecasting of, for example, weather and loads, mitigating, among countless other uses, the possibility of electrical surges. AI systems would signifcantly improve the productivity of renewable systems by automation over the next 10 years. For solar and wind energy, this will become particularly prevalent. Independent power producers would have the latitude required to deliver ever-more sustainable business models and services by integrating increased generation coupled with low-cost savings provided by automation. We are all aware of the requirements of RE, including solar power. However, how can AI help to increase the availability of RE? The demand for global energy is growing day by day, but fossil fuels cannot fulfll our future needs for energy. Because of increased energy consumption, fossil fuel carbon emissions have reached very high levels over time. RE, however, is emerging as a good replacement for fossil fuels. It is safer and also very clean in comparison to traditional sources. The RE industry has made tremendous strides during the preceding decade with developments in technology. AI and machine learning technologies can analyze data to predict the future. So, the use of AI can solve the problems and challenges of RE. In this chapter we discuss RE, its sources and challenges, and how AI can address these challenges. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Energy Intelligence: The Smart Grid Perspective
Smart grids enable a two-way data-driven flow of electricity, allowing systematic communication along the distribution line. Smart grids utilize various power sources, automate the process of energy distribution and fault identification, facilitate better power usage, etc. Artificial Intelligence plays an important role in the management of power grids, making it even smarter. With the help of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, smart grids can optimize the energy consumption, provide continuous feedback on usage, and monitor live usage statistics, thereby making the energy intelligent. Smart grids require specific hardware to continuously monitor and adapt to the requirements of the system. By enabling energy intelligence, we empower building-level and city-level optimizations that make use of green energy, thereby contributing more toward sustainable development. Thus, the multifaceted energy management system uses sustainable and renewable energy sources, combined with smart devices to provide a two-way communication system to optimize the end-to-end distribution of energy, beneficial to both suppliers and consumers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Correlation of Surface Properties and Catalytic Activity of Metal Aluminophosphates
Alumina and its modified forms have gained significant interest in recent years as potential material for a wide variety of industrial applications. Aluminophosphates were reported as one of the promising catalytic materials in organic transformations. The catalytic activity of a material is always associated with the nature of active centers available on the surface of a catalyst. The incorporation of metal ions into aluminophosphates is of particular interest for the design of the novel catalysts. The post and pretreatment methods followed for the synthesis of the material determines the structural and textural properties of the material. The transition metal loading over aluminophosphates play a significant role in the generation of surface-active sites. This chapter deals with simple ecofriendly synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and catalytic activity of metal aluminophosphates. The chapter mainly explains the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of metal aluminophosphates in industrially important organic transformations. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Anitha Varghese and Gurumurthy Hegde; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Empowering Renewable Energy Using Internet of Things
The massive communication of information over network gadgets associated with the internet trades data starting from one to another with no sort of human cooperation. As innovation is advancing, interconnected organizations give data to each other to impart. The energy utilization is happening at an extremely quick rate, debilitating the assets in delivering it at a similar rate, and the entirety of this requires a transformation to save energy. Information is the focal point of the Internet of Things (IoT), and it has all the information to which there was no entrance before; this information can be utilized in the revolution of the energy management framework. By utilizing advanced IoT innovations, the embracement of renewable can be upgraded signifcantly further. The reconciliation of IoT in renewable energy is empowering its development by and large. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
A Reversible Hybrid Architecture forMultilayer Memory Cell inQuantum-Dot Cellular Automata withMinimized Area andLess Delay
CMOS innovation shows limited features when diminishing the size and region of a circuit. The burden of such a technology incorporates higher force utilization and also shows some temperature issues. Quantum-Dot Cell Automata is another innovation which is useful to defeat any of its weaknesses. The reversible rationale is innovation used to diminish the force misfortune in QCA. QCAs are utilized to plan recollections requiring a high working rate. In the following research, construction of reversible memory is proposed in QCA. It is designed by using a 3-layer innovation that altogether has an effect on the decreased size of the circuit. The reversible memory proposed here has 61% increase in cell number, with a 74% enhancement in the territory inhabitance, and 59% decrease in delay contrasted with any previous optimal designs. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Modernization of Rural Electric Infrastructure
In the recent digital era, the energy sector in India is truly challenging. But some way or another digital technology has the potential to change the scenario of energy supply in industry. One of the important developments in this decade is the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This technology will help us to control smart software and optimize our decision-making and operations. We cannot ignore the need of energy to become sustainable after the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart grid technology in IoT is used to detect even minute changes in electricity supply and demand. These two technologies (AI and IOT) jointly provide us a magical tool to improve operational performance in the energy industry. In rural areas, there is a lack of electricity infrastructure supply and demand technologies. A large portion electricity supply is shifting from manufacturing industry to rural areas. They are using grid technology to transform electricity and the load is highly variable. From the demand side, lack of infrastructure and industrial equipment affect consumer devices. An increasing need for electricity in all aspects presents a significant challenge to utilization and cost efficiency. An important issue for the delivery of electricity to rural areas is the infrastructure and administrative policies and regulations. Power plants need to be constructed in rural areas to supply the electricity. This is the modernization of a rural electricity infrastructure. In modernization techniques, smart grid technology can be used to meet low carbon emission and cost-efficiency. It will be interconnected with the traditional grid architecture of electricity energy. Based on recent research, the smart grid should be robust and agile and it might dynamically optimize the grid operations, energy-efficient resources, and so on. Without affecting the nature of village environments, an alternate technology, such as the consumption of solar energy, can also be mutually considered in order to utilize renewable energy. In this chapter we focus on the comparison of traditional and modern technology used for the supply and demand of electricity in rural areas, issues on the implementation of modern technologies, research and development in modernization of electric power systems, and so on. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
IoT and Sustainability Energy Systems: Risk and Opportunity
As IoT (Internet of Things) and smart technologies have developed rapidly, many technological advancements have been made possible. The IoTs main objective is to assist in simplifying processes in a number of different felds, to improve the effciency of technologies and protocols, and ultimately to improve quality of life. Although IoT technologies can beneft the population in numerous ways, their development must be evaluated from an environmental viewpoint to ensure that global resources are used effciently and to prevent negative effects. As previously described, considerable research effort is needed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of IoT technologies. Engineering professionals, industrial experts, and academic researchers successfully interacted at the conference. Several key tracks made up the conference, including smart city, energy and environment, e-health, and engineering modeling. Specifcally, the editorial covered a number of topics including (i) IoT in sustainable energy and environmental management, (ii) smart cities enabled by IoT, (iii) ambient assisted living, and (iv) IoT technologies for transportation and low-carbon products. An important outcome of our introductory analysis has been a greater understanding of both the scientifc developments in IoT applications and the potential ecological consequences associated with increasing IoT applications. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
RPA Revolution in the Healthcare Industry During COVID-19
Over the last year, the evolution in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has been staggering. The automation it brings to applications has yielded efficiency, reduced operating costs, and decreased the time of research, development, and production. Industries have already integrated RPA into their workflow and are profoundly transforming into an intelligent automated industry with minimum human intervention, calling this the fourth industrial revolution. In this race of transformation, the healthcare industry is quite ahead of many other industries. It stood the test of time when COVID-19 was spreading rapidly and was also resilient against all odds. The system did experience an unprecedented crisis that depicted its weakness, fragility, and unpreparedness. The healthcare system was forced to adapt to a new paradigm. And though there was the loss of life and economy, we learned to evolve as a community to tackle this crisis. This chapter sheds light on the role of RPA and covers how these technologies can assist healthcare workers in their day-to-today activities, reviewing what the fourth industrial revolution would look like in the healthcare sector. The intelligent, automated system would provide a seamless experience of gathering information by various means, processing, and assisting healthcare workers to deliver quality treatment. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
IoT Infrastructure to Energize Electromobility
Mobile technology is becoming more sophisticated as it advances. A comparison of different mobility scenarios was conducted. This chapter examined how electric vehicles interact with local energy systems in Stuttgart. Utilizing a travel demand model, a charging profle based on mobility patterns was generated for electric vehicles. During a quarter, charging demand and standard household load profles were used to analyze peak hour load fow for 349 households. Considering that peak loads and charging capacity are usually separated in time, greater charging capacity might lead to lower utilization of transformers. Furthermore, a study was conducted to determine if the existing infrastructure was adequate for future demand, focusing on substation transformer reserves. Electromobility is a rapidly growing and evolving application domain of the Internet of Things, with a huge market potential in various areas. It incorporates many stakeholders from manufacturers to the players of the energy market with all sorts of physical and virtual resources. It is essential to allow these devices and systems to collaborate to create advanced e-mobility services. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the Banking Industry: A Study from an Indian Perspective
The papers primary focus is intelligence creation by AI and fast implementation by RPA. It starts with the applicability of the Turing test propounded by Alan Turing, the father of Artificial Intelligence (AI). At the backdrop lies various events, namely the recent motivation addition of various bank account holders. These factors fuelled the demand for AI and RPA implementation in the banking industry. It pitched how AI and RPA work in real-time scenarios such as financial fraud and money laundering. It discusses how AI builds the knowledge graph and recommends products and services for each customer. This knowledge is implemented and delivered using RPA. The AI application gained prominence in every banking business segment, such as equity, personal, investment and loan. The application of RPA is present in all business segments, although the percentage is increasing yearly. The AI and RPA can help banks to convert the challenges to opportunities. There have been various challenges, and the application of AI and RPA combinations is the key to solving the inefficiencies. Advanced analytical techniques on open-source data have been used in this paper. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Face Detection-Based Border Security System Using Haar-Cascade and LBPH Algorithm
Border security is a process which measures the border management ideas by a country or set of countries to wage against unspecific and unauthorized travel or trade across the country borders, to bound non-legal deport, various crimes combat, and foreclose dangerous criminals from entering in the country. A system will help in keeping a check on those personnels who forge with the legal document with an intension to cross the border. This article discusses about border security of whole Indian context, and there are various such systems which have been built since 2010 as wireless sensor network system named Panchendriya. Remote and instruction manual switch mode arm system using ultrasonic sensor for security of border. This article we have made use of Haar-Cascadian along with LBPH algorithm with their functioning. The result and discussion section we compare most recent face recognition techniques that have been used in the last ten years. The proposed prototype is discussed and shown through simulation model, it provide better result compare to existing model. The proposed Haar-Cascade and LBPH algorithm provide 10% better performance. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Gucchi (Morchella esculenta)
This chapter focuses on Morchella esculenta as a nutraceutical and functional food, its habit, habitat, general characteristics, availability, biologically active compounds present and pharmacological and medicinal value. Mushrooms are spore-bearing fleshy fruiting bodies of fungus often present above the ground. Greeks and Romans included mushrooms in their diet. Romans considered mushrooms as the food of supernatural beings, despite the Chinese contemplating them as the elixir of the human being. Functional foods that are prepared from morel mushrooms are of high medicinal properties. The production of M. esculenta worldwide is 1.5 million tonnes of fresh weight and 150 tonnes of dry weight. India and Pakistan are the major morel-producing countries and each country has about 50 tonnes of dry morels. The pharmacological properties of Morchella species show its use in Chinese traditional medicine since 2, 000 years and in Malaysia and Japan to cure several diseases. 2023 Deepu Pandita and Anu Pandita. -
IOT Contribution in Construct of Green Energy
Energy derived from natural sources, such as sunlight, wind, and water, is called green energy. Green energy is a source of energy derived from clean sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. The environment benefts from green energy because green energy replaces the harmful effects of fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly options. Green energy sources release far fewer greenhouse gases, as well as little or no air pollutants when looked at in their full life cycle. Taking steps to reduce air pollution benefts not only the planet but also human and animal health. Increasing reliance on the Internet of Things (IoT) has helped modernize the energy industry. Sensor attached to generation, transmission, and distribution equipment is used in IoT applications in green energy production. Alternative energy offers several benefts over traditional energy options. As the demand for clean energy grows and environmental prudence becomes the norm, Internet of Things solutions for energy management keep developing. Using the Internet of Things today benefts green energy, enabling companies in this sector to make the most of their data, and improves effciency and safety. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Bioactive Phytochemicals from DatePalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Oil Processing By-products
Humans cultivate plants for their daily commodities, like food and medicines. Innumerable varieties of crops and plant-derived products like cotton, fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and oils have been developed. A variety of seed oils have been used by humankind in dietary supplements and regarded as feedstock for the production of biofuels. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one such plant used in the production of oil. Date palm is a commercial fruit that is primarily cultivated in South Mediterranean countries. Date palm fruit and its processed products such as jams, jellies, and syrup are globally consumed. However, tons of seed waste is generated after processing and raises environmental problems due to poor seed waste disposal practices. Scientific reports suggest that date palm seed oil is a rich in minerals, fatty acids, and various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, sterols, and tocopherols. These bioactive molecules possess significant pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotectivity. This chapter summarizes the phytochemicals present in the date palm seed oil, discusses the fatty acid composition in various date palm cultivars worldwide, and highlights the pharmacological activities exhibited by the date seed oil. The chapter also discusses the effective utilization of date seed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industry and the seed oil by-products in biofuel production. Pharmaceuticals and biofuel production presents an excellent opportunity for the valorization of date palm cultivation and economic returns. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Cancer Prognosis by Using Machine Learning and Data Science: A Systematic Review
Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in the world and the leading cause for most deaths worldwide. Diagnosing cancer early has become the need of the day for doctors and researchers as it allows them to categorize patients as high-risk and low-risk categories which will eventually help them in correct diagnosis and treatment. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that makes use of raw data to make predictions and insights. Using machine learning for cancer prognosis has been under study for a long time and several papers have been published regarding the same. Even though many papers have been published on the usage of statistical methods for cancer prognosis, it has been proved that machine learning models provide more accuracy when compared to conventional statistical methods of detection. These machines can be trained to detect abnormalities such as a tumour by looking at real-world examples. Models such as artificial neural networks, decision trees, clustering techniques, and K-Nearest-Neighbours (KNNs) are being used for cancer prediction, prognosis and also research purposes. The key aim of this article is to go through the popular key trends in using machine learning algorithms for cancer prognosis, types of input datasets to be fed, different types of cancers that can be studied and also the performance of these models. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Nanomaterial- Based Electrochemical Sensors for Vitamins and Hormones
Women and adolescent girls around the globe have fallen prey to, or rather have become vulnerable to, infections and poor health conditions due to the deficiencies caused by their deprivation of vitamins and proteins along with hormonal imbalance resulting in a snowballing effect causing declining well-being among women. The methods currently available in assessing vital hormones and vitamins are time-consuming and expensive, thereby making them inaccessible to economically weaker sections of society. The work carried out so far in determining and quantifying these biomolecules has mostly employed immunosensing techniques on screen-printed electrodes. Glassy carbon electrodes or carbon paste electrodes modified with metal nanoparticles, graphene, and various polymerized films are also being used for the sensing of these biomolecules. In this chapter, the authors navigate a path through, and give a concise outlook on, various nanomaterial-based electrodes and their comparative efficiency for electrochemical sensing of vitamins and hormones. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Anitha Varghese and Gurumurthy Hegde; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plant Macromolecules: Nucleic Acid, Proteins and Hormones
Nanotechnology has the ability to change a wide range of industrial and agricultural operations. To harness these possibilities, it is essential to construct nano-materials that have minimum impact on the human body, plant systems as well as the environment. Using different materials can up-or down-regulate diverse genes of plants, create stimulating or stressful conditions and even cause production of metabolites that affect plant-associated microbes. The same nanoparticle can promote one plant species growth and be toxic to another. A small change in the concen-trations could cause either flourishment or senescence. It is crucial to understand how nanomaterials interact with nucleic acids, the most fundamental plant macro-molecule, as well as with the proteins and hormones made by biochemical processes. This chapter explores the basics of nanotechnology, with a brief classification and notes on some of the most recently used nanomaterials in agriculture such as metals and their oxides, quantum dots, graphene, arabinoxylan and chitosan nanoparticles, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Interactions with these above-mentioned macromolecules are explored, along with futuristic applications in plants that are currently being tested, like nanocarriers and nanovalves. Through this work, it is hoped that the field will further be extended through proper understanding of the environmental implications of nanomaterials, and that green technology will become the norm. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Biomass-Based Functional Carbon Nanostructures for Supercapacitors
For the creation of next-generation biocompatible energy technologies, it is urgently necessary to examine environmentally acceptable, low-cost electrode materials with high adsorption, rapid ion/electron transit, and programmable surface chemistry. Because of their wide availability, environmentally friendly nature, and affordability, carbon electrode materials made from biomass have received a lot of interest lately. The biological structures they naturally possess are regular and accurate, and they can be used as templates to create electrode materials with precise geometries. The current study is primarily concerned with recent developments in research pertaining to biomass-derived carbon electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, including plant, fruit, vegetable, and microorganism-based carbon electrode materials. Also provided is a summary of alternative synthesis methods for the conversion and activation of biomass waste. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Graphene Nanotechnology for Renewable Energy Systems
The high degree of mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivity of graphene enables its application in the renewable energy sector. Graphene plays a vital role in diodes, photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors, batteries, and full cells applications and it enhances the existing efficiency in a tremendous way. The addition of graphene can do tremendous effects on all kinds of inorganic and organic materials for solar cells. In the supercapacitor domain, graphene plays a vital role to provide a large surface which can be useful for energy storage applications. The hybrid supercapacitor and battery trends in research and technology have been discussed. The electrical vehicles and green applications need and accomplishments of graphene and its derivatives have also been described. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Nutraceuticals to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases
Unhealthy lifestyle and diet are the key risk factors to cardiovascular diseases. A healthy cardiac and vascular system can prevent cardiovascular-related diseases like hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart stroke. Identifying pharmacologically important metabolites had paved the way to contemporary medicine. People are more attracted to them as they are majorly plant-based metabolites such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, polysterols, and vitamins as cardio-protectors. Preclinical, clinical, and animal studies provide substantial data confirming nutraceuticals as a promising therapeutic agent in curing cardiovascular diseases. This chapter summarizes on major bioactive molecules as nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical studies, emphasising their cardiovascular protective roles. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.