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Dirichlet Feature Embedding with Adaptive Long Short-Term Memory Model for Intrusion Detection System
Intrusion Detection System is applied in the network to monitor the network activity and detect the intruder to protect the user data. Various existing models have been applied in the intrusion detection system and have the limitations of high False Alarm Rate (FAR), overfitting problem and data imbalance problem. In this research, Dirichlet Feature Embedding based Adaptive Long Short Term Memory (DFE-LSTM) model is proposed to improve the efficiency of the intrusion detection. The Dirichlet Feature Embedding (DFE) method is applied to effectively represent the feature to analysis the multi-variate of the input data. The enhanced Adaptive Long Short Term Memory (ALSTM) model is applied to select the optimal parameter for the LSTM model to improve the learning rate. The proposed DFE-ALSTM model is compared to three datasets such as UNSW-NB15, NSL-KDD and Kyoto 2006+ for evaluate the efficiency. The proposed DFE-ALSTM model has the accuracy of 94.32 % and existing NB-SVM has 93.75 % accuracy in intrusion detection on UNSW-NB15 dataset. 2022, Success Culture Press. All rights reserved. -
Dirty Tracks Across the Border: Global Operations of Extraction, Labour and Migration at a Railway Station on the BiharNepal Border
This article is based on an ethnography of the railway siding at Raxaul Junction railway station, a town on the BiharNepal border, which finds itself at the intersection of a massive logistical exercise by China in the form of the Belt Road Initiative, counter-logistical apparatus building by India and incremental hardening of an otherwise open border by Nepal. The article will analyse in detail the intricate network of the labour market that operates at and through the railway siding. It will also trace the origins of commodities used in the cement factories in the industrial corridor of Nepal that are extracted from some of the most deprived regions of India at great human and social costs. Finally, I will describe some of the latest exercises in logistical operations such as containerisation, opening of a new land port, the Integrated Check Post in Raxaul and operationalisation of a new dedicated freight corridor from Vishakhapatnam port to Raxaul, which is reconfiguring the logistical arrangements away from Kolkata and Haldia port and their implications on labour and labour practices. The Raxaul railway siding will be, hence, studied on multiple scales: global, national and local. The article will also try to understand the transformation of this very peculiar border town located on a unique border. This transformation is creating new labour processes, migratory processes and networks, and new modes of production of workers subjectivities and resistance along the global logistical apparatus and supply chains. It will also open up the possibilities of thinking conceptually about South Asian Border Systems. 2024 South Asian University. -
Disaster resilience of flood in Kerala, India
Kerala, the southern state in the Indian peninsula, has been affected by floods for the last three consecutive years. Changing weather patterns leading to heavy monsoon and development without considering the ecological vulnerabilities of the region has been pointed out as the reasons for flooding. Displaced communities, the destruction of agricultural and industrial enterprises, and health concerns have made disaster management a challenge for communities and governments alike. Even though there were lots of difficulties, the way Keralites came out of all these miseries and their adaptation was really inexplicable and always provided scope for research in that area. This paper focuses on examining the flooding pattern and impact of floods in Kerala, India and assessing the resilience capacity of the affected community. Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather data from the flood-affected population in the most flood-affected districts in Kerala. To gauge the respondents' opinions, the questionnaire used a five-point variable Likert scale. When all was said and done, 260 valid questionnaires were successfully retrieved. The study found that communities show resilience to flood with partnership and decentralised management of disasters. The study could help recognise the strategies for building resilient communities through policy intervention and civil society participation. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Disclosure of University Social Responsibility A Review of Select Higher Educational Institutions
This paper explores the disclosure of university social responsibility by higher educational institutions. Based on the disclosure of information on institutional websites, 39 universities were selected for the study. The data, which was assessed on the criteria used by regulatory authorities for grading institutions, revealed that while 12 institutions performed above average in most of the criteria, 17 were in the medium range, and 10 performed below average. The study proposes that disclosure of social responsibility activities with adequate evidence from institutional websites can attract more viewers and prospective students. 2023 Tata Institute of Social Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Discontinuities in the trajectory of solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology development in India
The objective of this paper is to understand different phases of solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology in India and the interplay of scientific, technological, economic, and political factors in each of the phases. There are four distinct phases. In the first-phase (1947-1970), SPV technology was recognized as an important source of energy for countries like India. In the second phase (1971-1990), the oil crisis led to the formulation of new scientific and technological initiatives and programs in SPV, but due to a lack of political commitment the initiatives disintegrated. In the third phase (1991-2003), several factors seemed to have undermined the development of SPV sector. Currently in the fourth phase (2003 to the present), India has virtually lost the race for development of photovoltaic technology. Within the context of climate change and resource constraint, India has reformulated its strategy which has taken the form of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Plan (JNNSM).This paper examines how JNNSM influences indigenous attempts in photovoltaic technology development. The paper shows how scientific, technological, economic and political factors have contributed to discontinuities in the development of the technology. Koninklijke Brill Nv, Leiden 2015. -
DISCOURSE OF DISSENT: LANGUAGING RESISTANCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN SUBALTERN LITERATURES DALIT AND BLACK
The paper highlights the pivotal role of language in Afro-American and Dalit movements, emphasizing identity affirmation and resistance to dominant aesthetic structures. It examines languages dynamic role in shaping subaltern experiences and fuelling revolutionary movements. While there is some analysis of the significance of literary trends and intellectual current in these parallel movements, a few scholarly inquiriesintegratethelinguisticandstylisticaspectscomprehensively. Thestudyaddresses this critical gap by comparing and contrasting the selected study of these two movements to see their convergences and divergences. We employ the theoretical framework of Subaltern Studies and Distributed Language (DL) to understand socio-political motifs of pre- and post-production of a particular kind of language. The selected poems are closely read and analysed through Critical Discourse Analysis, with close reading as a key technique. It allows for an exploration of the intricate relationship between the linguistic structure, use of lexical items, emotive use of language, connotational significations, and compositional semantics. While selected Black literature poems experimented with internal morpho-syntax and everyday language, Dalit literature bluntly presented harsh facts using multilingualism, a unique Indian linguistic trait, and everyday vocabulary. Copyright 2024 Chandan Kumar, Nivea Thomas K. -
Discovering Consumer Behavior Towards Back-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review aims to examine the impact of back-of-pack (BOP) labels on food manufacturers' practices in the field of consumer behaviour research. The review comprehensively analyses a wide range of articles spanning over two decades to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. It focuses specifically on how BOP labels affect consumers, food manufacturers' behaviors and practices. The findings highlight that BOP labels conveying intuitive information effectively prompt product reformulation, particularly in reducing unhealthy nutrients such as sodium, sugar, and calories. Voluntary BOP labeling has limited uptake and is often applied to already healthier products. Consumers and food producers' response varies based on label design and enforcement type, suggesting strategic labeling of healthier choices. The review provides valuable insights for future public health research and policymaking efforts, emphasizing the importance of mandatory policies and specific guidance in BOP labels. This research brings novelty by comprehensively examining the impact of back-of-pack (BOP) labeling on consumers and food manufacturers' practices. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the differential effects of mandatory and voluntary BOP labeling approaches and offering insights into label design and enforcement types. As per the researcher knowledge there is no available systematic literature review (SLR) specifically focusing on BOP labeling in recent years. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of mandatory versus voluntary BOP labeling on consumer dietary habits and food manufacturers' product reformulation strategies. 2024 The Author(s). -
Discovering patterns of live birth occurrence before in vitro fertilisation treatment using association rule mining
According to estimates, in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) is credited for the delivery of over 9 million children globally, constituting it to be a highly remarkable as well as commercialised advanced healthcare treatment. Nonetheless, the majority of IVF treatments are now constrained by factors such as expense, access and most notably, labour-intensive, technically demanding processes carried out by qualified professionals. Advancement is thus crucial to maintaining the IVF markets rapid growth while also streamlining current procedures. This might also improve access, cost, and effectiveness while also managing therapeutic time efficiently and at a reasonable cost. IVF has become a renowned technique for addressing problems like endometriosis, poor embryo development, hereditary diseases of the parents, issues with the biological function, problems with counteracting agents that harm either eggs or sperm, the limited capacity of semen to penetrate cervical bodily fluid, and lower sperm count that lead to infertility in humans. Copyright 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Discovering patterns using feature selection techniques and correlation
Term Frequency and inverse document frequency is reported to have a significant contribution for various text categorization, document clustering and many other text mining related tasks. A collection of the applications and the enhancements of the Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency based document representation technique is examined in this work. The document representation algorithm is essential in the field of text - script mining. In this algorithm, unstructured data is converted into a vector space model where each related document is considered as a point in the vector space. Related documents come in proximity to the other related documents while the documents that are very far away from being coherent remain different from each other. In this paper, four feature selection techniques are implemented to discover the patterns from a repository of unstructured data by using correlation similarity measure. Analysis and comparison with other existing technique is also included. The validation of the patterns formed is performed by using silhouette values. Experiments are conducted to compare performance. Results indicate that TDMp1 performance is poor compared to others. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. -
Discovering the Micro-Clusters from a group of DHH learners: An approach using machine learning techniques
The e-learning environment is essentially helpful for improving the autonomous learning skills of the DHH learners. Facing numerous resources online, DHH learners need support to choose the right learning materials. This can be done by recommending suitable learning objects to similar types of learners. Hence, this research attempts to explore the possibilities of forming micro clusters from the group of DHH learners to improve the recommendation. As a result of k-means, three different micro clusters are formed. So, from the initial analysis, it is identified that the formation of micro clusters is possible, and features such as communication and learning ways play an important role in forming the well-defined micro clusters. This will definitely help the teachers in traditional classrooms and recommendation engines in e-learning to explore the micro clusters of learners with same learning patterns and communication preferences to appropriately stream the right pedagogical methods. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Discovery of 2716 hot emission-line stars from LAMOST DR5
We present a catalog of 3339 hot emission-line stars (ELSs) identified from 451 695 O, B and A type spectra, provided by LAMOST Data Release 5 (DR5). We developed an automated Python routine that identified 5437 spectra having a peak between 6561 and 6568 False detections and bad spectra were removed, leaving 4138 good emission-line spectra of 3339 unique ELSs. We re-estimated the spectral types of 3307 spectra as the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline (LASP) did not provide accurate spectral types for these emission-line spectra. As Herbig Ae/Be stars exhibit higher excess in near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths than classical Ae/Be stars, we relied on 2MASS and WISE photometry to distinguish them. Finally, we report 1089 classical Be, 233 classical Ae and 56 Herbig Ae/Be stars identified from LAMOST DR5. In addition, 928 B[em]/A[em] stars and 240 CAe/CBe potential candidates are identified. From our sample of 3339 hot ELSs, 2716 ELSs identified in this work do not have any record in the SIMBAD database and they can be considered as new detections. Identification of such a large homogeneous set of emission-line spectra will help the community study the emission phenomenon in detail without worrying about the inherent biases when compiling from various sources. 2021 National Astronomical Observatories, CAS and IOP Publishing Ltd.. -
Discovery of an M-type companion to the Herbig Ae Star V1787 Ori
The intermediate-mass Herbig Ae star V1787 Ori is a member of the L1641 star-forming region in the Orion A molecular cloud. We report the detection of an M-type companion to V1787 Ori at a projected separation of 6.66 arcsec (corresponding to 2577 au), from the analysis of VLT/NACO adaptive optics Ks-band image. Using astrometric data from Gaia DR2, we show that V1787 Ori A and B share similar distance (d ?387 pc) and proper motion, indicating that they are physically associated. We estimate the spectral type of V1787 Ori B to be M5 2 from colour-spectral type calibration tables and template matching using SpeX spectral library. By fitting PARSEC models in the Pan-STARRS colour-magnitude diagram, we find that V1787 Ori B has an age of 8.1$^{+1.7}_{-1.5}$ Myr and a mass of 0.39$^{+0.02}_{-0.05}$ M. We show that V1787 Ori is a pre-main-sequence wide binary system with a mass ratio of 0.23. Such a low-mass ratio system is rarely identified in Herbig Ae/Be binary systems. We conclude this work with a discussion on possible mechanisms for the formation of V1787 Ori wide binary system. 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Discovery of inverse-Compton X-ray emission and estimate of the volume-averaged magnetic field in a galaxy group
Observed in a significant fraction of clusters and groups of galaxies, diffuse radio synchrotron emission reveals the presence of relativistic electrons and magnetic fields permeating large scale systems of galaxies. Although, these non-thermal electrons are expected to upscatter cosmic microwave background photons up to hard X-ray energies, such inverse-Compton (IC) X-ray emission has so far not been unambiguously detected on cluster/group scales. Using deep, new proprietary XMM-Newton observations (?200 ks of clean exposure), we report a 4.6 ? detection of extended IC X-ray emission in MRC 0116 +111, an extraordinary group of galaxies at z = 0.131. Assuming a spectral slope derived from low frequency radio data, the detection remains robust to systematic uncertainties. Together with low frequency radio data from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), this detection provides an estimate for the volume-averaged magnetic field of (1.9 0.3) ?G within the central part of the group. This value can serve as an anchor for studies of magnetic fields in the largest gravitationally bound systems in the Universe. 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations in the persistent X-ray emission of accreting binary X-ray pulsar LMC X-4
We report the discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) pulsar LMC X-4 in its non-flaring (persistent) state using observations with XMM-Newton. In addition to the 74 mHz coherent pulsations, the persistent emission light curve shows a QPO feature in the frequency range of 20-30 mHz. Quasi-periodic flares have been previously observed from LMC X-4 in observations made with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). However, this is the first time QPOs have been observed in the persistent emission observations of LMC X-4. QPOs in X-ray binaries are generally thought to be related to the rotation of the inhomogeneous matter distribution in the inner accretion disc. In HMXBs such as LMC X-4 where the compact object is a neutron star with a high magnetic field, the radius of the inner accretion disc is determined by the mass accretion rate and the magnetic moment of the neutron star. In such systems, the QPO feature, along with the pulse period and X-ray luminosity measurement, helps us to constrain the magnetic field strength of the neutron star. We use considerations of magnetospheric accretion to have an approximate value of the magnetic field strength of the neutron star in LMC X-4. 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Discrete financial in sentimental analysis using exploring patterns and trends
In todays rapidly evolving financial environment, its crucial for investors and decision-makers to effectively analyze stakeholder communications to gain valuable insights. This research conducts a comprehensive evaluation of a range of models that utilize machine learning, such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), LR (Logistic Regression), Doc2vec, and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), to determine their efficacy in interpreting investors sentiments and predicting business assessments and trading dynamics. The justification for preferring deep neural architectures compared to conventional data analysis lies in the challenge of handling extensive amounts of diverse and unorganized data. Deep learning techniques have shown impressive capacity in automatically detecting complex characteristics and unveiling concealed patterns within written records, rendering them well-suited for sentiment analysis in financial dialogue. This research questions the notion that depending exclusively on data from a solitary origin leads to persistently effective investment moves. In fact, stakeholder communication is impacted by numerous influential elements, leading to diverse sentiments and sentiments. Through our comparative assessment, we aim to illuminate how various deep learning models can adeptly capture the intricate nuances of sentiment within fiscal messaging. 2024, Taru Publications. All rights reserved. -
Discrete Integrity Assuring Slice-Based Secured Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network (DIA-SSDAS)
In a wireless sensor network, data privacy with a minimum network bandwidth usage is addressed using homomorphic-based data aggregation schemes. Most of the schemes which ensure the end-to-end privacy provide collective integrity verification of aggregated data at the receiver end. The presence of corrupted values affects the integrity of the aggregated data and results in the rejection of the whole data by the base station (BS) thereby leading to the wastage of bandwidth and other resources of energy constraint wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a secured data aggregation scheme by slicing the data generated by each sensor node deployed in layered topology and enabling en route aggregation. Novel encoding of data and hash slices based on child order is proposed to enable concatenation-based additive aggregation and smooth extraction of slices from the aggregate by the BS. Elliptic curve-based homomorphic encryption is adopted to ensure end-to-end confidentiality. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed scheme is the first which facilitates the BS to perform node-wise integrity verification, filter out only the corrupted portion, and implement dynamic query over the received data. Communication- and computation-based performance analysis shows the efficiency of the proposed scheme for varied network sizes. The scheme can resist eavesdropping attack, node compromising attack, replay attack, malleability attack, selective dropping attack, and collusion attack. 2021 D. Vinodha and E. A. Mary Anita. -
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Discrimination and Coping of Old Settlers in Sikkim
The study was conducted to explore the existence and manifestation of discrimination in Sikkim. In the Indian context, race-based discrimination has been extensively studied from the point of view of the northeasterners residing in mainland India. An important reason for this is the differences in race, culture, language, and minority status of the northeasterners in mainland India. However, within the northeastern states all of the above mentioned aspects are reversed newlineand the minority is the mainland Indian community, race-based discrimination has not been studied. Sikkim was considered as the region for study as it is part of the sister states of the northeastern region and the Rajya Sabha Committee on Petitions has acknowledged that discrimination has been practiced in the state. An exploratory sequential mixed design was adopted for the newlinestudy. Eleven telephonic semi-structured interviews were conducted for the qualitative phase with members of the old settlers of Sikkim. A survey was conducted for the quantitative phase. Thematic analysis revealed two global theme, five organizing themes and 44 basic themes. Survey method revealed that 51% of old settlers felt discriminated daily in Sikkim. The results newlinerevealed that race based discrimination does exist in Sikkim with it being purported at newlineinstitutional and interpersonal levels. -
Discrimination between scheduled and non-scheduled groups in access to basic services in urban India
Access to basic services such as water, sanitation, and electricity is a key determinant of an individuals well-being. Nevertheless, access to these services is unequally distributed among different social groups in many countries. India is no exception, with the scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST) being one of the countrys most marginalised and disadvantaged groups. This paper analyses the disparities in access to basic services between scheduled and non-scheduled households, investigates the factors contributing to the unequal access, and suggests policy recommendations. Using data from the National Sample Survey 76th Round, we analyse the access to basic services such as durable housing, improved water and sanitation, and access to electricity. The papers objectives are (a) to investigate the factors impacting the quality of basic service delivery in urban India separately for scheduled and non-scheduled households and (b) to quantify the discrimination between scheduled and non-scheduled households in urban India concerning access to quality of basic services through computing a comprehensive index and by using the Fairlie decomposition approach. The analysis corroborates the finding that systemic discrimination exists between scheduled and non-scheduled households in urban India regarding access to good quality basic services up to an extent of 24%. 2024 The Authors. -
Discrimination Experiences of Old Settlers in Sikkim: A Qualitative Exploration
Race-based stigma and discrimination have been extensively studied from the perspective of the northeastern community due to their minority status in most states of India. Discrimination experiences of the mainland Indians in the northeastern states, where they are a minority, are little discussed. The Rajya Sabha (upper house of the parliament) Committee of Petitions in 2014 acknowledged that the old settlers were treated as second-class citizens in Sikkim. In the present study, we explored the existence and manifestation of discrimination experiences of old settlers who settled in Sikkim before 1975 and perceive themselves to be stigmatized. This study focused on Sikkim because the state merged with India in 1975 and has had less time integrating with migrants or mainlanders than other northeastern states. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with seven male and two female participants from the Marwari, Bihari, and Punjabi mainland communities. Using thematic analysis, we developed 1 global theme, 2 organizing themes, and 24 basic themes. The analysis showed the existence of discrimination and racism against old settlers and their manifestations at institutional and interpersonal levels. The findings are important from a policymaking perspective as they provide evidence to the conclusion reached by the Rajya Sabha Committee on Petitions and provide valued suggestions for reports on race-based discrimination in India. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India 2023.