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Taming the HiPPO (Highest Paid Person's Opinion) with agile metrics and value management
If the organisation's ecosystem has an excess of HiPPOs, data, measured analytics, and other realtime information that minimises uncertainty can help them mitigate the consequences. They disregard the wisdom of the crowd, overlook the front-line staff's abilities, and risk disengaging the workforce. This research advocates agile metrics and value management to tame the HiPPO. The authors posit to reign in opinions with metrics. The corporate enlightenment brought about a revolutionary idea over three centuries ago: to elevate science and knowledge above magical thought and mysticism. When the authors convert this into modern terms, they are referring to data-driven management, analytics, and hypothesis validation. In fact, the idea of applying science in the form of true evidence, confirmed data, etc. to production processes underlies much of the industrial revolution. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Role of employee resource groups (ERGs) in fostering workforce diversity in information technology (IT) organizations after COVID-19
This chapter discovers how employee resource groups play an important role in fostering organizational diversity within information technology organizations. It examines the activities and practices to improve employee behaviour and also focuses on challenges faced by employees in spite of stress and mental health related issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data has been collected from secondary sources. The authors have used desk research and gray literature. The findings showcase increased employee engagement, improvements in diversity and inclusion, and an overall improvement in the inventive and creative skills of employees. It also helps the organization to brand itself better along with better recruitment strategies and practices. The key emphasis of the paper looks at the employees working within information technology organizations and how employee resource groups function to balance, motivate, and empower employees during COVID-19 Pandemic. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Smart cities: Redefining urban life through IoT
A smart city is designed using acceptable internet of things (IoT) technologies that solve urban life problems and provide quality of life to the residents. IoT refers to a network of physical devices that are capable of gathering and sharing data and expediting numerous functions without human assistance. IoT supports smart home builders and managers by providing an efficient ecosystem in terms of less operating cost and improvising residence services. In recent days, the initiative of smart homes/buildings/ cities is increasing gradually around the globe. The inclined population in an urban area also expects well-managed automated services in their everyday life. 2023, IGI Global. -
Evolutionized industry with the Internet of Things
Technological development has led us to various paths. Though each technological change has evolved in its own space and time, it resulted in amenities and a pragmatic approach to problem-solving. One such technology is the "Internet of Things" - IoT which was coined in the year 1999 by a computer scientist called Kevin Ashton. Despite its start in the late 90s, it has come a long way to achieve the status of 10 Billion active IoT devices by the end of 2021, with the IoT solutions costing an estimated economic value of 4-11 trillion by 2025. 2023, IGI Global. -
An exploratory study of Python's role in the advancement of cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystems
Blockchain is the foundation of cryptocurrency and enables decentralized transactions through its immutable ledger. The technology uses hashing to ensure secure transactions and is becoming increasingly popular due to its wide range of applications. Python is a performant, secure, scalable language well-suited for blockchain applications. It provides developers free tools for faster code writing and simplifies crypto analysis. Python allows developers to code blockchains quickly and efficiently as it is a completely scripted language that does not require compilation. Different models such as SVR, ARIMA, and LSTM can be used to predict cryptocurrency prices, and many Python packages are available for seamlessly pulling cryptocurrency data. Python can also create one's cryptocurrency version, as seen with Facebook's proposed cryptocurrency, Libra. Finally, a versatile and speedy language is needed for blockchain applications that enable chain addition without parallel processing, so Python is a suitable choice. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Clinical implications of chromosomal polymorphisms in congenital disorders
Alterations in the DNA sequence are generally seen in the general population at >1%, and these alterations can be deletions or insertions. Classically, chromosomal polymorphisms (CPMs) are alterations with no significant phenotypic distinctions. However, few studies have shown that the presence of CPM can lead to congenital disabilities, which can be fatal. These variants in the DNA can happen in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The human genome is considered full of SNPs, and they are responsible for causing pathological phenotypes and provide insight into pathogenesis, a therapeutic approach to the pathology. About 100 million SNPs are observed in humans for an average of 300 nucleotides. These polymorphisms are detected by using molecular techniques. These polymorphisms are not just restricted to the coding region. The CPMs are first recognized on the chromosomes through molecular techniques, followed by detection of the polymorphism. The CMPs are generally the SNPs, deletions/duplications, and presence of microsatellite DNAs. Here we have summarized the implications of CMPs in a few congenital disorders and the method of diagnosis. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Vocational training course preferences among Sikkimese youth
Unemployment is one of the major issues in modern times. High unemployment rates affect a country's economic growth, mental wellbeing of an individual and his/her family members, and create unrest in society. Vocational training is one of the most crucial elements in the competitive and developing world. Through the provision of real-world experience, vocational training aids in developing skills. This study aims to highlight the aspirations of the people of Sikkim concerning vocational training and find its challenges and hindrances. With the help of a structured questionnaire, responses were taken from the youth of Sikkim, India and their perception about opting for different vocational training courses were taken. Upon analyzing the data, it was found that males are more inclined towards cooking and baking classes, repair of mobiles, laptops and other electronic accessories, and repair of bikes and automobiles. Females, on the other hand, wanted to focus on makeup and beautician courses, jewelry design, floriculture, and towards repair of mobile and computers. 2023, IGI Global. -
IoVST: Internet of vehicles and smart traffic - Architecture, applications, and challenges
The internet of things (IoT) is the network of sensors, devices, processors, and software, enabling connection, communication, and data transfer between devices. IoT is able to collect and analyze large amounts of data which can then be used to automate daily tasks in various fields. IoT holds the potential to revolutionise and create many opportunities in multiple industries like smart cities, smart transport, etc. Autonomous vehicles are smart vehicles that are able to navigate and move around on their own on a well-planned road. 2023, IGI Global. -
Predicting cryptocurrency prices model using a stacked sparse autoencoder and Bayesian optimization
In recent years, digital currencies, also known as cybercash, digital money, and electronic money, have gained significant attention from researchers and investors alike. Cryptocurrency has emerged as a result of advancements in financial technology and has presented a unique opening for research in the field. However, predicting the prices of cryptocurrencies is a challenging task due to their dynamic and volatile nature. This study aims to address this challenge by introducing a new prediction model called Bayesian optimization with stacked sparse autoencoder-based cryptocurrency price prediction (BOSSAE-CPP). The main objective of this model is to effectively predict the prices of cryptocurrencies. To achieve this goal, the BOSSAE-CPP model employs a stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) for the prediction process and resulting in improved predictive outcomes. The results were compared to other models, and it was found that the BOSSAE-CPP model performed significantly better. 2023, IGI Global. -
Customer perspective on a curated gift-box service: A study in Sikkim, India
Due to the proliferation of choices and brands, accessibility to information, and new communication mediums, consumer behavior, particularly decision-making processes, has been altered by the spending power of various segments. In the Indian environment, although product appearance has been identified as a significant factor in influencing customer behavior, its effect on decision making when combined with other factors such as cost, features, and intrinsic psychological factors has not been studied thoroughly. This study aims to highlight consumers' perspective on a curated gift-box service in Sikkim. Focusing on gifting during special occasions, impulse buying, and self-gift opportunities, this study stands on the possibility that there is a need for such service in the market. 2023, IGI Global. -
Urbanization and the impact on economic development
Urbanization is a global trend that has both positive and negative impacts on economic development. Urban areas are hubs of innovation, investment, and job creation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. It also brings challenges such as rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and social inequality. Industrialization, closely linked to urbanization, drives economic growth but leads to environmental and social issues. Balancing the benefits of industrialization with sustainable development and social inclusion is crucial. Policymakers ensure that economic growth is shared equitably, and develop environmentally and socially sustainable. Urbanization poses challenges in terms of strained infrastructure, inadequate housing, and social exclusion. These challenges need to be addressed through comprehensive approaches, including investments in infrastructure, education, social welfare, and sustainable urban design. Government, civil society, and private sector partnerships play a vital role in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Sustainable resource allocation in higher education
Higher education is crucial in moulding individuals and societies for a better future. This chapter examines vital aspects such as resource allocation, faculty development, student support, research and innovation, mental health, STEM education, attitude formation, and quality assurance. Effective administration requires sustainable resource allocation and faculty development to enhance instruction quality. Incorporating technology and mindfulness enrich students' experiences. Mental health support is vital for student well-being. Emphasizing STEM, life skills, and a positive mindset equips students for an evolving job market. Quality assurance ensures consistent education. Resolving these challenges allows higher education institutions to shape the future positively. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Innovative constraints formulation in timetable planning for efficient resource allocation in academic institutions
Many developing nations still rely on manual timetable scheduling in academic institutions, leading to inefficiencies. However, advancements in technology have introduced software solutions such as FET (free evolutionary timetabling) to automate the process. In a study, the authors successfully implemented FET to automate timetable creation at a university, reducing the time required from days to seconds. Scheduling in universities with elective courses poses challenges, includingavailable rooms, faculty availability, and guest lecturers. The authors propose a unique timetable generation process that considers post-pandemic social distancing measures. This process addresses various complex constraints faced by academic institutions and holds potential for reopening institutions in a cautious manner following the pandemic. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring the role of Python in self-supervised contrastive learning for generating medical imaging reports
This chapter investigates Python's involvement in self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL) for medical imagery with report generation. The research highlights the relevance of SSCL as a method for creating medical imaging reports and the benefits of implementing it using Python. The literature review gives a complete overview of SSCL approaches in medical imaging and shows the advantages of SSCL implementation using Python libraries such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, and Keras. The study's methodology describes the research topics, survey design, methods of data gathering, and analytic procedures. The study named SSCL-GMIR findings indicate that several practitioners utilize SSCL in medical imaging using Python modules. This study highlights Python's significance in implementing SSCL for creating medical imaging report documents, offering researchers and practitioners a more efficient and effective method for producing accurate and informative reports and diagnoses. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Involvement of chalcones and coumarins in environmental stress tolerance
Plants are invariably subjected to various environmental stresses that hinder their normal growth and development, which leads to decreased plant productivity and yield. To combat the detrimental effects of such abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have developed diverse mechanisms and one of the prominent ones includes the production of secondary metabolites like phenolic, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Secondary metabolites serve as major components of the plant stress responses. Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) and coumarins (1,2-benzopyrone) are precursors of flavonoids, a common secondary metabolite of plants that provide a beneficial role during oxidative and biotic stress. Apart from protection, coumarins have certain roles in promoting or inhibiting plant growth, affecting cell division and differentiation and auxin metabolism. These compounds are also known to possess therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and cytotoxic effects when isolated from plants. Besides, chalcones and coumarins have allelopathic effects and protect plants against herbivory. Owing to excellent ROS scavenging properties, chalcones, coumarins, and their derivatives are extensively employed as agents to alleviate adversities associated with abiotic stresses like osmotic, heat, and cold stress, and in defense against pathogen invasion. The application of these secondary metabolites to mitigate atrocities of environmental stress in plants is an interesting and concurrent area of investigation. This chapter highlights the structural and functional details of chalcones and coumarins and their implications in ameliorating environmental stress in plants. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Green marketing: Exploring concepts, strategies, and future trends
Green marketing research is becoming more and more well-liked in academia and business. Both companies and customers today recognize the value of eco-friendly products due to increased awareness of how companies respond to various factors contributing to environmental degradation. One should understand the meaning, opportunities, and threats associated with green marketing to harness the benefits of green marketing. This book chapter aims to explore various aspects of green marketing, including its evolution throughout the years, opportunities, threats, the future of green marketing, etc. To sum up, this chapter aims to gain an in-depth understanding of green marketing and how companies could use it to their advantage. Successful implementation will be possible only if associated threats are carefully analyzed and understood. Therefore, a part of this chapter will be dedicated to understanding the threats associated with green marketing strategies. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
A modern approach of swarm intelligence analysis in big data: Methods, tools, and applications
Swarm intelligence is one of the most modern and less discovered artificial intelligence types. Until now it has been proven that the most comprehensive method to solve complex problems is using behaviours of swarms. Big data analysis plays a beneficial role in decision making, education domain, innovations, and healthcare in this digitally growing world. To synchronize and make decisions by analysing such a big amount of data may not be possible by the traditional methods. Traditional model-based methods may fail because of problem varieties such as volume, dynamic changes, noise, and so forth. Because of the above varieties, the traditional data processing approach will become inefficient. On the basis of the combination of swarm intelligence and data mining techniques, we can have better understanding of big data analytics, so utilizing swarm intelligence to analyse big data will give massive results. By utilizing existing information about this domain, more efficient algorithm can be designed to solve real-life problems. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Customary complications and screening techniques of early pregnancy
Complications arising during pregnancy are one of the significant public health issues around the world. Being the critical aspect for the growth and development in every human's life, it is necessary to assess any pathological disturbance mainly concerning the well-being of the fetus and mother throughout pregnancy. Few women face health downline while pregnancy, whereas few faces before getting pregnant; both the conditions can lead to complications in maternal and fetal health. Usually, pregnancy-related complications disappear as soon as the baby is delivered or shortly after that. Few complications include premature delivery, abruption of the placenta, preeclampsia, and diabetes. At the same time, gestation and these complications reoccur in successive pregnancies at a higher rate. They can also make the women prone to lifelong medical complications such as metabolic diseases or cardiovascular disease later in life. Most of the complications are mild without progression, but it harms both the mother and baby when they progress. Hence, it is important to diagnose early the danger signs and provide antenatal care to elevate the chances of proper health in both the mother and infant throughout the pregnancy and afterwards. This chapter focuses on the complications faced in the early phase of pregnancies and the screening methods utilized to diagnose them early, along with long-term effects in mothers due to some complications. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Women's empowerment within the tourism industry: Risk assessment and mitigation strategies for solo women travellers
Travelling is essential for maintaining one's happiness and mental wellness. Tourism is a job providing industry and huge contributions to economic growth, and many studies have been undertaken to determine who is attracted to tourism. Surprisingly, women take a major stand in the tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to examinefemale solo travelers' risk assessment and their mitigation strategies by investigating online travel blogs. Therefore, the study aims at assessment of risk such as physical risk, destination-specific risk, and financial risk faced by solo women travellers by considering and analyz- ing online women travellers' blog narratives. These narratives from online travel blogs pertaining to Indian solo female travellers are considered in this study. Hence, this assessment gives an opportunity to know how to stay safe in uncertain situations and also mitigation strategies to stay alert. The result of the study indicates the various risks faced by solo female travel and mitigation strategies for promotion of more female travellers. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Healthcare cloud services in image processing
Technology has been fundamental in defining, advancing, and reinventing medicalpractises, equipment, and drugs during the last century. Although cloud computing is quite a newer concept, it is now one of the most often discussed issues in academic and therapeutic contexts. Many academics and healthcare persons are focused in providing vast, conveniently obtainable, and reconstruct assets like virtual frameworks, platforms, and implementations having lesser business expenditures. As they need enough assets to operate, store, share, and utilise huge quantity of healthcare data, specialists in the field of medicine are transferring their operations in the cloud. Major issues about the application of cutting-edge cloud computing in medical imaging are covered in this chapter. The research also takes into account the ethical and security concerns related to cloud computing. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.