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Mechanisms towards enhanced quality of experience (QoE) in fog computing environments
The Fog or Edge computing emerges as one of the important paradigms for setting up and sustaining smarter environments across industry verticals. Our everyday environments are being meticulously advanced and accentuated through a bevy of edge and digital technologies and tools in order to be situation-aware and sophisticated. On the other side, we have powerful Cloud environments contributing as the one-stop IT solutions not only for business automation but also for people empowerment. Compared to the number of prospective Cloud environments, the number of Fog environments is going to be quite large with the availability of billions of connected devices. The scope of Fog environments, which are being touted as the most crucial for empowering people and in their everyday activities, is bound to escalate in the days to unfurl. The immediate challenge for Fog environments is to drastically enhance the quality of experience (QoE) for users. Academic professors and industry professionals have come out with a number of solution approaches and algorithms. This chapter is being specially prepared and presented in this book to tell all about the role and responsibility of Fog computing environments, the unique use cases and the various challenges, etc. Furthermore, the significance of QoE is described in detail and how that requirement can be attained by smartly applying various proven and potential technologies. This chapter also aims to motivate the readers and researchers to dig deep into this new critical requirement to unearth pioneering solutions towards enhanced QoE. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. -
Synthesis, characterization, magnetic, thermal and electrochemical studies of Oxovanadium(IV) Complex of 2-thiophenecarba benzhydrazone
The hydrazone ligand obtained from 2-thiophene carboxaldehyde and benzhydrazide react with an equimolar mixture of vanadyl acetyl acetonate in methanol to yield oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarba benzhydrazone. The prepared compound shows effective solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile, DMF and DMSO. Molar conductivity data of oxovanadium( IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarba benzhydrazone revealed its nonelectrolytic behavior in DMF and DMSO. EPR spectra of 2-thiophenecarba benzhydrazonato oxovanadium(IV) was recorded in DMF at LNT and g and A values were calculated. The complex was proposed to be square pyramidal in geometry. Cyclic voltammograms of the complex in DMF were studied by changing the scan rates 50, 100, and 200 mV/s. ? E values of the complex showed the reversible criterion and ipc/ipa values which were close to 1 indicating the redox couple as reversible. Thermograms of the complex were recorded to find the weight loss at different temperature ranges. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra showed mass number of the molecular ions. 2018 River Publishers. -
In vitro production of bacosides from Bacopa monnieri
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae) is an important Ayurvedic medicinal herb commonly known as brahmi, growing in the region of Indian subcontinent. Bacosides are the major chemical component having the major role in the biological and pharmacological field. Bacopa cultivation is time-consuming, requires labor team, and needs great efforts to maintain the quality of bacosides as growths are affected by environmental factors such as soil, water, temperature, climate, pests, and pathogens. To solve these problems, organ and cell cultures have been adopted for swift and efficient production of Bacopa biomass and bacosides. In the current chapter, various parameters, such as types of media, media composition, elicitors, salinity, drought, types of vessels used, and effect of heavy metals, were investigated against the in vitro production of bacosides from Bacopa monnieri. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. -
Gut microbes: The miniscule laborers in the human body
Our physical and mental being largely depends on our dietary intake and the manipulations done on food by the gut bacterial flora in the digestive tract. Scientists have discovered a lot of previously unknown facts about the gut microbiota. They have been found to play a role in manifold processes, such as digestion, nutrient conversion, absorption, detoxification, and so on. In fact, people who consume plant-based and animal-based diets will have separate array of gut microbes. The composition of these microbiota will drastically change during a switch to a new diet. Deficiencies of adequate beneficial gut bacterial flora have been associated with many ailments. As there are billions of such microbes in our body, the number of bacterial genes could far outnumber the human genes in our body. The role of gut microbes in the proper functioning of the human digestive and nervous systems and its implications will be discussed in this chapter. 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Towards a culturally-informed counselling and psychotherapy
Indigenizing health psychological practices in the background of cultural diversity in India needs to address the tremendous resources of healing practices embedded in the Indian traditions. Looking for cultural imprints in mental health has received attention among academicians and researchers in the last two decades significantly. Teaching, training and practice of counseling and psychotherapy has also greatly been benefitted and progressed eventually. Several academic and research initiatives have been taken to build a culturally informed counseling and psychotherapy in India. There is need to internalize cultural differences and incorporating them consciously in the training and practice of therapy. A cultural sensitive approach in counseling and psychotherapy is mindful of the observance of a community-oriented perspective. Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2018. -
Synthesis of nanocarbon-polyaniline composite and investigation of its optical and electrical properties
The polyaniline-nanocarbon (PANI-NC) composite was synthesized by in situ polymerization of the aniline monomer (PBC-A&B) with reduced carbon from bituminous coal (RBC). The X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of the polyaniline-graphene oxide composite. The XRD result shows that the stacking height of the PBC-A increased due to the attachment of nitrogen group to the carbon lattice. The result of CHNS confirmed the increase in composition of nitrogen in PBC-A due to the treatment of RBC with aniline to form the polymer-nanocarbon composite. Optical analysis by UV absorption spectra revealed that the band gap is in the range of 3.29-4.27 eV. The AC conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric loss of the composite are measured within a frequency response of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. It is observed that one can tailor the band gap of the PANI-GO composite by varying the concentration of reduced carbon from coal. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Cultural quotient: Evolving culturally intelligent business scholar-practitioners
Analytical competency is an essential skill when it comes to the present-day business scenario of the world. However, these days we see a shift in the business needs when it comes to working in a globalized environment. Not only is the intelligence quotient (IQ) looked at but organizations these days are in pursuit of individuals who have another side to their profile - the culturally intelligent side (assessed using the cultural quotient). The need of such a skill can be attributed to the fact that organizations are now churning out their human side of addressing the employees when it comes to ensuring that they blend in the organization with ease. Acquiring a workforce which possesses high cultural intelligence can be a tough task; however, training employees to become culturally competent can be a doable task. Like any other personality trait which can be imbibed over time through constant analysis and observation, cultural competency is one such area which may be cultivated through various methodologies and practices. 2018, IGI Global. -
Feature films as pedagogy in higher education: A case study of Christ University, Bengaluru
Contemporary education system in India was initiated by the British for the maintenance of their imperial administration. After India became an independent country, conscious efforts were made to overhaul the educational system to produce proper administrators and contributors for Indian polity, economy and culture. To assess dynamics of Indian education, various committees and commissions were formed. It also meant change in education programs, curricula and syllabi to meet national needs and global challenges. Most universities in India have limited infrastructure, thus the role of private or deemed to be university becomes crucial. Christ University attending to the social structure, internationalization and employability demands, offers a number of quality educational programs to ensure employable graduates. This has led the way in devising pedagogy and curricula to align with the global higher education practices. Here we discuss the use of commercial feature film as a pedagogical tool in the classrooms within the Deanery of Humanities and Social Sciences and its implication. 2018, IGI Global. -
Child friendly schools: Challenges and issues in creating a positive and protective school environment
Schools are considered to be one of the safest places where children are seen on a daily basis and are under the supervision of teachers who are trained and equipped caregivers. Children are victims of all forms of abuse, punishment, neglect, discrimination, and ill-treatment within the school setting. Though there are various policies and programmes at international and national levels, addressing child protection has been a serious challenge for every community. Children need to be protected and any acts that hamper their well-being and safety need to be curbed. The objective of this chapter is to critically evaluate school-based child-protection programmes and suggest a model of child protection through positive schooling. Positive schooling is an approach to create a healthier and safer school environment. Positive schooling emphasises inclusiveness, strength-based education, developing character strengths, creating least restrictive environments, and fostering well-being among the school community, including students and teachers. It aims at creating a positive culture where every learner gets equal opportunities to learn and develop. It gives value to overall well-being of the individual and happiness within the learning environment. It promotes positive teaching strategies without the use of punishment and pressure. The positive culture within the school environment would promote peer support and collaboration, preventing bullying and abuse. Learners and facilitators would respect and support each other, focusing on strengths rather than weakness, which would, in turn, create an inclusive environment accommodating everyone. The chapter also highlights the need for: trained professionals, like counsellors, in school settings; stronger school-based polices; and the need for collaboration among school administrators, counsellors, teachers, and parents. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. -
Medical image classification using MRI: An investigation
The main objective of the paper is to review the performance of various machine learning classification technique currently used for magnetic resonance imaging. The prerequisite for the best classification technique is the main drive for the paper. In magnetic resonance imaging, detection of various diseases might be simple but the physicians need quantification for further treatment. So, the machine learning along with digital image processing aids for the diagnosis of the diseases and synergizes between the computer and the radiologist. The review of machine learning classification based on the support vector machine, discrete wavelet transform, artificial neural network, and principal component analysis reveals that discrete wavelet transform combined with other highly used method like PCA, ANN, etc., will bring high accuracy rate of 100%. The hybrid technique provides the second opinion to the radiologist on taking the decision. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. -
Big Data Analytics: A Trading Strategy of NSE Stocks Using Bollinger Bands Analysis
The availability of huge distributed computing power using frameworks like Hadoop and Spark has facilitated algorithmic trading employing technical analysis of Big Data. We used the conventional Bollinger Bands set at two standard deviations based on a band of moving average over 20 minute-by-minute price values. The Nifty 50, a portfolio of blue chip companies, is a stock index of National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India reflecting the overall market sentiment. In this work, we analyze the intraday trading strategy employing the concept of Bollinger Bands to identify stocks that generates maximum profit. We have also examined the profits generated over one trading year. The tick-by-tick stock market data has been sourced from the NSE and was purchased by Amrita School of Business. The tick-by-tick data being typically Big Data was converted to a minute data on a distributed Spark platform prior to the analysis. 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Big Data Preprocessing for Modern World: Opportunities and Challenges
Big data is an often misunderstood business term in the modern world. Multiple devices are connected to the internet and a democratization of available technologies. The data is generated almost exponential rate. This data is generated in large quantities, at a high speed and belongs to myriad categories. Coupled with advances in storage and processing hardware, it can derive insights from these bigger number of data but it works effectively. The data is to be transformed in the form of understandable and useable insights by algorithms and models. The data mining steps require data that is cleaned and structured to a larger extent. This is achieved by using various algorithms, processes and applications known as data pre-processing techniques. This article reviews the various data pre-processing techniques from a big data point of view. 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
A meta-heuristic based hybrid predictive model for sensor network data
Many prediction algorithms and techniques are used in data mining to predict the outcome of the response variable with respect to the values of input variables. However from literature, it is confirmed that a hybrid approach is always better in performance than a single algorithm. This is because the hybridization leads to combine all the advantages of the individual approaches, leading to the production of more effective and much improved results. Thus, making the model a productive one, which is far better than model proposed using individual techniques or algorithms. The purpose behind this chapter is to provide information to the users on how to build and investigate a hybrid Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) using nature inspired meta heuristic algorithms such as the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Binary Bat Algorithm (BBAT), and hybrid BBATGSA algorithm for the prediction of sensor network data. Here, FNN is trained using a hybrid BBATGSA algorithm for predicting temperature data in sensor network. The data is collected using 54 sensors in a controlled environment of Intel Berkeley Research lab. The developed predictive model is evaluated by comparing it with existing two meta heuristic models such as FNNGSA and FNNBBAT. Each model is tested with three different V-shaped transfer functions. The experimental results and comparative study reveal that the developed FNNBBATGSA shows best performance in terms of accuracy. The FNNBBATGSA under three different V-shaped transfer functions produced an accuracy of 91.1, 98.5, and 91.2%. 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Nature inspired algorithm approach for the development of an energy aware model for sensor network
The unique and strong characteristics of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have paved a way to many real time applications. Nevertheless, the WSN has their own set of challenges likewise data redundancy, resource constraints, security, packet errors and variable-link capacity etc. Among all, management of energy resource is of high importance as the efficient energy mechanism increases the lifespan of the network. Thereby providing good Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by the application. In WSN even though the energy is required for data acquisition (sensing), processing and communication, more energy are consumed during communication where transmission and retransmission of packets are quite often. In WSN data is transmitted from source to destination where at the destination site the data are analyzed using appropriate data mining techniques to convert data into useful information, and knowledge is extracted from that information to aid the user in efficient decision making. The transmission of data can be either through a single hop or via multiple hops. In single hop, a node is just a router where as in multi hop the node acts as both data originator and router. Thus, consuming more amount of energy and in a multi hop if any of the nodes fails it leads to many large retransmissions thus making a system highly susceptible for energy consumption. Many researchers have dedicated and devoted their time, energy and resources in order to come up with better solutions to answer this problem. This chapter is one such effort to provide a better solution to reduce the energy consumption of sensors. Here, the beauty of DBSCAN clustering technique has been fully exploited in order to develop a spatiotemporal relational model of sensor nodes, followed by the selection of representative subset using measure trend strategy and finally meeting the criteria for identifying the best optimal path for transmission of data using few nature inspired algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Bees Colony Optimization (BCO), and Simulated Annealing (SA). 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
A study on smart device application platform
Cloud Computing is considered to be one of the hottest research areas as it provides an approach through which the data is stored and accessed over the Internet in a virtual environment. The main idea to adapt this technology is that it shares the available resources rather than having separate local servers. This technology plays a crucial role in the healthcare sector as the healthcare industries believe that by incorporating cloud services within the healthcare sector it could provide quality services to the patients. Many industrial specialists suggest ways of converting the huge amount of data collected from the healthcare into meaning information and later sharing this valuable information to the user at the right time. The smart device is an electronic rig that is efficient to answer, sympathize and interact mutually with its users and other smart devices, one of the upcoming smart devices are smart shirts. Smart shirts allow the user to share information like Facebook or LinkedIn profile details. This paper focuses on providing wearable devices to the user in order to have monitored over his/her health. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 -
New bounds of induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition number of a graph
An induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition (IAGD) of a graph G is a collection ? of nontrivial induced paths in G such that every edge of G lies in exactly one path of ? and no two paths in ? have a common internal vertex. The minimum cardinality of an IAGD of G is called the induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition number denoted by ? ia (G). In this paper we present bounds for ? ia (G) in terms of cut vertices and simplicial vertices of G. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. -
Sexual realism?: (Hetero)sexual excess and the birth of obscenity in malayalam literature
Introduction The 1930s and 1940s were a period when the reform-centric language of Malayalam literature came under blistering attack from a group of authors who initiated a movement called Jeevatsahithyam - meaning literature close to life. This signified a new momentum in the career of modern Malayalam literature in Keralam in the southern part of India with social realism being introduced as a mode of challenging erstwhile trends. Jeevatsahithyam heralded a novel attempt to eliminate the distance between literature and social realities. Its authors deliberately opposed the hegemony of reform language in literature - a product of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century reform movement. According to them, the language of the reform movement which continued to dominate Malayalam literature was clearly embedded in a vicious circuit consisting of caste, class, and morality. This, as it was commonly argued, was a stumbling block in the realistic representation of social realities in the realm of literature. Jeevatsahithyam was renamed in 1944 as Purogamana Sahithya Sangham (Progressive Literature Society - from here on PLS) (Chandrasekharan 1999; Kumaramkandath 2013). Openly declaring itself against the established morals operating then, its ideological base, however, had to be justified by incorporating the term progress (purogamanam) in its title. Thus, in a larger sense, it signified progressive realism rather than simply social realism. This chapter attempts to delve inside the debates around social realism in Malayalam literature where an ideological battle was staged in the regional public sphere around the questions of, broadly put, aesthetics and morality. It maps the discursive sequences of textual practices from the 1940s to the early 1970s when the depiction of desire in literature was a point of heated debates. I concentrate more on the early debates, particularly in the 1940s and early 1950s because they literally mediated between the rising social (progressive) realisms transgressive writings and the erstwhile reform concerns of engendering disciplined subjects (Devika 2007). As a cultural era, the mid-twentieth century was deeply embedded in the old reform discourses of sexual discipline and the postcolonial euphoria of political freedom. The ensuing concerns over building the nation had a profound impact on the patterns of imagining the sexual in literature. Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla 2020. -
Inorganic Nanoparticles in Cosmetics
Inorganic nanomaterials of different chemical compositions and morphologies have been applied in cosmetic products due to their size- and shape-dependent properties which can improve the performance of the products. This chapter discusses the application of inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetic products with an emphasis on the characteristic features of nanoparticles suitable for cosmetic applications. In particular, applications of inorganic nanoparticles as UV filters and antimicrobial materials are discussed in detail with a basic overview of the fundamental scientific basis related to these applications. Types of nanoparticles used in commercial cosmetic products are enlisted, reflecting the range of applications and property modifications. Applications of inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetic formulations as active components and nanocarriers are also discussed along with relevant examples. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. -
Connectivity between India and Sri Lanka: A model for South Asia
India-Sri Lanka bilateral ties pervade in almost all areas despite various ups and downs. In the age of globalization, connectivity is crucial in maintaining and enhancing relations. Realizing this, India and Sri Lanka have invested in connectivity in four broad areas: physical, cultural, information and communication technology (ICT), and economic. Physical connectivity presently exists through air and sea; given the proximity, land connectivity would benefit the common man on both sides. Cultural connections go back centuries and have received an institutional framework of late. ICT linkage is emerging but highly promising in terms of public-private involvement. With components of trade and investments, economic connectivity faces tough competition from extra-regional powers like China. On the way forward, challenges abound and require patience and maturity in policy making and its implementation in both countries. 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Recommendation Framework for Diet and Exercise Based on Clinical Data: A Systematic Review
Nowadays, diet and exercise recommender frameworks have gaining expanding consideration because of their importance for living healthy lifestyle. Due of the expanded utilization of the web, people obtain the applicable wellbeing data with respect to their medicinal problem and available medications. Since diseases have a strong relationship with food and exercise, it is especially essential for the patients to focus on adopting good food habits and normal exercise routine. Most existing systems on the diet concentrate on proposals that recommend legitimate food items by considering their food choices or medical issues. These frameworks provide functionalities to monitor nutritional requirement and additionally suggest the clients to change their eating conduct in an interactive way. We present a review of diet and physical activity recommendation frameworks for people suffering from specific diseases in this paper. We demonstrate the advancement made towards recommendation frameworks helping clients to find customized, complex medical facilities or make them available some preventive services measures. We recognize few challenges for diet and exercise recommendation frameworks which are required to be addressed in sensitive areas like health care. 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.