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Economic and sustainable management of wastes from rice industry: combating the potential threats
Rice is one of the imperative staple foods, particularly in the developing countries. The exponential boom in human population has resulted in the continuous expansion in the rice industry in order to meet the food demands. The various stages of paddy processing release huge quantity of solid wastes, mainly rice husk, rice husk ash and liquid wastes in the form of rice industry wastewater. The discharge of the rice industry wastewater imparts a substantial threat to the aquatic bodies and the nearby surrounding and, thus, consequently demands eco-benign treatment plan. As a result, different strategies are needed to enhance the effluent quality and minimize the operational cost of the treatment process. Therefore, efficient technological approach targeting the minimization of pollution as well as assuring the economic prosperity should be implemented. In this review article, several aspects related to the rice industry discussing the significant challenges involved in the generation of both solid and liquid wastes, mitigation experiments and future prospects have been meticulously elaborated. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the various processes utilized for reducing the pollution load and promoting the practice of reuse and recycle of waste rather than the discharge action for the sake of sustainability and the emergence of novel techniques for the generation of energy and value-added products. 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. -
Economic and Urban Dynamics: Investigating Socioeconomic Status and Urban Density as Moderators of Mobile Wallet Adoption in Smart Cities
This research paper examines the complex correlation between socioeconomic factors, urban density, and the acceptance of mobile wallet technology in smart cities. The study investigates how socioeconomic status and urban density influence the adoption of mobile wallets. Smart cities have experienced a significant increase in the adoption of mobile payment solutions such as Apple Pay, and Google Pay, noted for their technological innovation and ability to enhance living standards. These digital payment platforms provide ease, security, and efficiency, revolutionizing how individuals engage in financial transactions and navigate urban environments. The study examines the many aspects that impact this phenomenon, focusing on the significance of comprehending how socioeconomic status and urban density influence the acceptance of mobile wallets. The study utilizes a meticulous research technique, which involves evaluating the reliability and validity of constructs, analyzing Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios, conducting tests for discriminant validity, and doing variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis. These measures are taken to ensure the strength and reliability of the report's conclusions. The research's importance is further supported by model fit statistics and hypothesis testing conducted through bootstrapping. The results emphasize that the inclusion of mobile wallet functions, the legal framework, and the development of smart city infrastructure have a substantial influence on the acceptance of mobile wallets. However, the impact of urban density on mobile wallet adoption is more intricate and multifaceted. This study provides significant insights into the dynamic field of technology uptake in urban regions, with implications for politicians, entrepreneurs, and urban planners seeking to promote financial inclusion and technological integration in smart cities. 2024 IEEE. -
Economic aspects of marine biopolymers
The usage of synthetic polymers such as plastic is a much-debated topic across the globe for a reason; it is not recyclable and harms the environment. However, todays consumers have shifted their preferences to eco-friendly products over harmful products. The biopolymers market globally accounted for about $13.7 billion in 2021, and by 2030, its projected to reach over $35.2 billion, growing at 11.07% [compound annual growth rate (CAGR)]. By 2026, the marine biotechnology sector will be worth $5 billion worldwide. Despite the manufacturing cost of marine biopolymers being higher than that of standard polymers, the market is growing faster because of its benefits across various industries and mainly for stakeholders. The biopolymer industry has evolved due to the depletion of petroleum reservoirs. Key players from countries such as the United States, Brazil, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and Australia are in the biopolymers market. Different classes of marine biopolymers and their industrial applications prove the precious value of ocean resources to society. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Economic Burden and Productivity Loss of Employees with Lifestyle Diseases in Sedentary Occupations During Pandemic
Over the past few decades, the prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases or Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have increased. There has been an increasing concern about these lifestyle diseases, with hypertension acting as the most prevalent lifestyle disease in the populace. It further exaggerates the issue as its prevalence increases exposure to other lifestyle diseases such as Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). With health being an important component of human capital, the presence of lifestyle diseases has an economic impact on the individual and the organisation. The presence of an illness reduces the productivity level delivered by the individual to work, resulting in productivity loss. Apart from impacting an employee's productivity, the prevalence of lifestyle diseases incurs a significant monetary expense in the form of healthcare required to manage them. This monetary expense is called an economic burden or out-of-pocket expenditure. On these grounds, the current study examines the economic burden and impact on the productivity of employees suffering from lifestyle diseases (Hypertension, Diabetes and CVD) working in sedentary occupations. With lifestyle diseases majorly influenced by the lifestyle patterns of an individual, employees working in a sedentary occupation are at greater exposure to lifestyle diseases and hence were selected as the target population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 426 employees of sedentary occupations in the Delhi-NCR region. The economic burden has been measured as a sum of the direct and indirect costs of the diseases incurred in a year. Using the estimates of economic burden, Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditure (CHE) was measured at different threshold levels. The study has also evaluated productivity loss through presenteeism and absenteeism approaches. An attempt was made to examine the relationship between the economic burden 7 and productivity loss through presenteeism and absenteeism approaches. The result of the study shows a significant share of the economic burden for lifestyle diseases and their comorbidities. CHE was highest at the 40% threshold level. The level of disparity in catastrophe among lower and high-income individuals was also highest at the 40% threshold level. Further statistical results show a high cost of absenteeism due to lifestyle diseases compared to presenteeism and found that economic burden has a strong positive relationship with absenteeism and presenteeism. Overall, the study concludes that lifestyle disease incurs a substantial economic burden and CHE for employees working in sedentary occupations. The estimate for the same increases if multiple lifestyle diseases are present. Further, the impact of catastrophe is more for low-income than high-income individuals due to the limited availability of resources to manage the health issue. Apart from causing monetary expense, the presence of lifestyle diseases also causes a high cost of absenteeism and presenteeism, increasing the economic cost of managing lifestyle diseases. -
Economic globalization and unemployment: Evidence from high-, middle- and low-income countries
This study intends to empirically evaluate the effects of economic globalization and its components (i.e. trade and financial openness) on unemployment in high-, middle- and low-income countries from 1991 to 2020. Further, it considers real GDP per capita (sectoral divisions of income, i.e. agriculture, industry and service sector) and urbanization as control variables in the unemployment function. On the empirical front, this study employs the Panel Dynamic Simulated ARDL model and the Kernel-Based Regularized Least Squares for long-run influence estimations. The emanating outcome of these analyses states that economic globalization destroys employment opportunities for low-income countries as it enhances unemployment in the long run. However, in high- and middle-income countries, economic globalization creates employment, which implies reducing unemployment in the long run. The result also indicates that trade and financial openness destroy employment opportunities in low-income countries. Although trade openness in middle-income countries shows the same effect, financial openness does not mimic the same. For high-income countries, trade openness reduces unemployment, but financial openness fosters it. Therefore, these findings indicate that to keep unemployment at a low level, policies related to the opening up of the economy in terms of factor mobility, offshoring, outsourcing and international trade need to be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, a similar consideration is needed for high and middle-income countries to avoid faraway repercussions on unemployment due to becoming a peripheral country. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Economic growth and higher education in south asian countries: Evidence from econometrics
South Asian economies has witnessed very slow growth over the years and the gap has widened manifold between other nations of Asia particularly East Asian nations and South Asian nations. This paper examines co-integration between the economic growth and reach of higher education in South Asian nations explaining this disparity. The research employed an econometric panel co-integration investigation to analyse the long run relationship of higher education and economic growth among these nations. The research confirmed positive long run causality between the economic growth of the South Asian nations and gross enrolment ratio of higher education. So, if the South Asian nations continue with their existing pattern of paying less attention to higher education by allocating low share of investment on it, poor human capital formation would result in growing further economic disparity between developed and South Asian nations where rich nations would remain richer and poor nations would remain poor with the gap remaining unabridged. This research will serve as an aid to policy makers, educators and financers of South Asian nations to bridge the gap between high-and low-income nations. The focus on the quantum of spending on higher education by the government will help improve the reach of tertiary education and build economic prosperity in these nations. 2020, Sciedu Press. All rights reserved. -
Economic Growth, Automation and Environmental Degradation: An Empirical Evidence from Asian Countries
In the era of Industry 4.0 the increase in population as a result of environmental erosion is the prime concern in the global scenario, Asia as the biggest continent is very much applied to it. In this context assessment of the interrelation relationship between automation, financial development, environmental degradation, and per capita growth of 12 Asian Countries from 1995 to 2022 using the panel ARDL model, in addition to assessing the cause-effect relationship panel causality test also incorporated. As a part of ARDL PMG estimation results demonstrated that capital formation, import automation machinery, urban population growth, and ecological footprint positively impact per capita in the long term. But in this phenomenon, aggregate industrial value added negatively impacts per capita, because of automation labor displacement. Results from the causality test suggest that economic upswing, and urban population growth two-way causal relationship. However, capital formation, value-added, and ecological footprint positively impacted per capita growth. Regarding policy formulation need to formulate the necessary skill development program so that individuals can cope with the new decade of automation, in addition, ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation positively impacts per capita growth, so the government needs to make a strategy at the societal level toward sustainable ecofriendly behavior. 2024 IEEE. -
Economic impact of micro loans on the rural women through self help group-bank linkage programme(SBLP) /
Zenith International Journal Of Business Economics And Management Research, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.98-112, ISSN: 2249-8826. -
Economic Sustainability, Mindfulness, and Diversity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
The sustainability of artificial intelligence (Al) and machine learning (ML) requires human diversity and mindfulness. This chapter discusses the various ways in which AI and ML can interact with humans to improve society, e.g., in filing copyrights or design patents or increasing mindfulness. AI and ML could educate weavers and farmers about their legal rights, cultivation methods, banking processes, and the harmful effects of tobacco consumption and other health-related issues. AI and ML could help teach mindfulness. ML can measure additional biofeedback. Music, mathematics, and art may benefit from AI and machine learning. Human-technology relations and the blue-green deployment model can be used to maintain two independent infrastructures or duplicate feature stores. It is possible to cultivate mindfulness and an awareness of diversity and communal harmony through AI and machine learning, as AI and machine learning can infer the emotional and cognitive states of the people with whom they interact. By leveraging the entire process of visualization, reading, and listening with AI, machine learning, and beyond, the digital future has the potential to incorporate real-time emotions and feelings. This would entail emotional responses on both ends and a variety of other technologies and users. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Econophysical bourse volatility-Global Evidence
Financial Reynolds number (Re) has been proven to have the capacity to predict volatility, herd behaviour and nascent bubble in any stock market (bourse) across the geographical boundaries. This study examines forty two bourses (representing same number of countries) for the evidence of the same. This study finds specific clusters of stock markets based on embedded volatility, herd behaviour and nascent bubble. Overall the volatility distribution has been found to be Gaussian in nature. Information asymmetry hinted towards a well-discussed parameter of 'financial literacy' as well. More than eighty percent of indices under consideration showed traces of mild herd as well as bubble. The same indices were all found to be predictable, despite being stochastic time series. In the end, financial Reynolds number (Re) has been proved to be universal in nature, as far as volatility, herd behaviour and nascent bubble are concerned. 2020 Bikramaditya Ghosh et al., published by Sciendo 2020. -
Ecotourism a Sustainable Development Approach: A Case Study of Bandipur Forest
Bandipur Tiger Reserve is geographically speaking, it is an ecological confluence since the Western and Eastern Ghats intersect here, making this region unique and exceptional in terms of its flora and fauna. The community land areas of all the border settlements as well as the nearby notified and unnotified forests have been included in the buffer of this tiger reserve. The scrub jungle along the park's eastern boundaries is made up of stunted trees, scattered bushes, and open grassland patches. The Eco-tourism activity is run in the two Ranges of Bandipur (54 km2) and GS Betta (28 km2), covering a total area of 82.00 km2, or around 9.40% of the Reserve's total size. From the above analysis, it could be concluded that the government should provide that there are administrative facilities, halting facilities, etc. just next to National Highway 67, which cuts through the eco-tourism region. Additionally, the village community people agree that the regions where some Private Tourist Resorts have situated border the Kundu Range's Eco-tourism area. The Reserve benefits from having almost year-round operations. The usual methods of stopping poaching, such as arresting and prosecuting offenders, have obviously failed; conservation education aiming at altering local attitudes will greatly reduce the ongoing threats to the integrity of biological systems in the Bandipur forest. Operationalizing sustainable ecotourism within protected areas ultimately relies on management and operations that maximize the industry's potential positive advantages while minimizing its negative ones. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Edge computing for smart disease prediction treatment therapy
Healthcare systems are increasingly seeking to match patients' pace of life and be personalized, as they are demanding more advanced products and services. The only solution for collecting and analyzing health data in realtime is an edge computing (EC) environment, coupled with 5G speeds and modern computing techniques. The technology in healthcare is currently being used to develop smart systems that can expedite the diagnosis of disease and provide precise and timely treatment. The automated hospital monitoring system and medical diagnosis system enable doctors to monitor and diagnose patients from a variety of locations, including hospitals, workplaces, and homes and provide transportation options. As a result, overall doctor visits are reduced as well as patient care is improved. More than 162 billion healthcare IoT devices are expected to be used worldwide by 2021 thanks to the internet of things (IoT) sensors and applications for general healthcare. With edge intelligence (EI), wearable devices with sensors, like smartwatches or smartphones, and gateway devices, such as microcontrollers, can form edge nodes: smart devices with sensors, as well as gateway devices with sensors, can act as edge nodes. Smart sensor devices are typically installed at a greater distance from personal computers (PCs) and servers, which can be utilized in fog computing (FC). In healthcare, EC and FC are used to deliver reliable, low-latency, and location-aware healthcare services by utilizing sensors located within users' reach. Recently, many researchers have proposed using hierarchical computing for the distribution and allocation of inference-based tasks among edge devices and fog nodes, which could lead to an increase in computing power and compute capability of edge devices. For disease prediction, this chapter discusses a variety of EC techniques. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Edge Computing in Aerial Imaging A Research Perspective
Internet of Drones (IoD) is a field that has a vast scope for improvement due to its high adaptability and complex problem statements. Aerial vehicles have been employed in various applications such as rescue operations, agriculture, crop productivity analysis, disaster management, etc. As computing and storage power have increased, satellite imaging and drone imaging have become possible, with vast datasets available for study and experiments. The recent work lies in the edge computing sector, where the captured aerial images are processed at the edge. Our paper focuses on the algorithms and technologies that easily facilitate aerial image processing. The applications and their architectures are focused on which can efficiently function using aerial processing. The various research perspectives in aerial imaging are concentrated on paving the way for further research. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
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Edge incident 2-edge coloring of graphs
The edge incident 2-edge coloring of a graph G is an edge coloring of the graph G such that not more than two colors are assigned to the edges incident to an edge e = uv in G. In other words, for every edge e in G, the edge e and all the edges that are incident to the edge e is in at most two different color classes. The edge incident 2-edge coloring number ?n2(G) is the maximum number of colors in any edge incident 2-edge coloring of G. The main objective of this paper is to study the edge incident 2-edge coloring concept and apply the same to some graph classes. Besides finding the exact values of these parameters, we also obtain some bounds. World Scientific Publishing Company. -
EDGE INCIDENT 2-EDGE COLORING SUM OF GRAPHS
The edge incident 2-edge coloring number, ?ein2(G), of a graph G is the highest coloring number used in an edge coloring of a graph G such that the edges incident to an edge e = uv in G is colored with at most two distinct colors. The edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of a graph G, denoted as (Formula presented.), is the greatest sum among all the edge incident 2-edge coloring of graph G which receives maximum ?ein2(G) colors. The main objective of this paper is to study the edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of graphs and find the exact values of this parameter for some known graphs. I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2025; all rights reserved. -
Edge intelligence to smart management and control of epidemic
The effects of COVID-19 vary from person to person. A pandemic is devastating economically and socially. Thousands of enterprises face the possibility of collapse. More than half of the world's 3.3 billion workers may lose their livelihoods if the current crisis continues. The world's healthcare services are facing an unprecedented situation due to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Community and government health are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has continued to spread, and mortalities have risen steadily. The spread of this disease can therefore be controlled utilizing nonpharmacological methods, such as quarantine, isolation, and public health education. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning (DL) have led to an explosion in applications and services relating to artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid advancements in mobile computing and AI have enabled zillions of Bytes of data to be generated at the network edge from thousands of mobile devices and internet of things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet. As a result of the success of IoT and AI technologies, it is of utmost importance that we expand the AI frontiers to the network edge in order for big data to be fully tapped. Edge computing (EC) can help overcome this trend because it allows computation-intensive AI applications to run on edge hardware. The topic of discussion in this chapter is edge intelligence (EI) technology's application in limiting virus spread during pandemics. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Edge, IIoT with AI: Transforming industrial engineering and minimising security threat
[No abstract available] -
Edge/Fog Computing: An Overview and Insight into Research Directions
The rapid proliferation of data from applications including IoT, and on-demand access to data have increased dependency on cloud computing, which helps to minimize the overhead related to data storage and maintenance. Applications such as IoT, industrial control, etc. generate data which are highly time-critical in most scenarios. The cloud platform offers permanent storage of this massive amount of data but with comparatively less focus on time-sensitivity. Edge/fog computing are extensions of the cloud computing paradigm and require less response time for time-sensitive data. The edge/fog brings processing and storage closer to the edge of the network, thereby reducing network traffic, delay, and latency. It acts as an intermediate layer between the end devices and the cloud platform, for data collection, offloading, processing, and data management. This chapter addresses the need for fog computing, presents the design model for edge/fog computing, and discusses applications and open issues of implementation. The three-layered network model, the services provided by the edge/fog computing, and a few research challenges of implementation will also be discussed. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.