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An Efficient Comparison on Machine Learning and Deep Neural Networks in Epileptic Seizure Prediction
Electroencephalography signals have been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to identify the brains activity and behavior. These signals retrieved from the brain are most commonly used in detecting neurological disorders. Epilepsy is a neurological impairment in which the brains activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or unusual behavior. Methods: The benchmark BONN dataset is used to compare and assess the models. The investigations were conducted using the traditional algorithms in machine learning algorithms such as KNN, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and deep neural networks to exhibit the DNN models efficiency in epileptic seizure detection. Findings: Experiments and results prove that deep neural network model performs more than traditional machine learning algorithms, especially with the accuracy value of 97% and area under curve value of 0.994. Novelty: This research aims to focus on the efficiency of deep neural network techniques compared with traditional machine learning algorithms to make intelligent decisions by the clinicians to predict if the patient is affected by epileptic seizures or not. So, the focus of this paper helps the research community dive into the opportunities of innovations in deep neural networks. This research work compares the machine learning and deep neural network model, which supports the clinical practitioners in diagnosis and early treatment in epileptic seizure patients. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A Study on certain chromatic parameters and polynomials of graphs
In graph theory, graph colouring pertains to the assignment of colours to the elements of a graph such as vertices, edges and faces. Because of the theoretical and practical implications of graph colourings in real-life situations, it is an adequate mathematical model for a wide range of applications such as network analysis, genomic, routing, newlineoptimisation techniques, digital networks and so forth.Motivated by various problems in chemical graph theory and information networks, chromatic topological indices were introduced in recent literature [81], opening ample and vibrant research area in graph theory.In the research reported in this thesis,the vertices of a graph are assigned with colours subject to certain conditions and manipulating their colour codes, a rich research area on chromatic topological indices and different chromatic polynomials are established. newlineAfter mentioning some fundamental terminologies, the study handles the notions of chromatic topological indices and chromatic irregularity indices. A detailed discussion of their upper and lower bounds concerning certain colouring conditions is carried out in this thesis. Chromatic topological indices of a wide variety of graph classes such as wheels, double wheels, helm graphs, closed helm graphs, flower graphs, sunflower graphs and blossom graphs are considered and investigated. The chromatic topological indices of certain derived graphs such as Mycielskian of paths and cycles are also included. Equitable chromatic topological and irregularity indices and injective chromatic topological and irregularity indices are defined and their values are determined for a handful of graph classes. As an indirect analogue to chromatic polynomials in the literature, the notion of chromatic Zagreb polynomials and chromatic irregularity polynomials are being introduced and the same is determined and discussed for paths, cycles and certain cycle related graph classes. -
A conceptual study on searching techniques used in ontology based search engines /
Search engines play a vital role in finding the relevant information across the web and make it available on the finger tips. But they seemed to be less efficient to understand the relationship between the keywords which had an adverse effect on the results it produced. Semantic search engines ?? only solution to this; is still an unrealized dream due to various underlying issues. Reducing the time taken to search the semantic annotated documents is a highly demanded solution for semantic search engines. This research focuses on a study and improvisation of searching techniques used in semantic search engines keeping time complexity as the major factor. Developing semantic search engines is considered to be a time consuming and tedious process. The reasons attributed to that are ?? It is a mightier task to semantically annotate each and every resource (text and multimedia files) available on the net as the number keeps on increasing in an exponential order per day. -
SOME RESULTS ON INJECTIVE CHROMATICS TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF SOME GRAPHS
Graph coloring is an assignment of colors, labels or weights to the elements of graphs subject to certain conditions. Coloring the vertices of a graph G such that adjacent vertices possessing different colors is the notion of proper coloring. A proper coloring C of a graph G is called an injective coloring of G if any two vertices of G having the same neighbouring vertex have different colors in C. As a coloring analogue to Zagreb indices and irregularity indices in the literature, chromatic Zagreb and irregularity indices have been introduced very recently. In this paper, we introduce the notion of injective chromatic Zagreb indices and injective chromatic irregularity indices and determine these indices for some standard classes of graphs. 2019, RAMANUJAN SOCIETY OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES. All rights reserved. -
On equitable chromatic topological indices of some Mycielski graphs
In recent years, the notion of chromatic Zagreb indices has been introduced and studied for certain basic graph classes, as a coloring parallel of different Zagreb indices. A proper coloring C of a graph G, which assigns colors to the vertices of G such that the numbers of vertices in any two color classes differ by at most one, is called an equitable coloring of G. In this paper, we introduce the equitable chromatic Zagreb indices and equitable chromatic irregularity indices of some special classes of graphs called Mycielski graphs of paths and cycles. 2020, SINUS Association. All rights reserved. -
On certain chromatic topological indices of some Mycielski graphs
As a coloring analogue of different Zagreb indices, in the recent literature, the notion of chromatic Zagreb indices has been introduced and studied for some basic graph classes in trees. In this paper, we study the chromatic Zagreb indices and chromatic irregularity indices of some special classes of graphs called Mycielski graphs of paths and cycles. 2020 Yarmouk University. All rights reserved. -
Chromatic Zagreb and irregularity polynomials of graphs
Graph coloring is an assignment of colors, labels or weights to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. Coloring the vertices of a graph in such a way that adjacent vertices are having different colors is called proper vertex coloring. A proper vertex coloring using minimum parameters of colors is studied extensively in recent literature. In this paper, we define new coloring related polynomials, called chromatic Zagreb polynomials and chromatic irregularity polynomials, in terms of minimal parameter coloring and structural characteristics of graphs such as distances and degrees of vertices. 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Microscale screen printing of large-area arrays of microparticles for the fabrication of photonic structures and for optical sorting
There are a limited number of methods applicable to the large-scale fabrication of arrays of discrete microparticles; however, such methods can be applied to the fabrication of structures applicable to photonics, barcoding, and optoelectronics. This manuscript describes a universal method, "microparticle screen printing" (?SP), for the rational patterning of micron-scale particles onto a variety of 2D substrates with diverse mechanical and chemical properties. Specifically, an array of microparticles of different sizes and compositions were patterned onto an array of materials of varying chemistry and stiffness using ?SP yielding a diversity of homo/heterogeneous microparticle-based structures. Further, this manuscript reports how the Young's moduli of the substrate can be used to calculate contact area and thus interaction energies (quantified using Hamaker constants) between the particle/substrate during ?SP. Generally, ?SP is most effective for substrates with low Young's moduli and large Hamaker constants (A132) with the target particles, as confirmed by the performance (quantified using yield and accuracy metrics) of ?SP for the different empirically investigated particle/substrate combinations. These understandings allow for the design of optimal surface/particle pairing for ?SP and were applied to the fabrication of a diversity of heterogeneous structures, including those with periodic vacancies in HCP (hexagonally closed packed) 2D photonic crystal useful to structural optics, optical particle screening useful to chemical assays, and the fabrication of structural barcodes useful for labeling and anticounterfeiting. 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Assessing and Exploring Machine Learning Techniques for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction using Cleveland and Framingham Datasets
Heart disease prediction using machine learning has garnered significant attention due to its potential for early diagnosis and intervention. This study presents an analysis of various machine learning algorithms applied to HD prediction across multiple research papers. The goal of this study is to analyze the performance and predictive capabilities of various machine learning algorithms in predicting heart disease across different datasets and research papers. Algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Gradient Boosting were evaluated using diverse datasets and parameters. In the Cleveland dataset, both Random Forest and Decision Tree classifiers achieved perfect accuracy 100%. Conversely, in the Framingham dataset, Random Forest exhibited the highest accuracy at 94%, followed by SVM at 87.45%, and Decision Tree at 85.23%. While specific algorithm performance varies depending on the dataset and parameters considered, ensemble methods like Random Forest often demonstrate superior performance. These findings underscore the effectiveness of machine learning in HD prediction and emphasize the significance of algorithm selection in developing accurate predictive models for cardiovascular health. 2024 IEEE. -
Wound healing efficacy of curcumin-loaded sandalwood bark-derived carbon nanosphere/PVA nanofiber matrix
The present investigation deals with the evaluation of the wound healing efficacy of sandalwood bark-derived carbon nanospheres loaded with curcumin-embedded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membranes (NF). Carbon nanospheres (CNS) were prepared by pyrolyzing sandal wood bark powder at 750 C. The morphology was confirmed by field emission scanning electron micrographs and a rich amount of carbon was confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray technique. Curcumin, an active wound healing drug was loaded onto synthesized CNS and confirmed by ATR-IR studies. Drug-loaded CNS were anchored in a PVA matrix via electrospun nanofiber fabrication. The fabricated nanofiber membranes were characterized and evaluated for wound healing efficiency. The cytotoxicity assay proved the non-toxic nature of the prepared PVA/CNS-curcumin-loaded NF. Membranes with active CNS/drug showed better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, which was estimated using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) test. The in vitro scratch wound healing assay of prepared PVA/CNS-curcumin nanofibers was efficient enough and showed 92 to 98% wound closure, which was greater than the control (without drug) nanofiber membranes. The PVA nanofiber matrix with interconnected structure and carbon nanostructures together enhanced the wound healing efficacy of the considered wound healing membrane, which is a promising novel approach for future wound healing patches. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Design an efficient protocol for secured energy efficient routing in large scale wireless sensor networks
Wireless Sensor Network has played a significant role in enabling communication and connectivity to human unreachable area since more than a last decade. Apart from its newlinebeneficial features, it also suffers from various problems that have yet not been solved till date in spite of massive research work in this area. The proposed work jointly addresses the problems of energy efficiency and secure routing in wireless sensor network. The existing literatures are found to provide a less scope of an effective solution to address such issues jointly. Hence, the prime goal of the proposed work is to introduce a mechanism that uses lightweight cryptosystem as a part of new hierarchical routing protocol. The mechanism of the proposed work is discussed in three different modules. Where each module is enhanced version of the previous module. The first module is named as Secured Tree Based Routing with Energy Efficiency (STREE), which newlineintroduces a new energy efficient selection of cluster head along with a very simple and newlinelightweight encryption mechanism for routing message using keccak, a newly launched newlinecryptographic hash function. The second module is named as Secured Authentication Based Routing (SABR) introduces node-to-node authentication along with identification newlineand compensation of network related delay owing to incorporated cryptography. The newlinethird module is named as Secured Anonymous Routing with Digital Signature (SARDS) newlinewhich introduces a distinct mechanism of using enhanced elliptical curve cryptography newlineand a new usage of digital signature. The modelling of proposed study is done using newlineanalytical research methodology and the outcome of the study has been compared with newlineexisting standard routing protocol SecLeach to find that proposed system presents a newlinesuperior mechanism of balancing security, energy efficiency, and communication newlineperformance in wireless sensor network. -
STREE: A Secured Tree based Routing with Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications are today not only limited to the research stage rather it has been adopted practically in many defense as well as general civilians applications. It has been witness that extensive research have been conducted towards energy efficient routing and communication protocols and it has been reached to an acceptable stages, but without having a secure communications wide acceptance of the application is not likely. Due to unique characteristics of WSN, the security schemes suggested for other wireless networks are not applicable to WSN. This paper introduces an novel tree based technique called as Secure Tree based Routing with Energy Efficiency or STREE using clustering approximation along with lightweight key broadcasting mechanism in hierarchical routing protocol. The outcome of the study was compared with standard SecLEACH to find that proposed system ensure better energy efficiency and security. 2015 IEEE. -
SARDS: Secured anonymous routing with digital signature in wireless sensor network
A Wireless Sensor Network has witnessed a massive research towards security as well as energy efficiency in past decades. However, there are few studies that have witnessed a cost effective secure routing technique with energy effectiveness till date. Objectives: Our objective is to use public key cryptography for ensuring energy-efficient routing technique in Wireless Sensor Network. Method/Analysis: The proposed paper presents a technique called as SARDS (Secured Anonymous Routing with Digital Signature) that performs verification of the routing information exchanged among the sensors in Wireless Sensor Network. SARDS uses elliptical curve cryptography as the backbone of security formulations and performs authentication of all the communicating nodes present in the network. Findings: The system also allows a dual layer of security by introducing a novel signature based scheme towards public key encryption policy. The outcome of the study shows SARDS to excel best in performance in comparison of existing security and energy efficient routing schemes. Application/Improvements: Proposed SARDS technique offers 1) A novel public key encryption, 2) A novel digital signature scheme, and 3) A novel privacy or anonymous scheme. The outcome of the proposed system is also found to be superior as compared to existing protocols e.g. SecLEACH, LEACH and PEGASIS. -
Joint algorithm for energy-conservation and secure key generation in wireless sensor network
From more than a decade, wireless sensor network is one of the active area of research area. However, the energy dissipation as well as security loopholes are still unanswered question inspite of massive research work. Hence, the proposed system implements a novel algorithm that cumulatively addresses the unwanted energy dissipation problem along with secure authentication process. The prime attempt of this paper was to maintain a well-balance relationship between energy efficiency and security robustness in large scale wireless sensor network. The proposed security process allows one node to authenticate another node using quadratic approach. Implemented over first order radio energy model, the outcome of the proposed system was found to outperform the conventional SecLEACH routing algorithm with respect to processing time and energy. Research India Publications. -
Assessment of Battery Technologies for Future of Electro-Mobility in Emerging Markets
In the outset of economic growth, the emerging country like India faces challenges due to rapid urbanization, infrastructure and city-congestion. The increased demand for mobility and a pivotal role of internal combustion engines from decades in the transportation segment have led to two influencing factors i.e., increased dependency on the oil import from fuel rich countries and alarming levels of emission. Hence it is essential for a country like India to venture into newer technologies to reform the transportation segment, reduce the dependency on the oil import and also has a positive impact on the pollutants. There are few technological barriers for the development of electric vehicles over internal combustion (IC) engines in terms of cost and performance of the vehicle. Along with the reduction of emissions, the electric vehicles should exhibit considerably good specific energy density and specific power density to emulate over the conventional (IC) engines. The three major constituents of electric vehicles are the battery, electric engine and the controller. The energy storage device forms the crux of the electric vehicle and has a significant role in its performance as well as forms the expensive component of the vehicle. Hence this paper involves the evaluation of various battery technologies, their performance requirements and options feasible for electric vehicles of the future. 2018 IEEE. -
Electrochemical Synthesis of Heterocyclic Carbonyls Using Carbon Based Electrocatalysts
Electro-organic synthesis (EOS) is emerging as a powerful and sustainable technique newlinefor synthesizing organic compounds. EOS offers a compelling alternative to newlineconventional synthetic methods, driven by the need for cleaner and more efficient newlineprocesses and a growing focus on environmental impact. This approach minimizes newlineenvironmental impact by reducing dependence on hazardous chemicals and solvents. newlineAdditionally, EOS enables precise control over reaction parameters, leading to selective newlineproduct formation and potentially novel reaction pathways. newlineThis work presents the development of electrocatalysts for the electro-oxidation of newlineselected heterocyclic alcohols, namely piperonyl alcohol (PA), thiophene-2-ylmethanol newline(TM), furfuryl alcohol (FA) and indole-3-carbinol (IC) to their corresponding newlinealdehydes. A Toray carbon fiber paper (TCFP) substrate modified with 2D materials, newlineconducting polymers, metal oxides, and metal oxide nanoparticles are employed in newlinethefabrication of the electrodes. newlineThe efficiency of the developed electrode was studied employing different newlineelectrochemical and physicochemical studies. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XPS), newlineField Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray newlineSpectrometry (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Optical newlineProfilometry (OP) techniques were utilized for the physicochemical studies of the newlinefabricated electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance newlineSpectroscopy (EIS), Chronoamperometry (CA) and Bulk Electrolysis (BE) techniques newlinewere employed for the electrochemical studies, including optimization and synthesis of newlineheterocyclic aldehydes. The fabricated electrocatalysts demonstrated remarkable newlinestability, higher electrocatalytic activity, and good conductivity. The electro-oxidation newlinereactions were carried out in a three-electrode system via BE using 4-acetamido- newline2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (4-ACT) mediator. The products obtained were newlinecharacterized by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. -
Health Microinsurance-Challenges and Strategies
Golden Research Thoughts, Vol-2 (5), pp. 19-23. ISSN-2231-5063 -
Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Children in Conflict with Law: An Exploratory Study of Karnataka and Telangana
The current study analyses the effect that rehabilitation and reintegration of children in conflict with law has on the life of the children. It traces the history of deviant behavior of the child and the causes that lead to deviancy. For the purpose of this study, two institutions were selected from Karnataka and Telangana, because of geographical and social-economic similarities. A sample of 10 (5 from each state) children who had undergone rehabilitation and reintegration process were selected between the age of 12-18 years and interview was conducted. The interview shed light on the rehabilitation and reintegration process that exists in the two states and their institutions from the perspective of the participants and their struggles and challenges was also recorded. Thematic analysis by Braun was loosely followed. The analysis brought out major themes in the experience of the participants and their changes that they had undergone. The research concludes by listing out the characteristics of the respective institutions in the state of Karnataka and Telangana and their impact on the participant in the aspect of rehabilitation and reintegration. -
A Study on the Emergence of Subaltern Counterpublics in Select Malayalam Dalit Christian Narratives
The research A Study on the Emergence of Subaltern Counterpublics in Select Malayalam Dalit Christian Narratives attempts to put Kerala's vernacular Dalit Christian narratives into the scholarly canvas. As statistics do not provide solid data on the quotidian resistance, the narratives reveal the overt and covert struggles of the Dalit Christians. The study problematises the dominant narrative of the State and the Church and provides a way to articulate their voices and the transition from one religion to another. The primary texts for the study include Paul Chirakkarodes Pulayathara, Nostalgia and Eli Eli, Lama Sabach Thani, T.K.C. Vaduthalas Achante Venthinga Inna! and C Ayyapans Ghost Speech. The current study uses the combined frameworks of narratology, Lacanian psychoanalysis and subaltern counterpublics through the method of narrative analysis. Narrative analysis involves analysing stories or narratives to understand their meanings, experiences and values. The research argues that the Dalit Christian narratives become a testimony of subaltern counterpublics, narratology, and resistance tactics, suggesting a counter- narrative effect. They become treasure houses that carry group memory of community life and history. They are enclaved spaces where unfiltered articulations of marginalisation, abandonment, exploitation, rejection, resistance and empowerment occur. They function as proactive spaces that challenge dominant stereotypes and create an ideologically sound public sphere. Alternative discourse arenas become places of empowerment where subaltern counterpublics emerge, thus transforming the narratives into counter-narratives. The study acknowledges the agency of the Dalit Christian narratives to reform, rethink and reinterpret the form and content of Dalit Christian literature from a subaltern perspective. From an epistemological perspective, the Dalit Christian narratives produce knowledge garnered through analysing and interpreting the primary texts as representative of fusing personal and political resources to create a narrative of resistance and survival. -
What Numbers Never Revealed: Tracing Dalit Christian Modernity Through Malayalam Literature
Kerala has a long-standing history of Christianity as well as conversions. Conversions can be dated back to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, which saw a large number of slave caste conversions. For the slave castes of KeralaPulayas and ParayasChristianity offered a salvation from the circle of pollution. Scriptures provided the slave castes new vistas of knowledge which they encultured to form a counter discourse against the public sphere set up by the dominant castes. The public sphere of the Malayalee psyche was formed by the ideas of caste pollution, which restricted the slave castes from accessing the social space. A new Dalit perspective on the religious consciousness of the converted Christians will show the role of the Bible, Original Sin, and Repentance on their daily lives. Dalit Christian literature becomes the primary source where Christianity metamorphoses into an oppositional force in resisting oppression as well as in creating a social space with agency. 2022 Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.