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A Novel Investigation on p-GaN GATE with and without AlGaN Back Barrier for AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
p-GaN layers are relatively mature and controllable, making p-GaN HEMTs the leading structure that is most likely to be commercialized. The analysis of the gate design parameters, such as transconductance, breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, Johnson Figure of Merit (JFOM), and gate turn-on current of p-GaN devices, which determine the on-state characteristics, needs to be investigated. The AlGaN barrier, p-GaN gate, GaN, AlGaN back barrier, and SiC substrate constitute the structure of p-GaN, which is operated in the E-mode. The use of an AlGaN back barrier reduces the punch-through current. Silicon carbide (SiC) is used as a substrate to have lower lattice mismatch with the nitride layer. The transfer characteristics, transconductance, threshold voltage, breakdown voltage, and JFOM are analyzed. The device demonstrates a positive threshold voltage that varies linearly with changes in ambient temperature. In addition, the device featuring an AlGaN back barrier shows a higher breakdown voltage of 105 V, in contrast to the device lacking a back barrier. 2025, Society for Communication and Computer Technologies. All rights reserved. -
DFT Aware Test Architecture for Communication ICs: ATPG-Based Fault Detection on Lower Technology Node
In this research, hafnium dioxide (HfO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are investigated as advanced gate dielectrics for GaN-based MISHEMTs on diamond substrates. AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs, incorporating HfO2 and TiO2 as gate dielectrics, have been rigorously analyzed and optimized for RF and DC performance through ATLAS TCAD simulations. The MISHEMTs with HfO2 gate dielectrics exhibited impressive metrics: a high drain current density (IDS) of 3.62 A/mm, a breakdown voltage (VBR) of 998 V, a transconductance (gm) of 1.09 S/mm, and a cutoff frequency (fT) of 49 GHz. Conversely, the MISHEMTs utilizing TiO2 as the passivation layer demonstrated even superior performance, achieving an IDS of 3.7 A/mm, a V_B of 1168 V, a gm of 1.13 S/mm, and an fT of 48 GHz. Both dielectric materials contributed to a notably low on-resistance of 4.9 ?mm. The synergistic effect of the diamond substrate with high-performance HfO2 or TiO2 gate dielectrics positions these MISHEMTs as highly promising candidates for next-generation power switching and RF applications, due to their enhanced efficiency and robustness under high-power and high-frequency conditions. The proposed work improves the performance enhancement of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (MISHEMTs) with inclusion of diamond substrate. Diamond substrate to its wide energy bandgap ranges of 5.5 eV for used materials for both power electronics and RF applications electrical and Thermal properties are concerned in its high. 2025, Society for Communication and Computer Technologies. All rights reserved. -
Geodetic sets in n-inordinate invariant intersection graphs
Algebraic graph theory is a rapidly growing research area in which several graphs based on algebraic structures are introduced and investigated. The algebraic intersection graphs, called the n-inordinate invariant intersection graphs, and the n-inordinate invariant non-intersection graphs, have been constructed on the symmetric group and various properties of these graphs are studied, in the literature. In this article, we analyse the structure of these graphs by examining different types of geodetic sets in them. 2025, Ankara University Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. -
CONTINUOUS FLOW TERPENE SYNTHESIS: METAL PLATE REACTOR-ENABLED DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS
This study presents an eco-friendly, high-efficiency protocol for the industrial production of terpenes using a continuous flow process with metal plate reactors. Traditional methods like batch processing for terpene production via the Diels-Alder reaction suffer from low efficiency, high waste disposal, and high costs due to stringent requirements. In the current study, the reaction parameters were optimized in a continuous flow setup, focusing on conversion, selectivity, and waste reduction to enhance economic viability. The results of optimization studies demonstrate that reaction completion is attainable at temperatures of 90C and above, under conditions of 4 bar pressure, 1.05 mole equivalents of methyl pentenone, and 0.05 mol% % catalyst loading. The usage of polar solvents was found to adversely affect reagent conversion efficiency. The protocol was validated by comparison with batch methods and demonstrated reproducibility and scalability through a 24-hour continuous process, achieving a 95% mole yield and 96% conversion under optimized conditions. Analyses of Gas chromatography, GC-MS,1 H-and13 C-NMR were used to confirm the products. The findings support the industrial potential of the protocol for sustainable terpene production, reducing polymerization and minimizing by-products. 2025, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, c/o Dr. Pratima Sharma. All rights reserved. -
Evaluation of Potential Toxicity of Calotropis gigantea Leaf Extract on Danio rerio: Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress and Histological Toxicity Analysis
A greater understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of plant-based products is required due to their increasing use. Despite its long-recognised medicinal properties, Calotropis gigantea possesses toxic characteristics that necessitate further investigation into its chemical composition and biological effects. This study evaluates the toxicity of crude C. gigantea leaf extracts on the freshwater fish Danio rerio over a 30-day exposure period. Alongside GCMS analysis, which identified 48 major constituents, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity were assessed using the DPPH assay. The extracts exhibited a higher flavonoid content than phenolic content, indicating strong antioxidant potential. In contrast, biochemical analyses revealed that exposed fish showed significantly elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), signifying cellular stress and disruption of redox homeostasis. Histological examinations of the liver, brain, muscle, and gills of treated fish demonstrated notable alterations. The gills exhibited lamellar fusion and epithelial lifting, impairing respiration. The brain showed neuronal vacuolation and degeneration, suggesting neurotoxicity, while muscle tissues displayed myofibrillar degeneration. Liver samples revealed hepatocyte necrosis and vacuolisation, indicative of metabolic dysfunction. Collectively, these enzymatic and systemic histopathological responses emphasise the toxicological impacts of C. gigantea extracts on aquatic organisms. The findings underscore the importance of ecotoxicological evaluations and the dual nature of medicinal plants such as C. gigantea, which can be both therapeutic and harmful. In addition to stressing the necessity for cautious application and further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their toxicity, this study provides valuable insights into the biological effects of plant-derived compounds. 2025, Dr Tarak Nath Podder Memorial Foundation. All rights reserved. -
ANALYZING THE BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF GUILT-FREE FOOD CONSUMPTION: STUDY OF GEN Z PERSPECTIVE
This study investigated the factors influencing Gen Z's purchase intentions for guilt-free food products in India. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of food habits among the current generation using the Theory of Planned behaviour. Using purposive sampling, the data was collected from 318 Gen Z students in major Indian cities. SPSS and AMOS were utilised to conduct the analysis of the sample. The analysis revealed that attitude, perceived behaviour control and subjective norms significantly influenced the purchase behaviour. The study provides valuable insights for marketers, policymakers, and food producers seeking to promote guilt-free food products among this influential demographic. 2025 Amity University. All rights reserved. -
Deep and Hybrid Ensemble Learning Methods for Enhanced Live-Birth Prediction in Fertility Treatments
The prediction of live birth outcomes using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) remains a complex task owing to the high inter-patient variability and non-linear clinical interactions. This study presents a comparative evaluation of hybrid machine-learning models to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) success prediction using a real-world anonymized dataset of 2,000 ART cases. After pre-processing (including missing value imputation, feature selection via Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation, and class balancing using SMOTE with k=5), four hybrid models were developed: stacking with XGBoost as the meta-learner, weighted ensemble, autoencoder-based feature fusion, and cascading classifiers. Models were evaluated using accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, and compared against a baseline Random Forest classifier. The stacking model (XGBoost with Random Forest, MLP, and SVM base learners) achieved the best performance, with an accuracy and 0.999 AUC of 0.985. The weighted hybrid ensemble followed an accuracy of 0.953 and AUC of 0.994. The statistical significance of the improvements was confirmed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and McNemars tests (p < 0.05). To enhance model transparency, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied to interpret base model contributions in the stacking architecture. These results support the application of AI-driven hybrid modelling for personalized IVF treatment planning. Future work will focus on prospective validation and clinical decision support system (CDSS) integration to assess deployment feasibility. (2025), (Slovene Society Informatika). All rights reserved. -
Imagined Communities in Bollywood: A Contrapuntal Reading of The Kashmir Files and Mulk
Under the Modi regime, Hindu nationalist ideologies have gained prominence, resulting in a growing utilisation of cinema as a political tool in India. This article explores Bollywoods role as a mass cultural medium in shaping communal identities through a contrapuntal analysis of two ideologically opposed films: Mulk (2018) and The Kashmir Files (2022). Utilising Benedict Andersons concept of imagined communities and Edward Saids contrapuntal reading technique, the research examines the role of these films in shaping narratives of majoritarian Hindus and minority Muslims. The Kashmir Files promotes a one-dimensional communal narrative that portrays Muslims as the aggressors and Hindus as the victims, thus bolstering Hindutva ideologies. Conversely, Mulk challenges this narrative by depicting the Muslim community as unjustly demonised and seeking justice in a pluralistic context. This article outlines Bollywoods involvement in the broader political discourse surrounding religious identity in India through a comparative analysis of themes like terrorism, visual stereotyping, and the representation of jihad. The findings are intended to contribute to the critical discussion surrounding nationalism, media representation, and communal politics in present-day South Asia. 2025, International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. -
Ableisms Impact on Body and Identity in Indra Sinhas Animals People
This study explores the link between ableism and identity formation through the discourse analysis of Indra Sinhas Animals People (2007). Set against the backdrop of a post-industrial disaster, the Bhopal gas tragedy in an Indian metropolis, the novel provides a powerful narrative about the marginalised. By analysing the social perceptions and structures that define ability, normalcy, and physical beauty, the study investigates how societal norms and cultural attitudes frame the protagonists experiences of exclusion and identity crisis. The study further investigates how the novel critiques the broader social and cultural dimensions of ableism in post-colonial contexts, revealing the intersection of power, disability, and identity in the social fabric of Asian societies. Social constructionist perspectives provide a framework for comprehending the social construction of disability, stigma, othering of disabled bodies, and cultural norms of beauty, normalcy, ability, and identity. Subjective and objective realities are discussed around the character, Animal. The study findings reveal the profound personal consequence of ableism on the self-image, body image, and self-perception of individuals with disabilities, the dehumanisation, marginalisation, and ultimately, an identity crisis of disabled individuals. 2025 International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic Performance Analysis of D-STATCOMs for Mitigating Charging Station Impacts in Photovoltaic Distribution Systems Using Enhanced HunterPrey Optimization
This study investigates the dynamic operational performance and optimal allocation of Distribution Static Compensators (D-STATCOMs) in PVEV integrated distribution systems to mitigate the impacts of voltage fluctuations, increased power losses, and reactive power imbalances. An Enhanced HunterPrey Optimization (EHPO) algorithm is proposed in the study, incorporating chaotic initialization, adaptive parameter control, and Cauchy's mutation exploration strategy to improve global search capability and convergence reliability. The proposed method is validated on the IEEE 33, 69, and 118-bus distribution test systems under varying PV generation and EV charging demand scenarios. Results show that the EHPO-based D-STATCOM placement significantly reduces active power losses and enhances voltage stability. The findings highlight the effectiveness of combining advanced metaheuristic optimization with custom power devices to ensure the resilient, reliable, and sustainable operation of future EVPVdominated distribution networks. 2026, TUBITAK. All rights reserved. -
DNA Data Storage: A Novel Approach to High Density, Long Term Digital Storage
With global data volume expected to reach 175 zettabytes by 2025, existing data storage systems face growing issues due to limited durability, high costs, and susceptibility to data loss. DNA, a naturally occurring biomolecule with extremely high storage density and extraordinary stability, has emerged as a promising alternative for long-term digital data preservation. Major challenges remain, including the high cost of DNA synthesis and the slow rates of encoding and data retrieval. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology, molecular computation, nanopore sequencing, and hybrid silicon-DNA systems are helping to overcome these difficulties. Sequence-based techniques provide exceptional density, while structural DNA approaches allow for dynamic rewriting and reusability. Ongoing research and innovation indicate that DNA-based storage is becoming more feasible in terms of efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, making it a plausible contender for meeting future data preservation demands. 2026, TUBITAK. All rights reserved. -
Quality of Life of Indian Youth during 3rd Year of COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 adversely impacted the overall well-being of the youth like others. Perceived Quality of Life (QoL) is one of the determinants of the effective involvement of youth in their studies and career success. No Indian study reported on the QoL of youth. Given this background, the present study attempted to examine the perceived QoL of Indian Youth during 3rd year of COVID-19 pandemic and its association with their background, perceived stress, worries, online teaching mode and physical activities. Seven hypotheses were formulated for verification. Data were collected using a specially designed Structured Questionnaire and WHO QoL Questionnaire after ascertaining the face validity. A group of 334 youth aged between 21-24 participated in the online study (Mean age: 22.51; SD: 2.154). Findings disclosed that the overall QoL of 19.16% (64/334) of youth was poor, while it was average for 19.16% (64/334) and high for 20.7% (69/334) youth. However, male and female youth differed significantly with respect to physical QoL only (p < 0.000). The youth who perceived stress from attending continuous online classes and staying at home had lower scores in all four domains of QoL (p < 0.001). The findings also confirmed an association between worries about future careers and catching COVID-19 and QoL. The effectiveness of the online teaching mode and clarification of queries were positively associated with QoL (p < 0.001). Interestingly, social support from family members and friends and physical exercise were found to be stress relieving and reflected in overall improved QoL (p < 0.001). The study's findings talk about promoting physical activities and introducing institution-based mental health support facilities for the youth who lack support facilities. The Author(s) 2025. -
Designing Emotionally Adaptive Chatbots for Diverse Users: A User-Centered Human-AI Interface Framework
Recent advancements in conversational AI have improved task efficiency but often neglect the emotional and cognitive diversity of users. This research introduces a novel, user-centered framework for emotionally adaptive chatbots that integrates ML-based emotion recognition with personalized responses that are ethically filtered meaning they are designed to respect user privacy, fairness, and transparency principles. The Berlin Emotional Speech Database (EmoDB) was used to train and evaluate three machine learning models using MFCC features. Among them, the XGBoost model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 77.6%, outperforming Random Forest (75.0%) and SVM (68.2%). To evaluate user experience, a dataset of 385 participants was generated using a 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire adapted from the UTAUT model and extended with trust and emotional alignment measures. Statistical tests, including a t-test (p = 0.711) between neurodiverse and non-neurodiverse users and an ANOVA (p = 0.337) across domains, confirmed the consistency and inclusivity of perceived satisfaction. Visual analytics, including correlation heatmaps and radar charts, revealed that users with predicted emotions such as happiness and neutral reported the highest satisfaction scores (mean = 4.49, SD = 0.29 and mean = 4.26, SD = 0.31, respectively). A seven-layered modular architecture was proposed, supporting real-time emotional adaptivity, personalization, and ethical compliance. The framework is integration-ready with NLP engines like GPT and Dialogflow, offering a scalable solution for affective AI deployment across healthcare, education, and public service domains. Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. -
Protecting Privacy and Ethics in AI-driven Conversational Systems using Laplace Mechanism
AI-powered analytics and conversational systems designed for data mining and other manipulative tasks raise concerns about who can access data and how to utilize it. This data progression has brought forth significant ethical considerations concerning privacy and ethics. AI-powered conversational agents, such as chatbots and virtual assistants, collect and process vast amounts of personal data to enhance user experience and provide tailored responses. Many industries have been transformed by artificial intelligence (AI)-based analytics systems, and some have unthinkable analytical data in terms of better decision-making, highly personalized customer experiences, and improved operational efficiency. While conversational AI offers convenience for users, this technology is also associated with privacy and data protection threats. This research seeks to understand the ethical issues with AI-driven analytics, focusing on data privacy and ethics in verbal and written interactions. This work will look at the current state and potential threats in depth and demonstrate the implementation of differential privacy using the Laplace mechanism in the query output so that the document has no special meaning and does not distort the released results significantly. Author(s) 2025. -
Smart Farming with Ensemble Learning: A Soil-Driven Crop Suggestion Model for Sustainable Agriculture
The use of machine learning (ML) in agriculture has paved new avenues to improve decision making, especially in crop choice. The current research offers a data-driven crop recommendation system using a machine learning approach based on key soil and environmental factorsi.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, temperature, humidity, and rainfall. A dataset of 2,200 soil records was processed using exploratory data analysis (EDA), normalization, and model training with algorithms such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Gradient Boosting. Of these, Random Forest provided the best test accuracy of 99.32%, with high predictive ability and interpretability via feature importance measures. Violin and boxplots showed distinct feature separability among crop types, particularly in variables such as rainfall, temperature, and NPK concentrations, confirming the model's classification effectiveness. The practicability of the system is in its possible incorporation in IoT-based soil monitoring devices and cell advisory apps, delivering real-time, location-specific crop advice. This strategy enables farmers to make informed decisions, minimizes fertilizer waste, and promotes sustainable farming practices. The suggested system not only showcases technical strength but also fits well within the overall vision of smart farming and precision agriculture. Author(s) 2025. -
Characterization and Analysis of Carbon Fiber and Nano hBN Reinforced Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites by Conventional Sintering
As mono composites focus solely on improving one property at a time, the significance of hybrid composites grows day by day. The incorporation of carbon fiber (CF) and nano hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles as reinforcement for Aluminium has gained significant popularity because of their superior properties. In this work, the AA 7050 is reinforced with carbon fiber and nano hBN and fabricated by powder metallurgy method. To achieve an effective nanoparticle distribution in the matrix, premixing of the particles was done. The reinforcements were effectively dispersed by ball milling, and the composite was created using a traditional powder metallurgy. Dispersion of the particles in the matrix was analyzed by optical microscope. The effect of adding reinforcement to the matrix was investigated using properties such as micro hardness and compression test, and wear characterization. A significant increase in mechanical and wear properties was achieved for the combination of 0.25 wt. % carbon fiber and 0.5 wt. % hBN addition due to the uniform dispersion of nano particles along with the carbon fiber presence. The microhardness, compressive strength and wear rate is improved by 33%, 66% and 54 % respectively than the bare alloy. This study provides insight into the importance of hybrid Aluminium nano composites for high strength applications. Author(s) 2024. -
Biocontrol potential of Flemingia wightiana: A natural weapon against Culex quinquefasciatus
Globally, mosquito-borne diseases, particlulalry those transmitted by Culex quincquefasciatus pose a significant public health challenge. Traditional methods of eradication using synthetic insecticides pose environmental concerns and a risk of developing insecticide-resistant varieties. Here, the use of plant-based biopesticides offers a safer and sustainable alternative. The study aimed to investigate the insecticidal properties of Flemingia wightiana (FW) leaves by synthesising leaf extracts and silver nano-particles. The toxicity of the test samples was tested on Oreochromis niloticus at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L. Furthermore, the test samples were subjected to lethality assay on C. quinquefasciatus. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of crude extract and silver nanoparticles of F. wightiana at varying concentrations, specifically 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L. Ovicidal, emergency and larvicidal activity were studied. The results indicated significant larvicidal activity and exhibited better potential for toxicity against Culex larvae treated with AgNPs. FW-AgNPs have substantial effect in delaying the hatching of mosquito eggs. Moulting of larvae from one instar to the next was also delayed by treatment with AgNPs. The findings demonstrated that FW-AgNPs play a significant role in controlling C. quinquefasciatus populations. : Author (s). Publishing rights and ANSF. -
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo: Pesticidal efficacy against Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera with a safety assessment
Plant-based metallic nanoparticles hold promise for agricultural applications. This study investigated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Vitex negundo leaf extract. It assessed their pesticidal properties and safety. AgNPs were synthesized via aqueous extract and characterized by UVVis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Characterization revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 435 nm, an average particle size of 236.4 nm, and a stable zeta potential. SEM confirmed spherical morphology, XRD indicated a face-centred cubic (fcc) structure, and FTIR confirmed biomolecule-mediated capping and stabilization. Larvicidal bioassays showed that 5 mg/L AgNPs caused 78-89% mortality in Spodoptera litura and 83-100% in Helicoverpa armigera. In both pests, oxidative stress was triggered. Catalase (CAT) activity increased by over 80% in S.litura and moderately in H. armigera. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity declined post-treatment, from 9.4 to 5.0 mM/ min/mg protein in H. armigera and from 1.0 to 0.7 mM/min/mg protein in S. litura, indicating impaired detoxification. In Oreo-chromis urolepis, AgNPs (5, 10, and 25 mg/L) induced oxidative stress without mortality. CAT activity decreased within 24 hours (72.4% at 5 mg/L) and remained suppressed by day 5 (36.7% at 25 mg/L). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 5 mg/L (19.8%) and 25 mg/L (54.8%), while GST initially declined but rebounded at higher concentrations. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased by 24.3% at 25 mg/L, indicating adaptation. This study highlights that V. negundo-derived AgNPs are effective, eco-friendly biopesticides with minimal non-target toxicity. Author (s). -
Computational identification of microbial metabolites as potential inhibitors of mosquito juvenile hormone binding protein for vector control
A group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids, that form the Juvenile hormone is crucial in the developmental physiology of insects. Aedes aegypti is crucial in spreading fatal diseases such as dengue, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The mosquito undergoes several stages of development, from the egg to the adult stage, utilizing its innate immunity system and juvenile hormone proteins. Thus, targeting the juvenile hormone-binding proteins can potentially inhibit the developmental stages of the mosquito. The mosquito juvenile hormone binding protein (mJHBP) of Aedes aegypti was obtained from the RCSB (PDB). The study identified that Talaromyces islandicus and Bacillus velezensis produced secondary metabolites that act as efficient ligand complexes. The secondary metabolites were procured from PubChem and docked to the binding sites of mJHBP. Among the 26 listed ligand compounds, oxalic acid, decyl 3,5-difluorophenyl ester, oxalic acid 3,5-difluorophenyl undecyl ester, and poctylacetophenone were found to have higher binding affinity, marking their efficiency in inhibiting the protein. Normal mode analysis studies were performed using iMODs to analyze the B-factor, variance, covariance, and Eigenvalues of the docked protein-ligand complexes. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) properties of the efficient ligand molecules were analyzed using the Swiss ADME tool to segregate potential drug candidates. Targeting the mJHBP complex using the microbial metabolite ligand molecules can inhibit the development of the mosquitoes. The work enlightens the futuristic development of potential candidates in the production of insecticides. The literature confirms it is the first of its type to utilize microbial bio compounds as ligands targeting the mJHB protein complex. : Author (s). Publishing rights @ ANSF. -
Antimicrobial potential of selected fruit peel extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria: An eco-friendly approach
The rapid rise of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria due to the misuse of antibiotics necessitates the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of selected fruit peels: Carica papaya, Ananas comosus, Musa acuminata, and Punica granatum. These extracts were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The findings indicated that all four fruit peel extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the selected pathogenic strains. The effectiveness of the extracts followed the following orders: P. granatum > M. acuminata > C. papaya > A. comosus for S. aureus, P. granatum > C. papaya > M. acuminata > A. comosus for P. aeruginosa, and A. comosus > M. acuminata > C. papaya > P. granatum for K. pneumoniae. Notably, K. pneumoniae demonstrated high sensitivity to A. comosus extract with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL. S. aureus inhibition was observed with a MIC of 12.5 mg/mL for both P. granatum and M. acuminata extracts, while P. aeruginosa showed a MIC of 12.5 mg/mL for both P. granatum and C. papaya extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis along with structural elucidation using Gas chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), identified medicinally significant compounds like Tetracyclononane hexamethyl, phthalic acid, 9-octadecenal, 7-methyl undecane, 2-dodecyl-propanediol in these peels, likely contributing to their antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of these fruit peels as effective antimicrobial agents and highlights their role in sustainable waste management. : Author (s).