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Hybrid architecture of digital filter for multi-standard transceivers
This paper addresses on three different architectures of digital decimation filter design of a multi-standard RF transceivers. Instead of using single stage decimation filter network, the filters are implemented in multiple stages using FPGA to optimize the area and power. The proposed decimation filter architectures reflect the considerable reduction in area & power consumption without degradation of performance. First, the types of decimation filter architectures are tested and implemented using conventional binary number system. Then the two different encoding schemes i. e. Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) and Minimum Signed Digit (MSD) are used for filter coefficients and then the architecture performances are tested using FPGA. The results of CSD and MSD based architectures show a considerable reduction in the area & power against the conventional number system based filter design implementation. The implementation results reflect that considerable reduction in area of 25. 64% and power reduction of 16. 45% are achieved using hybrid architecture. Research India Publications. -
Demineralization of sub-bituminous coal by fungal leaching: A structural characterization by X-ray and FTIR analysis
The filamentous fungi, A. niger, A. flavus and Penicillium spp were studied for their ability to demineralise the low rank Indian coals. The FTIR spectra of coals showed the presence of stretching vibrations of -OH bond, aliphatic -CH, -CH2 and - CH3 absorptions, C=C and -CH of aromatic structure and mineral groups. X-ray analyses revealed that coal consists of crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure. The average lateral sizes (La), stacking height (Lc) and the interlayer spacing (d002) of the crystallite structure were calculated which ranged from 343.64 to 1.5, 223.20 to 22.54 and 3.35 to 3.60respectively. The structure of coal was modified to a product similar to that of pure graphite after leaching with Penicillium spp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of coal revealed a layer like structure on the surface. -
Understanding stigma and burnout among HIV/ AIDS health care workers Implications for counselling
The article examines the association between burnout and stigma among Health Care Workers (HCWs) and highlights the need for counselling services in the care of the HCWs. Stereotypes of HIV/AIDS and burnout in HCWs caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) were assessed using self-report methods. Stereotypes about AIDS Scale (SAAS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI were completed by 120 staff from 8 community care centres for PLHIV across south India. Results of SAAS showed that about 33 percent respondents manifested high level of stigma while 35 percent exhibited moderate levels. The results of MBI showed high level of burnout in about 31 percent and moderate in 35 percent respondents. -
Influence of Te doping on the dielectric and optical properties of InBi crystals grown by directional freezing
Stoichiometric pure and tellurium (Te) doped indium bismuthide (InBi) were grown using the directional freezing technique in a fabricated furnace. The X-ray diffraction profiles identified the crystallinity and phase composition. The surface topographical features were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The energy dispersive analysis by X-rays was performed to identify the atomic proportion of elements. Studies on the temperature dependence of dielectric constant (?), loss tangent (tan?), and AC conductivity (?ac) reveal the existence of a ferroelectric phase transition in the doped material at 403 K. When InBi is doped with tellurium (4.04 at%), a band gap of 0.20 eV can be achieved, and this is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared studies. The results thus show the conversion of semimetallic InBi to a semiconductor with the optical properties suitable for use in infrared detectors. 2014 University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. -
Efficient discrimination by MIRU-VNTRs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates belonging to the predominant SIT11/EAI3-IND ancestral genotypic lineage in Kerala, India
The present study evaluated the ability of MIRU-VNTRs to discriminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical isolates belonging to the SIT11/EAI3-IND ancestral genotypic lineage, which is highly prevalent in Kerala, India. Starting from 168 MTB clinical isolates, spoligotyping (discriminatory index of 0.9113) differentiated the strains into 68 distinct patterns, the biggest cluster being SIT11/48 SIT11 ( n= 48). The present study shows that 12-loci MIRUs and 3 ETRs allowed an efficient discrimination of these isolates (discriminatory indexes of 0.7819 and 0.5523, respectively). 2013 Asian-African Society for Mycobacteriology. -
Structural investigation of higher order members of bismuth system superconductors
Structural formation of higher order Bismuth superconducting compounds Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) phase and Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca8Cu9Oy(2289) phase were investigated. The samples were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. Morphological and micro-structural features of the synthesized samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The XRD of both the samples revealed the presence of Bismuth - (2212)& (2223) phases of which (2223) phase was found to be the predominant. The average grain size was found to be around 65 nm. Traces of Ca2PbO4 was also noticed when the samples were synthesised at 835 C. Superconducting transition temperature (TC) of the samples measured by self-inductance method, showed a two-step transition, one around 110 K and the other around 90 Kindicating the presence of (2223)&(2212) phases respectively. But the TC value observed for (2212) phase is about 10 K more than the expected value of 80 K. There was no signature of the formation of (2245) or (2289) phases in this synthesis. -
K shell X-ray intensity ratios, K-Li, K-L, and K-M vacancy transfer probabilities of Ba and Tl following internal conversion process
K shell X-rays of barium and thallium following internal conversion decay in Cs137 and Hg203, respectively, were detected using a Si(Li) X-ray detector coupled to PC-based 8k multichannel analyser employing the method suggested earlier by our group. The K shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities for thallium and barium were calculated. The obtained results are compared with theoretical, semiempirical, and others' experimental results obtained via photoionization as well as decay processes. The effects of beta decay and internal conversion on X-ray emission probabilities are discussed. 2014 Published by NRC Research Press. -
Feature selection based on the classifier models: Performance issues in the prediagnosis of lung cancer
Dimensionality reduction is generally carried out to reduce the complexity of the computations in the large data set environment by removing redundant or de-pendent attributes. For the Lung cancer disease prediction, in the pre-diagnosis stage, symptoms and risk factors are the main information carriers. Large number of symptoms and risk attributes poses major challenge in the computation. Here in this study an attempt is made to compare the performance of the attribute selection models prior and after applying the classifier models. A total of 16 classifier models are preferred based on relevancy of the models with respect to the data types chosen, which are based on statistical, rule based, logic based and artificial neural network approaches. Feature set selection and ranking of attributes are done based on individual models. Based on the confusion matrix parameters the models prediction outcomes are found out in the supervisory training mode. The Confusion matrix of the models before and after dimensionality reduction is computed. Models are compared based on weighted Reader Operator Characteristics. Normalized weights are assigned based for the result of individual models and predictive model is developed. Predictive models performance is studied with target under supervised classifier model and it is observed that it is tallying with the expected outcome. 2005 - 2014 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved. -
Achievenment motivation and self esteem among handicapped children
How the children with handicap perceive themselves and their self esteem levels are important yet not much focussed aspect in disability research. If we have a correct evaluation of their motivational level and self esteem it may help us to modify their training interventions and also would make them feel more satisfied and confident. So we planned to study achievement motivation and self esteem levels of handicapped children. The Objective of the study is that to to compare achievement motivation of physically handicapped to that of non-handicapped school children, and to compare self esteem of physically handicapped to that of non-handicapped school children. Methodology 40 physically handicapped school students and 40 age, gender and education matched non handicapped students were included in the study. Handicapped children of other categories like sensory disability, visual impairment, hearing impairment and speech impairment were excluded. Achievement motivation questionnaire was used to measure the motivational behaviour and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was applied by asking the respondents to reflect on their current feelings. Results and Conclusions Achievement motivation and self esteem were observed to be significantly lower in physically handicapped students compared to healthy controls. Significant gender difference in favour of females was observed i.e., self esteem and achievement motivation was significantly higher in females of both the groups compared to males. The study emphasizes need for interventions to improve self esteem and motivation levels of handicapped children. -
Best unbiased estimation and CAN property in the stable M/M/1 queue
The Uniform Minimum Variance Unbiased (UMVU) estimators of ??, the probability of having ? or more customers, L, the expected system size, Lq, the expected number of customers in the queue, and, the expected number of customers in a non empty queue, are derived based on a random sample of fixed size n on system size at departure points from the geometric distribution on the support {0, 1, 2,.} with mean, which is the distribution of system size in M/M/1 queueing system in equilibrium. The derivations are based on application of Lehmann-Scheffe theorem. Also, CAN estimators of performance measures are derived. In addition the probability distribution of UMVU estimators are obtained. 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
Plano framework for graph indexing - A statistical analysis
Graph Mining is becoming one of the most dominant fields of research. There are plenty methods to index, re-index and to search the features throughout the index but still from the literature study there is no specific frame work which can sum up all three so that indexing and updating the index with new feature can be done in consistent intervals according to the arrival of new features. PLANO is the frame work which has the latest algorithms to look into the data and index. In this paper, Time and Memory efficiency of the proposed algorithms in the PLANO framework is tested statistically and compared with the existing algorithms memory and time usage. Research India Publications. -
Design of digital filters for multi-standard transceivers
This paper addresses on three different architectures of digital decimation filter design of a multi-standard RF transceivers. Instead of using single stage decimation filter network, the filters are implemented in multiple stages using FPGA to optimize the area, delay and dynamic power consumption. The proposed decimation filter architectures reflect the considerable reduction in area and dynamic power consumption without degradation of performance. The filter coefficients are derived from MATLAB, the filter architectures are implemented and tested using Xilinx SPARTAN FPGA.First, the types of decimation filter architectures are tested and implemented using conventional binary number system. Then the two different encoding schemesi.e. Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) and Minimum Signed Digit (MSD) are used for filter coefficients and then the architecture performances are tested.The results of CSD and MSD based architectures show a considerable reduction in the area and power against the conventional number system based filter design implementation. The implementation results reflect that considerable reduction in area of 47.89% and dynamic power reduction of 28.64% are achieved using hybrid architecture. 2015 School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. All rights reserved. -
60Co gamma irradiation and annealing effects on transport properties of antimony telluride platelets grown by physical vapor deposition
Physical vapor deposition method was employed to deposit antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) crystals in a dual-zone furnace. The microstructure, surface topography and composition of samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Seebeck coefficient (S?c), electrical conductivity (??c) as well as power factor (PF) were enhanced for pure Sb2Te3 samples upon annealing, and the samples annealed at 473 K exhibited the highest PF of 3.16 10-3 W m-1K-2 with an enhancement of 22% in the figure of merit (Z). When the delivered dose of 60Co gamma radiation was increased from 0 to 30 kGy in the stoichiometric crystals, ??c decreased due to the decrease in mobility. As a result of the increase in S, PF and Z improved by 12.11 and 13.7%, respectively, in the 30 kGy gamma-irradiated crystals. Both RH (B?c) and S?c were positive, suggesting that the prepared Sb2Te3 crystals retained the p-type semiconductivity after these treatments. The Chinese Society for Metals and Springer-Verlag 2015. -
Gender modulates the development of theta event related oscillations in adolescents and young adults
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7. Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. These tasks call upon attentional and working memory resources. Large differences in developmental rates between males and females were found; scalp location and task modality (visual or auditory) differences within males and females were small compared to gender differences. Trajectories of interregional and intermodal correlations between ERO power values exhibited increases with age in both genders, but showed a divergence in development between auditory and visual systems during ages 16 to 21. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and imaging studies and provide additional temporal detail about the development of neurophysiological indices of cognitive activity. Since measures of the P3 response has been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions. 2015 Elsevier B.V. -
Apparel shopping styles of young adult consumers in Bangalore
Apparels are one of the most frequently purchased product categories where young adults have the authority to make independent buying decisions, and they also become trendsetters and opinion leaders. Understanding this large segment appropriately is crucial for apparel manufacturers and marketers as they promise longevity of market and exert substantial influence on their parents, peers, as well as their own spending. The present study segmented young adult consumers based on their shopping styles towards purchase of apparels and explored the differences in the shopping styles across demographics such as gender, educational levels, and regional background. The respondents for the study were young adults who belonged to the age group of 18 - 25 years residing in Bangalore, India. The variables under study were eight shopping styles adapted from Sproles and Kendall Consumer Style Inventory- CSI (1986). The study revealed that all the eight shopping styles of the CSI were manifested among young adults in Bangalore; however, the predominant shopping style was the Perfectionist/ High Quality Conscious shopping style. Furthermore, significant differences in the shopping styles of young adults across gender, educational levels, and regional background were found. -
Studies on sulfur doping and figure of merit in vapor grown Sb2Te3 platelet crystals
A series of p-type Sb2Te3-xSx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) samples for each sulfur composition was vapor deposited to explore the crystal growth mechanism of platelet morphology and to understand their potential use for thermoelectric devices. Structural characterization performed by X-ray diffraction exhibited consistent rhombohedral unit cell parameters for all the antimony telluride crystals with D3d5 space group symmetry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) were employed for morphological and compositional studies. The Seebeck coefficient S (?c) of Sb2Te3-xSx crystals for sulfur composition, x=0.3 was remarkably improved, yielding a figure of merit (ZT)=0.54, which is ?2.5 fold rise compared to the melt grown Sb2Te3 crystals. The atomic force microscopic (AFM) imprints revealed that, with increasing content of dopant, distribution of etch pits and microhardness increased in sulfur doped crystals. By optimizing sulfur doping, the antisite (AS) defect formation can be suppressed for enhancing ZT and the results obtained enable to design novel thermoelectric materials for application in power generation and refrigeration. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
Forecasting gold prices based on extreme learning machine
In recent years, the investors pay major attention to invest in gold market because of huge profits in the future. Gold is the only commodity which maintains its value even in the economic and financial crisis. Also, the gold prices are closely related with other commodities. The future gold price prediction becomes the warning system for the investors due to unforeseen risk in the market. Hence, an accurate gold price forecasting is required to foresee the business trends. This paper concentrates on forecasting the future gold prices from four commodities like historical data's of gold prices, silver prices, Crude oil prices, Standard and Poor's 500 stock index (S & P500) index and foreign exchange rate. The period used for the study is from 1st January 2000 to 31st April 2014. In this paper, a learning algorithm for single hidden layered Feed forward neural networks called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used which has good learning ability. Also, this study compares the five models namely Feed forward networks without feedback, Feed forward back propagation networks, Radial basis function, ELMAN networks and ELM learning model. The results prove that the ELM learning performs better than the other methods. 2006-2016 by CCC Publications. -
Physical properties of vapour grown indium monotelluride platelets
Indium monotelluride (InTe) crystals were grown from vapour phase under different temperature gradients by employing physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. The morphology of these crystals such as whiskers, needles, platelets etc., strongly depends on the temperature distribution in the horizontal dual zone furnace. InTe platelets were deposited by setting the temperature of the charge (TC) and growth (TS) zones at 1073 K and 773 K (?T=300 K), respectively, for different growth periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). The surface growth features have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopes, which indicate layer growth mechanism for all the crystals. Various crystals grown under ?T=200 K and 300 K (retaining TS invariant) were examined by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. InTe samples exhibited consistent lattice parameters, density and atomic percentage, establishing stoichiometry and chemical homogeneity. The results obtained for Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, power factor, dislocation density and microhardness are found to be reproducible as well. The vapour deposited InTe platelets are mechanically stable and possess high value of TEP, which ensure their practical application in thermoelectric power generation. 2014 Elsevier B.V. -
Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial studies of novel acyl hydrazones of pacetoxybenzaidehyde
Novel acyl hydrazones derived from p-acetoxybenzaldehyde and various acid hydrazides have been synthesized. Synthetic procedure is simple and convenient and affords good yield. Elemental analysis and spectral results of the products arc also reported. 2015 Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved. -
Twin deficit hypothesis: Some recent evidence from India
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit commonly known as 'twin deficits hypotheses' in Indian economy. We used time series data for the period of 1970 to 2013. The empirical results of this study follow the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique for long run and short run estimates and error correction mechanism (ECM). In this study, we check the hypotheses that trade deficit is the determinant of budget deficit with its current values or the lag values. The results of the ARDL model confirm that there is the positive and significant relationship between trade deficit and budget deficit. So twin deficits hypothesis is valid for India. The ARDL results of the short run confirm the hypothesis that trade deficit can determine the budget deficit in the case of India. The results of the long run estimates are also significant. The error correction specification is used to find evidence of long-run causality running from budget deficit to trade deficit and vice versa. The empirical results suggest that trade deficit can determine the budget deficit in case of India. 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.