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Quantifying the Impact: Assessing FPO Penetration in Indian Agriculture Through the Lens of the 2019 Situation Assessment Survey
In India, Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) are garnering significant attention as a potential solution to address the challenges faced by small-scale farmers. This research paper focuses on the engagement of farmers with more than 33,000 registered FPOs in India. It analyzes data from the Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households 2019 and the FPO dataset by the Tata Cornell Institute. The paper sheds light on how farmers are involved with FPOs to meet their agricultural needs, such as acquiring inputs, managing the sale of farm produce, and receiving technical support for farming activities. Despite the anticipated benefits for farmers through their engagement with FPOs, the actual achievements have not met initial expectations. The impact of FPOs on farmers remains minimal, with fewer than 1% of farmers in India utilizing FPO services. This emphasizes the crucial need for reassessment and targeted interventions to enhance the effectiveness of these organizations. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Persistent Luminescence and in Vivo Bioimaging
In vivo bioimaging encompasses the non-invasive visualization of internal cells or organs within the human body, facilitating the real-time monitoring of dynamic biological processes. This form of bioimaging holds paramount significance within clinical domains due to its capacity to facilitate early disease detection, notably in cases of life-threatening conditions such as cancer. Although established imaging modalities like ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescence imaging exist, the quest for innovative imaging probes with enhanced visibility to provide high-resolution images remains an active area of research. The introduction of persistent luminescent nanoprobes, characterized by their unique afterglow luminescence property, presents an exciting avenue in the realm of bioimaging. These nanoprobes offer several advantages over traditional fluorescent probes, notably in their ability to surmount light attenuation challenges within biological tissues including issues such as autofluorescence and light scattering. The chapter offers a succinct introduction to two pivotal facets of fluorescence imaging, namely persistent luminescence and upconversion luminescence while elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing their luminescence behavior. Moreover, this chapter provides comprehensive insights into various fluorescence imaging techniques, encompassing near-infrared imaging, upconversion imaging, X-ray-activated luminescence imaging, persistent luminescence imaging, and various multimodal imaging techniques. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Empowering Gender Equality in Business Sustainability: A STARA (Smart Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms)-Centric Exploration of Socio-Technological Innovation for Modern Business Environments
Technological paradigms worldwide are evolving at a breakneck pace. Workplaces are evolving, organizations are shifting, and businesses are seeking to sustain themselves based on technological development. In recent times, STARA (Smart Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms) has emerged as an all-inclusive technological framework that seems a promising benefactor for businesses to thrive through technological adoption. But business sustenance is not all about driving profits. As much as they need to be digitally ready, they are still very much human, with their existence depending on their underlying workforces. Numerous socio-cultural aspects, gender inequality being one of them, plague business sustainability. The following paper seeks to explore corporate socio-technological landscapes. It seeks to substantiate ways gender inequality can be tackled via conscious STARA adoption while holistically ushering the way for business sustainability and success. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
A Qualitative Enquiry of the Experience of Music Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic became a new normal in todays world and has changed the consumption pattern and absorption of music and music apps in India. The music industry is relatively non-telecommutable, making working from home difficult during the imposed lockdown and social distancing norms. These conditions had adverse effects on the physical and mental health of music professionals. Therefore, it was crucial to understand the differential impact of COVID-19 on music professionals to find effective solutions and plan for future careers in a changed music industry. Method: The current paper qualitatively explored the experiences of the music professionals participating in this research during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Twelve participants having 8 years of average professional experience (comprising singers, instrumentalists, music teachers, composers, YouTube content creators) were telephonically interviewed during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. The interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: The thematic content analysis resulted in the emergence of two major themes identified from the participants narratives were impact on participating music professionals and coping reactions. Conclusion: The themes emerged from analysis highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on these music professionals and the coping reactions utilized by them. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dr Uzaina, Dr Rajesh Verma with Dr Ruchi Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
The Employees Demographic Profile of Startups in India with Special Reference to Bangalore City: A Case Study
In the current scenario, startups play a pivotal role and exert a significant influence on the promotion of economic growth. Authorities perceive their substantial impact, considering factors such as job creation, economic development, and contributions to technological upgrading (Thornton and Assocham in Startups Indiaan overview, 2016; Jain in Int J Appl Res 2:152154, 2016; Sarangi in Why do most Indian startups fail? Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 2015). There has been a noteworthy effort to promote entrepreneurship through the establishment and support of various incubation centers. Despite the positive reception and development initiatives, the alarming startup failure rates in India persist due to various reasons. Available data indicates that 12 states in India have 1000 recognized startups each, with Karnataka being particularly well-recognized for progress and brand creation, especially in the city of Bangalore. In light of this, the study aims to identify the demographic profile of employees in startups in India, with a special focus on Bangalore city. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Indigenous Beliefs and Practices for Sustainability Among the Mao Nagas
The present society of Mao Nagas is sandwiched between trends to modernity and tendencies to be rooted in the cultural past. Prior to the arrival of Christianity, the Maos were considered animists; the sway of the one Supreme Being, and human relations with nature permeated the social, cultural, and spiritual realm. When the sky represented the father, and the earth, the mother; exploitation becomes inconsequential. Despite the odds of having limited ancestral land, the Maos have proven themselves self-sustainable within the place of habitation. The fact that there are no beggars among the Maos proves that certain aspects of the SDGs are ingrained in the beliefs. The Feast of Merit prevented extreme riches in society. With education, the Mao Nagas learned the harmful effects of shifting cultivation and abandoned its entirety. This paper tries to conceptually prove that if ancient beliefs and practices are tempered with scientific knowledge, life is sustainable. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage and Conversion
A large global commitment is necessary to scale up the deployment of renewable energy, engage in research and development, and implement energy-efficient practices. The development of large-scale energy storage technologies is crucial to fully harness renewable resources, ensure grid stability, and facilitate a more sustainable and reliable energy future. This becomes increasingly important as the demand for clean and renewable energy grows. Polymer nanocomposites have demonstrated considerable promise in energy storage and conversion. These nanocomposites can have better mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and electrochemical performance due to adding nanoparticles or nanofillers to polymer matrices. Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cansignificantly enhance the characteristics of polymers at extremely low filler loadings, they are the perfect filler for both structural and functional applications. An extensive review of current studies on the synthesis and modification of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with CNTs is given in this chapter. To promote this new subject, it also severely evaluates a number of applications pertaining to energy conversion and storage. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Novel magnetic nanocomposites and their environmental applications
Environmental contamination by numerous emerging pollutants including pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and pesticides residues is one of the greatest problems facing the world today. The release of these pollutants into the air, water, and soil causes serious threat to plants and animals. These contaminants enter the food chain through contaminated agricultural produce and animals, posing a threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods to detect, degrade, and remove toxic environmental pollutants. Recently, nanomaterials have been widely used in various applications as catalysts, sensors, and adsorbents due to their unique outstanding properties. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the recent application of magnetic nanoparticles and their respective nanocomposites as degradation catalysts, adsorbents, and electrochemical sensors for detection and removal of environmental pollutants. 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Democratising Intelligent Farming Solutions to Develop Sustainable Agricultural Practices
In this chapter, the transformative potential of democratising intelligent farming solutions is discussed, primarily in the context of the sustainable farming. Technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), global positioning systems (GPS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), computer vision, and artificial intelligence (AI) have redefined farming activities. Such advances have allowed decision-making and optimised resource utilisation to be driven by real-time data. The democratisation of AI tools are meant to make AI-driven agriculture accessible to all. As such, this chapter discusses the interplay of bottom-up and top-down approaches, highlighting their roles in promoting the accessibility of AI tools and their benefits to farmers. The integration of such AI tools would transform contemporary agriculture into agriculture 4.0. This revolution would be characterised by real-time data, predictive analytics, and precision farming techniques. Further, the integration of technology such as wireless networks and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) increases precision and the ability to monitor farming activities. The idea of democratising intelligent farming solutions is meant to herald agriculture 4.0, which would improve crop quality, climate resilience of crops, and the income of farmers. It would also improve broader macroeconomic aspects by promoting education and information and communication technology (ICT) skills and potentially reducing income inequality gap while promoting socio-economic well-being. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Sirisha Potluri, Suneeta Satpathy, Santi Swarup Basa, and Antonio Zuorro; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
AI for Optimization of Farming Resources and their Management
The chapter explores the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into framework strategies aimed at addressing the dynamic challenges confronting the agricultural industry. It focuses on issues like resource depletion, escalating labor costs, and the impacts of climate change, emphasizing the necessity for inventive solutions. The proposed framework adopts a comprehensive approach that integrates farm-to-fork strategies, smart agricultural practices, and advanced crop planning. Its primary objectives are to enhance crop yields, establish transparent supply chains, and optimize resource allocation. The chapter underscores the potential synergies associated with contextual understanding, efficient communication, and personalized user experiences, anticipating a transformative impact on agriculture. The integration of AI is anticipated to yield unprecedented benefits, paving the way for a more technologically advanced, sustainable, and productive future. Despite these promising prospects, challenges emerge during the integration process, manifesting as regulatory hurdles, infrastructure deficiencies, and inherent complexities. The chapter acknowledges these obstacles and asserts that overcoming them is crucial for realizing the full transformative potential of AI in agriculture. Looking ahead, the convergence of AI and framing strategies is poised to revolutionize the agricultural landscape, ushering in increased efficiency and sustainability. This innovative partnership holds the promise of building a resilient foundation for agriculture, ensuring its adaptability to changing needs and contributing to a greener and more productive future. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Sirisha Potluri, Suneeta Satpathy, Santi Swarup Basa, and Antonio Zuorro; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
Unveiling the Dynamics of Initial Public Offerings: A Comprehensive Review of IPO Pricing, Performance, and Market Trends
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) serve as pivotal moments in the financial markets, representing a company's transition from private to public ownership. The importance of IPOs lies in their capacity to raise substantial capital, facilitating business expansion and development. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in India spanning the period from 2018 to 2022, with a particular focus on their listing day performance. The study categorizes IPOs into various issue price ranges, revealing substantial variability in listing day returns across these categories. It underscores the importance of pricing strategy, emphasizing the need for companies to carefully assess their issue prices to align with market demand. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the varying levels of risk associated with IPO investments based on issue price ranges, advocating for diversification and thorough due diligence. In addition, the paper emphasizes the dynamic nature of IPO markets, influenced by factors beyond pricing, and encourages a balanced approach that considers both potential rewards and challenges. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders, guiding companies, investors, and analysts in making informed decisions in the dynamic world of IPOs. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Spiritual Dispositional Coping and Health Hardiness on Stress and Related Illnesses: Aftermath COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an array of challenges that have taken a significant toll on psychological well-being and health. Public fear-mongering, hopelessness, and uncertainty have contributed to many negative emotions during the pandemic. The psychological ramifications of these emotions include stress, anxiety, and depression. The extreme stress that people experienced caused mental conditions like post-pandemic stress disorder. Literature suggests there is also an increased susceptibility to stress-related chronic illness. Another major concern post-coronavirus contraction is long COVID (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or PASC), which further leads to complications impacting physical, cognitive, and mental health dimensions and multiple organ system syndromes. As a result of this predicament, there is an increased reliance on various complementary and alternative approaches and interventions for engaging in health-promoting behaviours. The chapter focuses on how spiritual dispositional coping and health hardiness can be used as health protective measures. It also focuses on various strategies that spiritual dispositional coping and health hardiness offer for overall well-being and better adaptation to post-pandemic complications. Therefore, this chapter aims to understand the pandemics stress-related health consequences, re-affirm the relationship between health hardiness and spiritual dispositions, and demonstrate how combining these strategies will provide effective coping methods. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dr Uzaina, Dr Rajesh Verma with Dr Ruchi Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Machine Learning and IoT in Smart Agriculture
Smart agriculture is becoming more necessary as food demands quickly rise in response to a growing global population. Additionally, agriculture serves as the primary source of income for almost 60% of India's people. Yet most of our farming practices are still archaic and out-of-date. The fast-expanding population may not be able to be fed using these methods. Smart agriculture uses cutting-edge technology, including Internet of Things (IoT), global positioning systems (GPS), machine learning, robots, and the use of linked gadgets. Smart agriculture could support an artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated agricultural system that gathers data about the agricultural area and then analyses it to help the farmer make the best decisions for producing high-quality crops. The field of AI, with its superior learning capability, is a critical method for tackling several difficulties related to agriculture. AI provides appealing computing and analytical techniques for the better integration of various information-gathering forms from various sources. This paper elaborates the innovative ways AI can be used in the field of Indian agriculture. The study also goes into detail on the impact of smart farming on agricultural research. The analysis demonstrates the range and impact of cutting-edge technology in Indian agriculture, including sensors for rainfall rate prediction, GPS, moisture and temperature sensors, and aerial satellite photos. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Sirisha Potluri, Suneeta Satpathy, Santi Swarup Basa, and Antonio Zuorro; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
A Critical Study: The Transactional Concept of Coping through Electronic Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: Numerous individuals worldwide experienced grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the imposed isolation and limited accessibility of external resources, media was used extensively as a coping mechanism in several forms. Purpose: In the fast-moving world with the emergence of technology, this chapter articulates the emerging trends of media and its impact. The study aims to explore how grief is handled and resolved with the help of electronic media. Methodology: The study reviews existing literature to explore media-related coping strategies by applying the Lazarus-Folkman transactional coping theory as a lens. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in media usage among individuals. Based on a review of existing research, media-based coping was used for a range of stressors, including isolation, misinformation and time wastage, work-life disruption, and personal loss. Media is a potential source of readily available, accessible, and effective coping. It can be harnessed to support the rising number of individuals whose mental health needs cannot be catered to by the limited number of qualified mental health professionals. Conclusion: Grief can be handled and resolved in different ways with the assistance of the media. The media can also be used to override the taboo that prevents individuals from seeking support to cope with their grief. Researchers and practising mental health professionals can explore the utility of media-based coping mechanisms and formulate plans to use them effectively. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dr Uzaina, Dr Rajesh Verma with Dr Ruchi Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
The Industrial Revolution From Mechanisation (1.0) to Smart Automation (5.0)
The Industrial Revolution was a transformative event of unprecedented magnitude, profoundly altering many facets of society, including consumption patterns, social structures, cultural norms, and global arrangements. Contrary to popular belief, there is not a one Industrial Revolution, but rather a sequence of stages characterised by gradual advancements. We are currently on the verge of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, which is expected to have a greater impact than the cumulative effect of the preceding four revolutions. Industry 5.0 is the latest term gaining popularity in the business sector, with significant claims to fundamentally transform our lifestyle. Industry 5.0 is expected to drive more progress in the field of intelligent automation within the manufacturing sector. This chapter specifically examines the transition of industry sector from version 1.0 to version 5.0. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Payal Bansal, Rajeev Kumar, Ashwani Kumar and Daniel D. Dasig, Jr.; individual chapters, the contributors. -
FloodWatch: Suggesting an IoT-Driven Flood Monitoring and Early Warning System for the Flood-Prone Cuddalore District in the Indian State of Tamilnadu
Floods continue to pose significant threats to communities worldwide, causing loss of life, property damage, and disruption of vital services. Timely and accurate flood monitoring and early warning systems play a critical role in mitigating these impacts. This chapter presents FloodWatch, an innovative IoT-based flood monitoring and early warning system designed to enhance community resilience and response capabilities for the Cuddalore district, classified as one of the multi-hazard-prone districts of Tamilnadu. The Cuddalore district has a coastal line of 68 km, hence it is vulnerable to cyclones, and heavy rainfall, in turn causing floods. FloodWatch leverages the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and provides real-time data collection, analysis, and dissemination for flood-related parameters. FloodWatch integrates a network of smart sensors strategically deployed in flood-prone areas, including rivers, streams, and urban drainage systems. These sensors continuously measure key variables, such as water level, rainfall intensity, weather conditions, and soil moisture content. The collected data is transmitted to a centralized cloud-based platform, where advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms are employed to process and analyze the information. FloodWatch utilizes historical data and predictive modeling to assess the risk of flooding and generate accurate early warnings. Through intuitive interfaces and mobile applications, relevant stakeholders, including local authorities, emergency responders, and residents, receive real-time alerts and notifications, enabling timely decision-making and appropriate response actions. Key features of FloodWatch include its scalability, adaptability, and user-friendliness. The system can be easily customized to cater to different geographical and environmental conditions, ensuring its applicability in diverse regions. Additionally, FloodWatchs intuitive interfaces provide actionable insights in a visually comprehensible manner, facilitating effective communication and community engagement. The implementation of FloodWatch offers several notable benefits, including improved flood preparedness, reduced response time, and enhanced disaster management. By equipping communities with the tools to monitor, predict, and respond to floods, FloodWatch contributes to minimizing the impact of flood-related disasters, ultimately fostering greater resilience and safeguarding lives and property. FloodWatch represents a significant advancement in flood monitoring and early warning systems, harnessing IoT technology to provide accurate and timely information to communities at risk. This chapter highlights the architecture, functionality, and advantages of FloodWatch, underscoring its potential to enhance resilience and contribute to more effective flood management strategies on a global scale. 2025 selection and editorial matter, A. Daniel, Srinivasan Sriramulu, N. Partheeban, and Santhosh Jayagopalan; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Harnessing Technology for a Sustainable Future in Finance: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Promoting Environmental Responsibility
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into sustainable finance has become a focal point in recent years, propelled by global concerns about the environment and the pressing need for sustainable development. AI technologies, equipped with advanced capabilities, offer significant opportunities to address challenges faced by financial institutions, investors, and policymakers, ushering in the prospect of a more sustainable and inclusive economy. AI's applications in sustainable finance cover diverse areas such as environmental risk assessment, green investment analysis, climate change modeling, and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. By leveraging advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms, AI empowers financial institutions to assess environmental risks associated with investments and portfolios, identifying climate-related opportunities and seamlessly integrating ESG factors into decision-making processes. Furthermore, AI-driven technologies streamline the collection, processing, and analysis of extensive data from varied sources, facilitating precise and timely sustainability reporting. These technologies contribute to identifying sustainable investment trends and play a crucial role in monitoring the progress of sustainability initiatives. AI algorithms also aid in crafting predictive models for climate-related events, assisting investors and policymakers in evaluating the long-term financial implications of climate change and formulating effective mitigation strategies. While the adoption of AI in sustainable finance offers immense potential, it is not without challenges and risks. Ethical considerations, data quality and biases, transparency, and the interpretability of AI models are among the key concerns that require careful attention. Additionally, the establishment of regulatory frameworks and industry standards is essential to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI technologies in finance. In spite of these challenges, the integration of AI in sustainable finance holds great promise for expediting the transition towards a greener and more sustainable future. It empowers stakeholders to make well-informed decisions, advocates for responsible investment practices, and contributes significantly to the attainment of global sustainability goals. By harnessing the capabilities of AI, financial institutions and policymakers can unlock new opportunities, mitigate risks, and cultivate a financial system that is not only sustainable but also resilient. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Strategic Data Analytics for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Data and analytics have become major assets for all organizations to leverage into superior strategic positions in this cut-throat competitive world with buzzwords like data crunch, metrics, and dark data. This chapter discusses the structural and economic reasons of why business analytics is necessary for organizations. The ability to collect different resources and entities such as talent, process, data, and information technology to bring out a valuable output is crucial for business analytics success. The most common difficulty of big data begins when organizations are in the journey of business analytics. Since a number of organizations are still in the baby steps of basic, tackling data challenges is humongous for them. This situation calls for the need to foster a business analytics ecosystem by every organization. This paper discusses how optimizing analytics could lead to a sustainable competitive advantage, building data strategy, and setting Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for business analytics. The chapter further explores how analytics is used across business domains and the challenges in crafting a business analytics strategy. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
The Intersectionality of Social Exclusion and International Comparison: Rethinking the Methodological Nuances
This chapter foregrounds the methodological considerations involved in a cross-national comparison of qualitative data on social exclusion and marginalization. Drawing on the possibilities of intersectional multilevel analysis in Indian and Swiss contexts, the chapter further discusses the nuances of juxtaposing these data. It follows attempts by a Swiss-Indian research team to study how marginalization involves multiple intersectionalities that operate simultaneously. It aims to capture the experiences of migrant workers in India and people without legal residency status in Switzerland during the COVID-19 lockdown, placing them against the cultural histories, social structures, and state interventions. Using intersectionality, the study explores how structures of exclusion operate at multiple levels of subjectivity and, through epistemic violence, naturalize social inequalities. The project attempts to identify how they are still being rendered invisible and their miseries normalized, invoking the impression that it is perpetual. Cross-border research becomes significant in the context of internationalization and globalization, and the chapter discusses the issues and the promises of such a comparison. Beyond the cultural boundaries and differences and the conceptual-methodological incongruities, we argue that the comparison can illuminate how power relations operate at multiple levels in different contexts, reproducing and normalizing discriminatory mechanisms. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024, corrected publication 2024. -
Climate, agriculture, and farmer's mental health: Unravelling the nexus in Wayanad, Kerala
A sizable majority of the population works in the primary sector in Kerala's Wayanad district, where agriculture is the backbone of the local economy. However, dynamic issues including climate change, fluctuating soil quality, crop diseases, and related economic consequences pose difficulties for this industry. The complicated linkages between agricultural practices and climate change are discussed using qualitative data from in-depth interviews with 15 Wayanad farmers. Agricultural productivity and revenue are strongly impacted by unpredictable rainfall, which is exacerbated by strong winds, natural disasters, wildlife intrusions, and crop diseases. The failure of farmers to adjust to these climate changes is a remarkable finding, frequently brought on by fear and unstable financial situations. This resistance causes anxiety, a sense of powerlessness, and a sense of responsibility for circumstances that are out of their control. In order to help farmers manage the unforeseeable effects of climate change, the study emphasizes the urgent need for policy initiatives in areas like Wayanad. Cooperative farming and knowledge-sharing platforms are examples of strategies that could improve farmers' psychological resilience and general well-being. Given that agriculture accounts for a substantial portion of the region's income and that resources and knowledge are scarce, climate change has a considerable impact on agricultural outputs and farmers' psychological well-being. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.