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Clonning and Characterization of An Exported Protein Present in the RD7 Region of Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing the disease newlinetuberculosis in mammals, which is regarded as one of the oldest diseases haunting the human race. The only available tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerine (BCG), is effective against childhood tuberculosis but is regarded as having low efficacy in conferring protection in the case of tuberculosis in adults. A comparison of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain and clinical isolates from Kerala had earlier revealed that the clinical strains have a distinctive 4.5 kb genomic sequence that is lacking from the H37Rv strain in the RD7 region. The RD7 is a distinctive genomic region that is absent in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain. The 4.5 kb genomic sequence is projected to include 6 potential ORFs by newlineNCBI ORF prediction tool, one of which Novel Hypothetical Protein (NHP2) is anticipated to encode an exported protein with a length of 268 amino acids. Studies demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretory proteins such as the Ag85 complex, the ESAT-6 family protein, and the PE-PPE family proteins were newlineeffective vaccine candidates because they trigger T cells. Here, we present an indepth analysis of the exported protein, which is 268 amino acids long. The putative exported protein with a gene 807 bp long was PCR amplified and cloned in the expression vector pET-32a for expression. The protein was over expressed using Isopropyl D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and was isolated and purified using column chromatography. Bioinformatics studies were conducted to study the characteristics of the expressed protein. A novel putative mycobacterial protein discovered by subtractive hybridization was studied for its potential as a vaccine candidate using cutting-edge computer technologies. -
Machining Characteristics Evaluation of Al7075TiB2 In Situ Composite Using Abrasive Water Jet Machining with Varied Test Parameters
The study delves into the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting of an Al7075TiB2 metal matrix composite that was synthesized in situ. The primary goal is to investigate how variations in three key process parameters, namely, stand-off distance (SOD) ranging from 0.5 to 2.5mm, abrasive flow rate (100 to 300gmin), and traverse speed (100 to 500mmmin), affect three critical performance metrics: volumetric material removal rate (VMRR), dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness (SR). The study's findings were represented graphically, highlighting the relationships between these responses and the aforementioned process parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to examine the machined surfaces. It was discovered that increasing traverse speed resulted in significant increases in surface roughness, VMRR, and dimensional errors. An increase in the SOD, on the other hand, resulted in an increase in surface roughness, VMRR, and a decrease in dimensional accuracy. Furthermore, increasing the abrasive flow rate resulted in lower surface roughness and dimensional accuracy while achieving a higher VMRR. 2023, The Institution of Engineers (India). -
Mathematical approach for impact of media awareness on measles disease
During the recent pandemic caused by COVID-19, media awareness played a crucial role in educating people about social distancing, wearing masks, quarantine, vaccination, and medication. Media awareness brought individual behavioral changes among the people, which in turn helped reduce the infection rate. Motivated by this, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a media compartment to mitigate measles disease transmission. In this paper, the SEIR model is used to study measles disease in three cases: one with a delay in vaccination, the second with regular vaccination, and the third with the impact of media awareness on the spreading of measles disease. Further, the dynamical behavior of the models is studied in terms of positivity, boundedness, equilibrium, and basic reproduction number (BRN). The sensitivity analysis of the models is conducted, which verifies the importance of the BRN ((Formula presented.)) to be less than one for disease eradication. The numerical study confirms the impact of media awareness on exposed and infected populations. 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Modelling temperature-dependent malaria transmission vector model considering different levels of immunity in host population
Malaria is spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which complete their life cycle by feeding on human blood. Parasites from the mosquito's saliva enter the human bloodstream through a mosquito bite. Thus, the link between humans and mosquitoes to parasites is established. According to WHO statistics, malaria appears widespread in tropical and subtropical locations around the equator, including most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The most prevalent causes of malaria transmission might be amicable temperature, which aids in the growth of the mosquito life-cycle, and a failure to maintain the local socio-economic condition, which reduces individual immunity. This study proposes the vector-host model to understand the spread of malaria infection. A vector model is used to understand the effects of temperature on the development of egg, larval, pupal, and adult mosquito populations. Furthermore, the role of immunity is being explored using the host model. Numerical simulations support the influence of temperature on disease transmission. The study draws attention to the fact that, along with issues like global warming and climate change, managing the socio-economic conditions of the area (healthcare facilities, environmental improvement) is essential for malaria eradication. CSP - Cambridge, UK; I&S - Honda, USA, 2023 -
Mathematical modeling to investigate the influence of vaccination and booster doses on the spread of Omicron
The emergence of new variants, such as Omicron, has raised concerns regarding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the impact of vaccination and booster doses on Omicron transmission dynamics, considering various infection compartments. The model incorporates multiple compartments representing different stages of infection, including susceptible individuals, vaccinated individuals, boosted individuals, and those infected with Omicron. The infection dynamics are captured by parameters such as vaccine efficacy, vaccination with booster received efficacy, and infection rate. Using mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, we explore how different vaccination and booster strategies affect the spread of Omicron. The normalized sensitivity analysis method of R0 is investigated to understand the importance of parameters in disease transmission. Furthermore, we assess the influence of infection compartments, such as asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, on overall transmission dynamics. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
High-affinity binding of celastrol to monomeric ?-synuclein mitigates invitro aggregation
?-Synuclein (?Syn) aggregation is associated with Parkinsons disease (PD). The region ?Syn36-42 acts as the nucleation 'master controller and ?Syn1-12 as a secondary nucleation site. They drive monomeric ?Syn to aggregation. Small molecules targeting these motifs are promising for disease-modifying therapy. Using computational techniques, we screened thirty phytochemicals for ?Syn binding. The top three compounds were experimentally validated for their binding affinity. Amongst them, celastrol showed high binding affinity. NMR analysis confirmed stable ?Syn-celastrol interactions involving several residues in the N-terminus and NAC regions but not in the C-terminal tail. Importantly, celastrol interacted extensively with the key motifs that drive ?Syn aggregation. Thioflavin-T assay indicated that celastrol reduced ?Syn aggregation. Thus, celastrol holds promise as a potent drug candidate for PD. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Remote work realities: A comprehensive study on individual choices and task accomplishments
The global work landscape has undergone a paradigm shift with the widespread adoption of telecommuting, a transformation further accelerated by the COVID- 19 pandemic. This research delves into the intricate dynamics of telecommuting, focusing on the impact of individual characteristics on the choice to work remotely in the post- pandemic era. It reveals that gender significantly influences telecommuting preferences, while age and years of experience do not show a discernible impact. Beyond individual factors, the study examines how telecommuting attitudes affect task accomplishment, highlighting substantial effects on goal attainment and underscoring the need to understand work arrangement's complexities. Additionally, the research explores the diverse strategies employed by employers and employees, illustrating successful approaches to remote work. Ultimately, this study navigates the evolving telecommuting landscape, offering insights into challenges and achieve-ments, and provides a foundation for future research on telecommuting's impact on work practices and individual well- being. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring the Roots of Customer Adaptability Through the Landscape of Physical Retail Environments
This research delves into the intricate dynamics of customer adaptability within the realm of brick-and-mortar retail, examining the pivotal role of managing customer knowledge capabilities. As traditional retail spaces evolve in response to technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors, understanding the antecedents of customer agility becomes paramount. Drawing on insights from customer knowledge management literature and retail studies, this paper elucidates the nuanced interplay between customer adaptability and the strategies employed to harness and leverage customer knowledge. Through a comprehensive analysis of the contextual landscape of physical retail environments, we uncover the underlying factors that influence customer adaptability. By illuminating these connections, this study offers valuable insights for practitioners and scholars alike, contributing to a deeper understanding of how organizations can effectively navigate the evolving retail landscape to enhance customer experiences and foster sustainable growth. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Identification of negative comments from positive sentences through data analysis
Social media has become a part, where people say what they think. It has made remarkable condition for individuals to impart their thoughts to the world. More consumers are writing their reviews which help people to make decisions about the quality and whether they should purchase the product. With respect to distinguishing perspectives out of this immense pool of conclusions, it turns into a laborious task and doing it physically is in every practical sense impossible. When we want to purchase things the best way to choose the finest product is to rely upon the opinions of others who already purchased those items. Sentiment analysis is utilized to choose whether the author's view is positive, negative, or neutral towards a specific item. This paper provides a review of apple mobile phone where we find polarity of a product based on scoring. We also worked on identifying negative comments in a positive sentence. We found the count of different polarity of words from overall positive feedbacks and stored the negative words so that we can identify which feature of the product is not acceptable and should be work with. We are representing our final result using wordcloud where we can detect which features has flaws. IAEME Publication. -
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An Efficient Inclusion Complex Based Fluorescent Sensor for Mercury (II) and its Application in Live-Cell Imaging
The formation of an inclusion complex between hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin (H-CD) and 4-acetylphenyl-4-(((6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-imino)-methyl)-benzoate (L) was investigated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman, scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques in the solid-state, absorption and emission spectroscopy in the liquid state and the virtual state as molecular docking technique. The binding properties of the inclusion complex (H-CD: L) with cations in deionized water was observed via absorbance and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. The fluorescence probe (H-CD: L) inclusion complex (IC) was examined for several heavy metal cations, and identified that the PL emission wavelength of the complex displayed a continuous rise in the fluorescence intensity for Hg2+. A linearity range of 1 108 11 108M and limit of detection value of 2.71 1010M was found to be achieved for the detection of Hg2+. This outcome proves that the inclusion complex H-CD: L would be a promising material for the development a solid-state fluorescence probe for detecting Hg2+. It also shows application in real sample analysis and cell imaging. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Biomass derived carbon quantum dots embedded PEDOT/CFP electrode for the electrochemical detection of phloroglucinol
Carbon nanocomposites have garnered a lot of attention among various nanomaterials due to their distinct characteristics, such as large surface area, biocompatibility, and concise synthetic routes. They are also a viable contender for electrochemical applications, notably sensing, due to their intriguing electrochemical features, which include large electroactive surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, electrocatalytic activity, and high porosity and adsorption capability. Herein, an electrochemical sensor for phloroglucinol (PL) was designed using a CFP electrode modified with biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (S-CQD) doped on conducting organic polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) via electrodeposition method. The obtained nanocomposite (S-CQD+PEDOT) on the CFP electrode possesses a high surface area. The higher electrocatalytic activity of S-CQD and significant conductivity of PEDOT- modified electrode enhance the electrocatalytic activity for the phloroglucinol oxidation. The oxidation peak current of PL shows a higher response on the finally modified electrode than the other electrodes. The developed electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of PL showed a good linear range of 36 -360 nM and a detection limit of 11 nM. The modified electrodes were characterized using Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, the developed method was successfully used to detect Phloroglucinol from industrial effluents with RSD (0.841.02%) and (98.5101.2%) of recovery. 2023 -
Dual ion specific electrochemical sensor using aminothiazole-engineered carbon quantum dots
A novel electrochemical sensor capable of concurrently detecting Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions has been innovatively engineered. This sensor utilizes the anodic stripping voltammetry technique (ASV) with a composite consisting of carbon quantum dots and aminothiazole (CQD-AT). In this composite, both the carbon quantum dots and aminothiazole contribute significantly to the electroactive surface area, boasting an abundance of functional groups that include oxygen and nitrogen atoms. These functional groups serve as active sites that enhance sensor sensitivity by facilitating the electrostatic interaction-based adsorption of heavy metal ions. Aminothiazole surface is evenly covered with CQDs, which are essential for metal gets reoxidized into metal ions for stripping analysis. Due to this unique modification, the Pb2+ and Hg2+ electrochemical sensor using the CQD-AT composite coated on carbon fiber paper electrode (CQD-AT/CFP) exhibits superior analysis performance such as wide linear range (0.6 1011160 106 M) for Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.0 pM and 6.2 pM for Pb2+ and Hg2+. CQD-AT/CFP modified electrode can be considered as a potential material for electrochemical simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Hg2+ in different water samples. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on dual-emissive carbon dot for the selective detection of Cd2+
Cadmium (Cd2+), a heavy metal ion used in numerous industries, has toxic adverse effects on the environment; it is crucial to develop a quick and reliable method for Cd2+ determination. Fluorescent biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CD) with rich carboxyl groups on the surface were synthesized using water amaranth leaves by hydrothermal method with a 12.1% quantum yield. The surface of CD was further modified with 1-pyrene carboxaldehyde (PC) to synthesize pyrene carboxaldehyde-carbon quantum dots (PC-CD). This study developed a fluorescent ratiometric nanosensor using a covalently functionalized CD with pyrene derivative and demonstrates highly selective identification capability towards Cd2+ over competing metal ions. The Nano sensor has significant selectivity towards Cd2+ in an excellent linear range of 0-70 ?M with a detection limit as low as 15 nM and demonstrates excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) were used to identify the surface functionalization of PC-CD. Finally, the developed ratiometric sensor was used for detecting Cd2+ metal ions from various water effluents. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. -
Fluorescein Based Fluorescence Sensors for the Selective Sensing of Various Analytes
Fluorescein molecules are extensively used to develop fluorescent probes for various analytes due to their excellent photophysical properties and the spirocyclic structure. The main structural modification of fluorescein occurs at the carboxyl group where different groups can be easily introduced to produce the spirolactam structure which is non-fluorescent. The spirolactam ring opening accounts for the fluorescence and the dual sensing of analytes using fluorescent sensors is still a topic of high interest. There is an increase in the number of dual sensors developed in the past five years and quite a good number of fluorescein derivatives were also reported based on reversible mechanisms. This review analyses environmentally and biologically important cations such as Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Pd2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Mg2+; anions (F?, OCl?) and small molecules (thiols, CO and H2S). Structural modifications, binding mechanisms, different strategies and a comparative study for selected cations, anions and molecules are outlined in the article. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Weakly Non-linear Stability Analysis of Triple-Diffusive Convection in a Bi-viscous Bingham Fluid Layer with Cross-Diffusion Effects
The paper investigates the impact of cross-diffusion on triple-diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer. Non-linear stability analysis is performed, and the expression of the critical-Rayleigh-number is obtained, resulting in an analytical solution of the Ginzburg-Landau model (GLM). The coefficients in the GLM involve the scaled Rayleigh-number, the solutal Rayleigh-numbers, the solutal diffusivity rates, the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, and the cross-diffusion parameters. The solutal Rayleigh-numbers, the solutal diffusivity rates, and the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter alone determine the critical-Rayleigh-number, which provides the condition for the stationary onset. The neutral curves for the stationary mode are examined. It is found that the solutal diffusivities and bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter advance the onset of convection, whereas the solutal Rayleigh-numbers delay it. The Nusselt number, Nu, and the Sherwood numbers, Sh1 and Sh2, determine the heat- and mass-transfer rates obtained for the convection system. We see that Nu, Sh1 and Sh2 increase with an increase in the values of the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter. Also, we observe that increase in the Prandtl number effect increases them, and the same is true of the solutal Rayleigh-numbers, whereas the opposite impact on Nu, Sh1 and Sh2 is seen for solutal diffusivities, Soret and cross-diffusion parameters. In general, we observe that mass-transfer is more than the heat-transfer (Sh1>Sh2>Nu) depending on the value of diffusivities. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2024. -
Analytical study of triple diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer using Ginzburg-Landau model
In this paper, considering bi-viscous Bingham as the base fluid, we study the thermophysical-properties (such as density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal expansion) with different combinations of salts among NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and NaCl2 of triple diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer with heat as one of the diffusing components. A weakly non-linear case is formulated to facilitate a solution to the problem using a series solution Ginzburg-Landau model. With regard to single, double, and triple diffusive convection, the tables are made to record the actual values of thermophysical-properties together with the critical Rayleigh-number for each combination of aqueous-salt solutions. This computation calculates the mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers to quantify the systems heat- and mass-transfers for various aqueous-solutions. The effect of the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, for small and large values, for different aqueous-solutions, in single, double, and triple diffusive convection has been captured via 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) figures and the results are recorded and compared. The investigation reveals that the heat- and mass-transfers increase with an increase or decrease in the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, which in turn depends on the values of (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) The results confirm that the heat- and mass-transfers are least for the combination of KCl with CaCl2 and maximum for the combination of NaCl with other salts. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
RayleighBard Convection in a Bi-viscous Bingham Fluid with Weak Vertical Harmonic Oscillations: Linear and Non-linear Analyses
Linear and weakly non-linear stability analyses of RayleighBard convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer are performed in the presence of vertical harmonic vibrations. In the linear analysis, expression is obtained for the correction Rayleigh-number arising due to the vibrations. The non-linear-analysis based on the GinzburgLandau equation is used to compute the Nusselt-number in terms of the correction Rayleigh-number. The mean-Nusselt-number is then obtained as a function of the scaled-Rayleigh-number, the frequency and the amplitude of modulation, the Prandtl number, and the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter. The non-autonomous amplitude-equation is numerically solved using the RungeKuttaFehlberg45 method. It is found that the influence of increasing the amplitude of modulation is to result in a delayed-onset situation and thereby to an enhanced-heat-transport situation. For small and moderate frequencies, the influence of increasing the frequency of oscillations is to decrease the critical Rayleigh-number. However, the mean-Nusselt-number decreases with increase in the frequency of oscillations only in the case of small frequencies. An increase in the value of the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter leads to advanced-onset and thereby to an enhanced-heat-transport situation. At very large frequencies, the effect of modulation on onset and heat-transport ceases. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited. -
Detection of picric acid in industrial effluents using multifunctional green fluorescent B/N-carbon quantum dots /
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol.10, Issue 2, ISSN No: 2213-3437.
Carbon quantum dots have recently gained widespread attention due to their excellent physicochemical features. The rapid escalation in the dumping of hazardous chemicals into water, spurred demand for developing efficient and selective sensors for toxic chemicals. Herein, we have developed a novel fluorescence sensor for picric acid which is a major pollutant in industrial effluents. The new strategy exploits the development of a fluorescence sensor based on N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) followed by boron functionalization. The N-CQDs were synthesized in a rapid single-step microwave technique by employing L-serine and citric acid.