Browse Items (2832 total)
Sort by:
-
The enigmatic gut-brain-immune trio in brain and behavior disorders
The human gut is a bustling colony of micro-inhabitants such as bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. These microbes inhabited the earth trillions of years before humans, evolved along with humans, and have now outnumbered humans. It has now been established without doubt that these microbiota within us play a significant role in the maintenance of our physical health. They exist in a symbiotic and/or commensal relationship within the host body and assist in digestion, metabolism, and regulation of the immune functions. Interestingly, recent reports suggest that these aliens can regulated our brain and behaviour too. The role of the gut-brain axis in the overall well-being is becoming increasingly evident and nurturing this connection might address many of the challenges in targeting illnesses of the brain. Moreover, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more evidences have unfolded suggesting the impact of peripheral inflammation on mental health. Here, the importance of gut microbes, peripheral immune system, and their influence on brain diseases is addressed. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The role of technology in advancing psychoneuroimmunology research
This chapter explores the transformative impact of technology on Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), emphasizing advancements in neuroimaging, genomics, and proteomics. Techniques like functional MRI (fMRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have revolutionized our understanding of brain activity and neuroinflammation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and proteomic profiling have unveiled genetic and protein biomarkers linked to stress and immune responses. Wearable technology and mobile health apps now enable continuous monitoring and personalized stress management. Big data analytics and machine learning enhance pattern identification and outcome prediction. Ethical considerations, including data privacy and equity, are discussed alongside emerging technologies like AI and nanotechnology. Overall, the chapter highlights how these innovations are reshaping PNI research and improving treatment for stress-related disorders. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Future research and emerging trends in mindfulness and immunology
The chapter examines mindfulness and immunology to understand how our immune system works with mindfulness practice. Research in this area calculates that mindfulness affects immune markers, including cytokines and natural killer (NK) cell activity, apart from effects shown with inflammation or immunityrelated diseases. The discussion also includes a look at newer trends, including brain imaging and more specific treatments and options provided by digitizing public health. However, the promising research limited by small sample sizes and intervention times persists. This part also advocates for increased rigorous, longer-term, cross-disciplinary work to clarify how mindfulness might influence immune health. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Psychoneuroimmunology of yoga and meditation
Yoga and meditation were integral to Ayurveda and were prevalent from 1500 BC to 400 AD. The psychoneuroimmunology of yoga and meditation has been of interest in recent times, and much research is focused on the influence of meditation and yoga on cell telomerase activity, neuroendocrine system, cells of the immune system, oxidative stress, cell aging, and cancer recovery. Yoga and meditation reduce stress and depression and improve sleep quality. Stress-immune relationship influences all age groups, especially individuals with clinical diagnoses, and is a factor in lifestyle diseases and cancer. Elevated levels of oxytocin, serotonin, and dopamine were associated with bliss and positivity, which contribute to the reduction in inflammation and pain perception among practitioners. The present chapter focuses on the psychoneuroimmunology of the effects of yoga and meditation on improving immunity and fast and efficient recovery. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Psychoneuroimmunology in the context of dementia
Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a multitude of cognitive functions. This chapter delves into the vulnerabilities and risk factors associated with aging that can lead to dementia. Aging brings a higher risk of depression and anxiety. The chapter uses the framework of psychoneuroimmunology to explain how psychological states during old age and after the diagnosis of dementia result in immune consequences. The consequences of dementia on daily functioning result in disturbances in sleep, appetite, mobility, sociability, and overall activities of daily living. Impairments in these areas cause increased reliance on caregivers to fulfill daily needs. These disturbances are accompanied by an overactivation of the HPA axis, impairments in glial cell functioning, disturbed glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functioning, a compromised gut-brain axis, and an overall increase in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These physiological changes consequently increase neuroinflammation accelerating the progression of dementia. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the link between neural activity and immune function: Insights from neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology
This chapter investigates the intricate connections between neural activity and immune function, drawing on insights from both neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology. A better understanding of the role of the brain and mental health in regulating immunological responses and general wellbeing is the overarching goal. In order to determine the role of neuronal circuits and neurotransmitter systems in controlling emotional reactions and stress, we begin by going over basic ideas in neuropsychology. This chapter delves into the ways in which these brain systems influence immune function, incorporating insights from psychoneuroimmunology. It examines the mediating functions of neurotransmitters and hormones in the immune system's response to stress, among other topics. The consequences of mental health issues on immunological function, including persistent stress, anxiety, and depression, are highlighted in particular. We highlight the two way nature of the connections by discussing how changes in immune function might impact brain activity and mental health. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Neuroinflammation and cognitive function in infectious diseases
Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), which various infectious diseases can induce and significantly affect cognitive functions. The review enriches the current understanding of neuroinflammation pathology and suggests novel diagnostic/therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairments. Pathogens cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which could be due to a repertoire of mechanism viz. the interplay of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. The influence of neuroinflammation on cognitive function is immense and multifactorial. Neuroinflammatory responses in the acute phase can result in cognitive impairments, like memory deficits, attention span being reduced, and executive dysfunction. However, in cases of persistent neuroinflammation lead to long-term cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes. The mechanisms underlying these cognitive changes are diverse, including disruptions in synaptic plasticity, alterations in neurotransmitter systems, and neuronal cell death. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The role of psychoneuroimmunology in mental health disorders: The intertwined pathways
The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), detailing the interactions between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system in relation to mental health disorders. It discusses how psychological stress can affect immune function, leading to altered neurotransmitter function and contributing to conditions like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. The chapter also explores the influence of gut microbiota on the immune system and brain function and emphasizes the therapeutic implications of understanding PNI pathways for developing innovative and potentially life-changing treatments for mental health disorders. Overall, the chapter highlights the interconnected pathways of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems and advocates for a holistic approach to mental health care. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding psychoneuroimmunology in pediatric development: A focus on neurodivergent populations
Psychoneuroimmunology can be defined as the study of interactions between behavior, neural and endocrine function, and immune processes. The research suggests that the mind and body have a bidirectional connection. These interactions bring many chemical changes in the body. Both Positive and negative emotional states, creating different neuroimmune responses in the body, and thus influence health and recovery from illness. The bi-directional influence of psychology and immunology is especially evident in the pediatric population. Children's quality of life is quite important to define their overall health. Children's quality of life includes child's social, physical, emotional functioning and their family support. Quality of physical well-being (self-care, exercise), interpersonal relationships, emotionally balanced state, and mental construction positively influence psychoneuroimmunology. This book chapter explores the most significant factors that enhance children's psychoneuroimmunology to strengthen their quality of Life. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Psychosocial factors and immune function: Phenomena affecting susceptibility to disease in humans
The interplay between psychosocial factors and immune function represents a critical area of research in understanding human susceptibility to disease. This chapter elucidates how psychological and social variables influence immune responses, affecting disease outcomes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how stress, sleep, personality traits, social support, family dynamics, and socioeconomic status modulate immune function by integrating psychoneuroimmunology, epidemiology, and clinical psychology insights. The goal is to offer a nuanced understanding of these phenomena, highlighting the direct and indirect pathways through which psychosocial factors impact health and well-being. Furthermore, the chapter proposes specific psychosocial interventions backed by empirical evidence that aim to improve immune function. It also discusses potential future directions and research implications. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Stress, immunity, and personality: Mechanisms and interactions
The interaction between personality and immunity is a fascinating area of study that addresses how psychological characteristics can influence mental health. Among the many psychological characteristics, personality patterns play a significant role in shaping how individuals respond to stress and, subsequently, how their immune systems function. This chapter proposes to provide a detailed exploration of the complex interplay between stress and the immune system and its implications on behavior with an emphasis on stress prone and stress resistant personalities. It will delve into the physiological pathways through which stress affects immune function, how different personality types influence stress responses and immune function and discuss the broader implications for health and disease. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Applications of brain-computer interfaces in automated financial services
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility that brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) could bring about a revolutionary transformation in the realm of automated financial services. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) hold the promise of revolutionizing the way financial transactions are carried out, increasing security measures, and bodying stoner gestures. This is to be accomplished by providing direct communication between the brain and external bias. Among the subjects that are covered in this study are verification methods, real-time decision-making, and client participation in financial services. The study delves into the intricate workings of BCIs. Through the use of neural data, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can supply an unknown position of intelligence into the gestures and preferences of stoners. Because of this, financial institutions can offer services that are more effective and more efficiently adapted to the specific needs of each client. This inquiry emphasizes key breakthroughs in BCI technology. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Artificial intelligence-enabled project-based learning to augment subject comprehension among commerce graduates
In project-based learning, students participate in and create knowledge, problem solve and interact with their peers. This method is an active learning program that provides a deep grasp of subject matter as well as teaches critical thinking skills. AI technology in project-based learning creates an environment that is dynamic this allows students to succeed academically. A convenience sample of 100 students will be selected for this experiment-based research. The results using the advanced statistical tools and techniques using the SPSS ver 28 and Independent t test Paired t test were used. The results of the study indicate students in the experiment group had better subject comprehension from project based learning when AI based interventions are given. In contrary, the control group which was not administered with any AI interventions showed moderate increase in subject comprehension. The study's implications emphasise that AI-based projects, real-time feedback, personalized learning resources, and virtual simulations help deepen their understanding of commerce subjects. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Charting the Course of Leadership Through the Digital Era: A Synergy of Leadership Styles, Technology Integration, and Deep Learning
This chapter aims to provide actionable strategies for empowering leaders in leveraging technology to amplify their leadership efficacy in contemporary business environments by employing extensive literature review and deep learning models, a method in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It investigates the effectiveness of three leadership approachesTransformational, Transactional, and Servant Leadershipin meeting high-performance expectations within organizational contexts. The performance of these leadership styles based on their effectiveness scores have been analyzed using data analysis techniques and neural network models, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). Furthermore, Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs), have been utilized to visualize complex leadership dynamics. The findings from this comprehensive analysis provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each leadership approach, guiding strategic leadership development initiatives and organizational decision-making processes. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Green Infrastructure
This chapter explores Green Infrastructure (GI) as a pivotal approach in sustainable urban development, integrating natural and engineered systems to create resilient and livable cities. It examines how GI enhances ecosystem services, mitigates climate change impacts, and supports biodiversity while contributing to human well-being. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies and policy frameworks, the chapter demonstrates the transformative potential of GI in advancing sustainable urban solutions. It also discusses challenges and opportunities in implementing GI, emphasizing the need for innovative governance strategies to foster collaboration among stakeholders. By highlighting best practices and lessons learned, the chapter provides a roadmap for integrating GI into urban planning and policy to achieve long-term environmental, social, and economic benefits. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Combating Evolving Threats: A Systematic Review of Online Ad Fraud Detection
This systematic review investigates online ad fraud detection and brand safety research from 2011 to 2024. The analysis reveals a continuous battle against click fraud and its evolving forms. Machine learning has become a cornerstone of detection efforts, offering superior capabilities compared to traditional methods. The rise of mobile advertising necessitated the development of specialized solutions to address distinct user behavior and data patterns on this platform. However, research highlights an expanding threat landscape beyond click fraud, encompassing impression fraud and placement fraud. Brand safety concerns have also gained prominence, emphasizing the importance of protecting brand reputation. The review underscores the need 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Paradigms of posthumanism on screen: A study of films in Bollywood
Fine arts and cultural studies contribute greatly to the popular understanding of posthumanism. The ideas that are encapsulated under the umbrella of the term "posthumanism" help break away from the discourses that place the human at the center and expand to include dialogues against similar totalizing concepts. A movement towards posthumanism in Indian films can be observed in Bollywood's growing repository. This chapter studies the paradigms of posthumanism in Bollywood and its understanding in the Southeast Asian country. Environmental humanities, sci-fi, and horror act as the most fertile fields of study of the tenets of posthumanism as they grapple with societal debates. The chapter undertakes the study of posthumanism in Bollywood through an analysis of movies under Maddock films, namely Go Goa Gone, Bhediya, and Munjya. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
An overview of AI applications in wildlife conservation
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into wildlife conservation has revolutionized methodologies for monitoring species, enhancing habitat management, and combating poaching. This chapter examines various AI applications that contribute to the protection and preservation of biodiversity. Remote sensing technologies, powered by machine learning algorithms, assist in assessing habitat health and tracking changes over time. AI- driven image recognition tools enable the identification of individual animals from camera trap photos, facilitating more accurate population estimates and behavioral studies. Moreover, predictive analytics play a crucial role in forecasting human- wildlife conflicts and informing proactive management strategies. This synthesis of AI technologies demonstrates their potential to enhance conservation efforts, optimize resource allocation, and ultimately foster more effective wildlife protection initiatives. The ongoing advancement of AI in this field promises to create innovative solutions to some of the most pressing challenges. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Sentiment and emotion analysis using machine learning techniques
Sentiment analysis and text emotion identification have grown in prominence due to their wide range of applications in fields such as psychology, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, and so on. There are numerous Machine Learning approaches available for emotion recognition and sentiment analysis. The chapter also delves into the key procedures of data collecting, preprocessing, and emphasising the necessity of good data in training effective models. Real-world applications from a variety of disciplines, including business, healthcare, and entertainment, are investigated to demonstrate the practical utility of these strategies. The chapter also covers the issues of ambiguity, context-awareness, and cross-linguistic disparities, as well as providing suggestions for future study paths. This chapter provides a detailed exploration of machine learning approaches to sentiment and emotion analysis, making it a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students interested in using machine learning to understand and interpret emotional content in textual data. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Optimizing energy consumption in iot sensors through deep learning-based power management
The rapid growth of internet of things (IoT) devices necessitates efficient power management to curb escalating energy consumption. This chapter proposes a novel solution by employing deep learning techniques to optimize energy use in IoT sensors. The authors review existing IoT sensor energy consumption challenges and conventionalpower management limitations. Drawing ondeep learning's successes, they develop an architecture trained on curated sensor data. Practical implications span industries, scalability, and generalizability to diverse IoT setups. Economic insights highlight potential cost savings and benefits. In conclusion, the innovative deep learning-based approach addressesIoT energy challenges, offering a promising solution that optimizes usage and could reshape IoT device efficiency. This work opens avenues for hybrid strategies, merging deep learning with other techniques, further advancing energy efficient IoT systems. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.