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Easy and swift cane juicer with augmented bassage brick maker /
Patent Number: 202121042785, Applicant: Thomas K T.
Sugarcane being one of the largest agriculture-based industry in India, provides subsistence to a huge number of farmers whose life is completely dependent upon sugarcane cultivation and its related products. One major source of income is extraction of Juice from sugarcane by road side vendors and farmers through a traditional machinery which turns out to be old and tedious job to perform. This also results into increased waiting time for customers as the task requires repetition of similar activity of by vendors in order to extract satisfactorily amount of juice from sugarcane by obsolescence machinery. -
Easy open: The tooth paste dispenser bottle /
Patent Number: 202241057163, Applicant: Elizabeth Susan John.
Previously, the majority of skin-applied treatments and goods based on food pulp were marketed in jars or tubes. Later, more items were kept in user-friendly and specialised containers; one of the most popular ones being the dispenser bottle type. Dispensing bottles are incredibly well-liked in the present market. Several items have been offered for sale in the market on dispenser types, particularly sanitizers gel, creams, shampoos, etc. However, even modern dispensers are unable to dispense all of the contents inside due to their design features and structural profile. -
Ebcqi: Enhanced bcqi downlink scheduling algorithm for voip in mobile networks
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a currently growing technology. It gives high speed data with several useful applications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is one of the top most applications in that LTE. Scheduling is the main issue in LTE. This paper proposing an updating version of Best Channel Quality Indicator (BCQI) downlink scheduling algorithm. The proposed algorithm assigns the highest priority to VoIP users followed by video traffic and then other remaining traffics in next priority order. The simulation reports give the better results of increased average throughput in all users, as well as the spectral efficiency development is also increased. Here, in the proposed algorithm, the percentage of packet loss is also consistent with the existing BCQI algorithm. And, it totally emits positive results in both rural and urban area environments with different mobility. Number of user access is also high when compared with BCQI algorithm. IJSTR 2019. -
EC(H) onarrating stories: Ecological thought and metanarrativity in folktales
This paper studies the ecological discourse constructed in folktales, looking at the relationship between folktales and the human-nature-culture paradigm. By closely examining select folktales collected by folklorist A. K. Ramanujan, this paper looks at the metanarrativity of tales and argues from a narratological perspective that folktales deploy nature metaphors to establish a close relationship between nature, women and culture. This, it is argued, is made possible only in the conservation of stories for, in conserving a story, the message of conserving cultures and their artefacts (an ecological metaphor) is spread. The story is conserved; however, not in hoarding it but quite contrarily in transmitting and letting it go. The paper also critically examines how female subjects, through the use of nature metaphors and symbols of fertility and femininity speak of their consciousness in these 'woman-centred tales' in a space characterized by the absence of the Phallic Other but inevitably speak the patriarchal language of feminine inscriptions. Using folkloric research of A. K. Ramanujan as well as ecocritical frameworks, this paper looks at the narratological dimensions of folklore to understand metanarration as a crucial aspect of folklore and ecological conservation. Therefore the lessons of conservation lie not only in the content of the folktales but also in their very telling. The ecological aspects in and of the tale must necessarily be echoed multiple times to enable the tale's transmission, and in effect, their conservation. 2014 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram, Bangalore). -
Ecc-based secure group communication in energy-efficient unequal clustered wsn (Eeuc-ecc)
With an advent of the Internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gaining popularity in application areas like smart cities, body area sensor networks, industrial process control, and habitat and environment monitoring. Since these networks are exposed to various attacks like node compromise attack, DoS attacks, etc., the need for secured communication is evident. We present an updated survey on various secure group communication (SGC) schemes and evaluate their performance in terms of space and computational complexity. We also propose a novel technique for secure and scalable group communication that performs better compared with existing approaches. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. -
Eccentric completion of a graph
The eccentric graph Ge of a graph G is a derived graph with the vertex set same as that of G and two vertices in Ge are adjacent if one of them is the eccentric vertex of the other. In this paper, the concepts of iterated eccentric graphs and eccentric completion of a graph are introduced and discussed. 2022 The authors. -
Eccentric Graph of Join of Graphs
The eccentric graph Ge corresponding to a graph G is a derived graph with the same vertex set of G and two vertices in Ge are neighbours if one of them is the eccentric vertex of the other. Motivated by the studies on derived graphs and graph operations, in this article, the eccentric graph of the join of two graphs is analysed based on the variations in the radius. The notion of eccentric join of two graphs with at least one of them having radius 1, is introduced. The eccentric graph of eccentric join of graphs is also examined. Finally, the concept of r-eccentric join of graphs is also introduced. This study is analytical in nature, which involves deductive and logical reasoning. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Eccentricity splitting graph of a graph
Let G = (V, E) be any connected graph with (Figure presented.) for all uj, uk ? Si if e(uj) = e(uk)(1 ? i ? t) with each | Si |? 2 and (Figure presented.). The eccentricity splitting graph of a graph denoted by ES(G) is obtained by taking a copy of G and adding vertices w 1, w 2, , wt such that wi is adjacent only to the vertices of Si for 1 ? i ? t. We initiate the study on eccentricity splitting graph ES(G) and examine its structural properties. We also analyze diameter, girth and chromatic number of eccentricity splitting graphs of certain classes of graphs. 2021 Taru Publications. -
Ecclesiology, piety, and presbyterian and independent polemics during the early years of the english revolution
Religious controversy swept across England during the revolutionary decades of the 1640s and 1650s. Historians have studied the attendant ecclesiological debates meticulously. The piety as practiced by the puritans has also been carefully examined. Yet generally, these two subjects of ecclesiology and piety have been kept as separate compartments of analysis. The plethora of tracts that rolled off the press during the initial years of the 1640s, nevertheless, shows that many contemporary polemicists were keen to tie the two themes together. The Presbyterian and Independent polemicists were no exception. As this article seeks to demonstrate, a common feature of their publications was the belief that their preferred ecclesiastical polity best served the purpose of promoting individual piety and creating a godly society. Thus the Presbyterian and Independent conflict waged not only over issues of ecclesiology proper such as categories of church offices and of governing councils or composition of church membership to which historians have directed their attention hitherto, but also over questions of how ecclesiology affected piety. Such conflict was a reflection of the commitment of Presbyterians and Independents to their respective vision of reformation for the country. More broadly, this article shows a facet of religious controversy that ultimately led to the disintegration of the godly community and weakened the base of support for the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. American Society of Church History 2015. -
Echo mapping of active galactic nuclei
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are the persistent high luminosity sources powered by accretion of matter onto super massive black holes (SMBHs) at their centres. They are known to show flux variation and this property can be used as an effective tool to map the extent of the broad line region (BLR) and the dusty torus that surrounds the central SMBH. Though the mass of the SMBH (MBH) can be directly measured using the dynamics
of stars that are close to the SMBH, this method is limited to objects in the low redshift Universe (z < 0.1). On the other hand, the technique of reverberation mapping (RM) can provide MBH estimate over a range of redshifts. RM is based on the light travel time delayed response of the line emitting gas as well as the re-processed torus emission to changes in the continuum emission from the accretion disk. As of now, MBH measurements are available for more than 100 sources based on RM. The obtained
BLR sizes (RBLR) are found to be correlated with the optical luminosity (L5100) at wavelength 5100 Å. This relationship is obtained based on measurements of AGN available over a limited range of luminosity. Moreover, many of these measurements also have larger error bars. Therefore, there
is an urgent need to increase RM measurements with small errors on more AGN covering a wide range of redshifts to better constrain the RBLR − L5100 relation. -
Echo mapping of active galacticn nuclei
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are the persistent high luminosity sources powered by accretion of matter onto super massive black holes (SMBHs) at their centres. They are known to show flux variation and this property can be used as an effective tool to map the extent of the broad line region (BLR) and the dusty torus that surrounds the central SMBH. Though the mass of the SMBH (MBH) can be directly measured using the dynamics of stars that are close to the SMBH, this method is limited to objects in the low redshift Universe (z < 0.1). On the other hand, the technique of reverberation mapping (RM) can provide MBH estimate over a range of redshifts. RM is based on the light travel time delayed response of the line emitting gas as well as the re-processed torus emission to changes in the continuum emission from the accretion disk. As of now, MBH measure-ments are available for more than 100 sources based on RM. The obtained BLR sizes (RBLR) are found to be correlated with the optical luminosity (L5100) at wavelength 5100 This relationship is obtained based on mea-surements of AGN available over a limited range of luminosity. Moreover, many of these measurements also have larger error bars. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase RM measurements with small errors on more AGN covering a wide range of redshifts to better constrain the RBLR ? L5100 relation. We have carried out photometric reverberation observa- tions on the AGN Mrk 590. Using both broad band (that overlaps with the continuum) and narrow band (that overlaps with the H? emission line) observations, we found the BLR size to be 21.44+1.49 ?2.11 days, which is equiv- alent to 0.018+0.001 ?0.002 pc. Using this measured BLR size and the full width at half maximum of the H? line measured from the newly acquired Subaru spectrum we found a black hole mass of 1.96+0.15 ?0.21 108 M , using virial relationship and adopting a scale factor of 1.12. Similar to BLR reverberation mapping, the extent of the dusty torus in AGN can also be measured using dust reverberation mapping (DRM) based on the delayed response of the near infrared (NIR) flux from the torus to the ionizing UV/optical continuum coming from the accretion disk. From these observations too, a strong correlation is known to exist between the torus size (Rdust) and the optical luminosity (LV). Based on the Rdust ?LV relation, it is also possible to use AGN as standard candle to con- strain the Hubble constant (H0) and other cosmological parameters. But for that, a large number of DRM observations are needed at different red- shifts. As of today, very few NIR interferometric observations are avail-able, but measurements of the torus size via such direct imaging observa-tions are again limited to very near and bright AGN. Moreover, there is a large discrepancy in the size of the torus obtained via the direct imaging method through interferometry and that obtained from DRM. From long term monitoring in the optical and infra-red, we found the inner edge of the dust torus in H0507+164 and Z229?15 to lie at a distance of 0.029+0.010 ?0.008 pc and 0.017+0.005 ?0.005 pc, respectively, from the central optical continuum source. These two new measurements are also found to lie closely on the known Rdust ? LV relation line. Also, by modeling the available BLR RM data in the literature, it is possible to constrain the size, structure and kinemat-ics of the BLR using Bayesian approach. This approach is adopted several times to study the BLR morphology by different ways but is not applied to a large number of sources in an homogeneous manner. From an analysis of the RM data for a total of 57 sources following a Bayesian approach, we could constrain the structure of the BLR in them as well as derive other properties of BLR. -
Echoes of Conflict: Unveiling the Interconnected Tapestry of Russia-Ukraine Warfare, Oil Price Ballet, and the Asian Stock Symphony
The purpose of this research is to look into the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the relationship between oil prices and the Asian stock market. While earlier studies have investigated the impact of oil prices on stock markets, there has been little research into the impact of crude oil prices on the Asian stock market in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. For this purpose, the data is collected from NSE and Bloomberg database the study's findings imply that the Russia-Ukraine war has had a major impact on the relationship between crude oil prices and stock market indices in numerous Asia-Pacific countries. The study suffers from a few limitations such as it only examines the relationship between crude oil prices and stock market indices but there are other macroeconomic factors, such as interest rates, inflation, and political instabil ity which also affect the market. 2024, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved. -
Eco Friendly Nitration of Toluene using Modified Zirconia
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Vol. 7, No.3, pp.205-214 ISSN No. 1978-2993 -
Eco friendly nitration of toluene using modified zirconia
Nitration of toluene has been studied in the liquid phase over a series of modified zirconia catalysts. Zirconia, zirconia- ceria (Zr0.98Ce0.02)O2, sulfated zirconia and sulfated zirconia- ceria were synthesised by co precipitation method and were characterised by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, Infra red spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X ray analysis (EDAX). The acidity of the prepared catalysts was determined by FTIR pyridine adsorption study. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the catalysts prepared mainly consist of tetragonal phase with the crystallite size in the nano range and the tetragonal phase of zirconia is stabilized by the addition of ceria. The modified zirconia samples have higher surface area and exhibits uniform pore size distribution aggregated by zirconia nanoparticles. The onset of sulfate decomposition was observed around 723 K for sulfated samples. The catalytic performance was determined for the liquid phase nitration of toluene to ortho-, meta- and para- nitro toluene. The effect of reaction temperature, concentration of nitric acid, catalyst reusability and reaction time was also investigated. 2013 BCREC UNDIP. -
Eco-conscious photocatalytic degradation of organic textile dyes using green synthesized silver nanoparticles: a safe and green approach toward sustainability
Green synthesized nanoparticles from Strobilanthes barbatus leaf extracts are environmentally safe and feasible for enduring wastewater treatment, especially for organic textile dye degradation. The synthesized Strobilanthes barbatusmediated silver/silver-oxide nanoparticles (SB-Ag/AgO NPs) showed maximum absorbance at 428nm. The SB-Ag/AgO NPs were generally spherical with an average diameter of 37.59nm (FESEM and TEM analysis). The importance of functional groups in the production of SB-Ag/AgO NPs was recorded by FTIR investigations. In the degradation and rate of degradation for textile dyes, after 320min, SB-Ag/AgO NPs displayed 96.60% (5.31 10?1 L mg?1min?1) and 87.50% (1.179 10?1 L mg?1min?1) degradation of Reactive Blue 220 (RB-220) and Reactive Blue 222A (RB-222A), respectively. When compared to dye effluents, SB-Ag/AgO NPs-treated dye solutions revealed a considerable decrease in inhibitory efficiency during phytotoxicity evaluation on test organisms, Vigna radiata and Artemia salina. The biosynthesized SB-Ag/AgO NPs could serve as a feasible photocatalyst for the treatment of organic textile dyes in organic substancepolluted water ecosystems. SB-Ag/AgO NPs can serve as efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly sources for dye degradation. The current research offers a safe and environmentally friendly strategy for sustaining the environment. 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Eco-Conscious Silver Nanoparticles via Quassia indica: Characterization and Multifaceted Applications
This research work explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Quassia indica (QI-Ag NPs), a natural plant extract, as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesized QI-Ag NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The UV-Visible analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 430 nm, indicating the successful formation of AgNPs. XRD analysis unveiled the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, with four distinctive peaks corresponding to the silver crystallographic planes. SEM and EDX provided insights into the morphology and chemical composition of the QI-AgNPs. Moreover, TEM and SAED elucidated the structural attributes and crystallinity of the nanoparticles. The Ag NPs exhibited a spherical structure and crystalline nature, as supported by both SAED and XRD findings. The zeta potential of QI-Ag NPs exhibited a value of-24.2 mV. The synthesized QI-Ag NPs were evaluated for their photocatalytic potential, demonstrating a remarkable 97% degradation of Crystal Violet dye. Furthermore, comprehensive studies encompassing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assessments were conducted, showcasing the multifaceted applications of these nanoparticles. This research underscores the promising potential of Q. indica-mediated silver nanoparticles as environmentally benign and versatile nanomaterials. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Eco-friendly innovations in food packaging: A sustainable revolution
Packaging is crucial in ensuring the quality and safety of food, protecting it from various contaminants, and extending its shelf life. Materials used for packaging food must be economical, durable, and possess good barrier properties. One of the major challenges faced by the food industry is developing an eco-friendly, economical, and sustainable packaging system. The conventional materials, which majorly depend on petroleum-derived polymers, are associated with several significant problems, such as environmental pollution, depletion of resources, generation of single-use wastes, leakage of chemicals into food products, limited recycling, and so on. As the food sector focuses on reducing its environmental impact, by encouraging revolutionary changes for an effective sustainable food packaging approach. The core objective of industrial packaging was to innovate a biodegradable material, especially derived from renewable biomass resources as eco-friendly alternatives in the food industry. One of the significant trends involves production of bioplastics, which are derived from renewable polymers such as corn starch, sugarcane, or algae. These materials offer a viable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, as they are often compostable or biodegradable. The development of advanced bioplastics with improved barrier properties and durability is gaining traction, addressing environmental and health concerns and functionalizing a packaging material. The present review discusses the limitations of conventional packaging materials used in the food industry and focuses on the various polymers derived from natural sources, their physio-chemical properties, and their potential application as a sustainable material that reduce carbon emission, and enhance preservation of food and ensure food safety. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Eco-friendly synthesized nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents: an updated review
Green synthesis of NPs has gained extensive acceptance as they are reliable, eco-friendly, sustainable, and stable. Chemically synthesized NPs cause lung inflammation, heart problems, liver dysfunction, immune suppression, organ accumulation, and altered metabolism, leading to organ-specific toxicity. NPs synthesized from plants and microbes are biologically safe and cost-effective. These microbes and plant sources can consume and accumulate inorganic metal ions from their adjacent niches, thus synthesizing extracellular and intracellular NPs. These inherent characteristics of biological cells to process and modify inorganic metal ions into NPs have helped explore an area of biochemical analysis. Biological entities or their extracts used in NPs include algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, viruses, yeasts, and plants, with varying capabilities through the bioreduction of metallic NPs. These biosynthesized NPs have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, such as tissue engineering, detection of pathogens or proteins, antimicrobial agents, anticancer mediators, vehicles for drug delivery, formulations for functional foods, and identification of pathogens, which can contribute to translational research in medical applications. NPs have various applications in the food and drug packaging industry, agriculture, and environmental remediation. Copyright 2023 Borehalli Mayegowda, Roy, N. G., Pandit, Alghamdi, Almehmadi, Allahyani, Awwad and Sharma. -
Ecofriendly Approaches for Ameliorating the Adverse Effects of Cadmium in Plants by Regulating Physiological and Defense Responses: An Overview
Mitigating cadmium stress in agricultural plants becomes extremely critical in order to assure food sufficiency in the scenario of a rapidly growing population. An extensive review of environmentally friendly methods for reducing cadmium toxicity in plants is provided in this chapter, with special attention to a variety of tactics like phytohormones, polyamines, melatonin, mineral ions, nanoparticles, and transgenic techniques. Nanoparticles are capable of changing the distribution of cadmium, activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, and boosting physiological processes that are crucial for plant resilience and growth. Microorganisms greatly increase plant resistance to cadmium stress by modifying phytohormones and regulating defense-related proteins. Phytohormones can increase a plants adaptability to cadmium stress through a number of mechanisms, such as the regulation of gene expression and physiological processes. Melatonin and polyamines provide protection against oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, while mineral ions such as silicon, calcium, zinc, iron, and selenium increase plant resistance to cadmium, minimizing pollution-related harm. Transgenic plants that are tolerant to cadmium exhibit enhanced detoxification processes and reduced metal accumulation. These findings provide important insights for long-term plant cadmium mitigation and highlight the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in managing heavy metal stress in agricultural systems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Economic Analysis, Environmental Impact, Future Prospects and Mechanistic Understandings of Nanosensors and Nanocatalysis
It is crucial to understand the economic importance of sensors and catalysis. Economy always plays a major role in the field of nanotechnology. The ever-growing industrial revolution raises many concerns to understand the phenomena and to develop inexpensive devices for sensing applications. However, manufacturing such devices have caused a severe impact on environment. Thus, it is a requirement to understand the mechanistic aspects and also future prospects of nanosensors and catalysis to achieve sustainable technologies for the future. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Anitha Varghese and Gurumurthy Hegde; individual chapters, the contributors.