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Entrepreneurship education: Innovations and best practices
Entrepreneurship education has become a priority for policy-makers especially in developing countries. Such interventions in the education system are expected to create a culture of entrepreneurship in the society and thereby bring economic benefits through the enterprising behaviour of individuals resulting in better performance of existing organizations as well as creation of new ventures. While the process appears to be simple and straightforward, the experiences have often belied the expectations. The fact that it is rather difficult to assess the long-term impact of entrepreneurship education adds to the confusion and ambiguities. Educators therefore have been tinkering with various aspects of entrepreneurship education and training in the hope of arriving at the best design. Obviously, this has led to many innovations in the curriculum, pedagogy, target groups and institutions involved in entrepreneurship education. The present paper attempts to document these innovations and best practices under a 'WHAT-HOW-WHO-WHERE' framework to capture the four domains of activities involved. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we have developed a fairly comprehensive picture of what is happening in the field and proposed a theoretical model highlighting the dual role of entrepreneurship education, namely developing enterprising individuals in the society and providing knowledge and skills required for enterprise creation. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved. -
Entropy Based Segmentation Model for Kidney Stone and Cyst on Ultrasound Image
Segmentation of abnormal masses in kidney images is a tough task. One of the main challenges is the presence of speckle noise, which will restrain the valuable information for the medical practitioners. Hence, the detection and segmentation of the affected regions vary in accuracies. The proposed model includes pre-processing and segmentation of the diseased region. The pre-processing consists of Gaussian filtering and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLHE) to improve the clarity of the images. Further, segmentation has been done based on the entropy of the image and gamma correction has been done to improve the overall brightness of the images. An optimal global threshold value is selected to extract the region of interest and measures the area. The model is analyzed with statistical parameters like Jaccard index and Dice coefficient and compared with the ground truth images. To check the accuracy of the segmentation, relative error is calculated. This framework can be used by radiologists in diagnosing kidney patients. 2022, International Journal of Computing. All Rights Reserved. -
Entropy generation analysis of magneto-nanoliquids embedded with aluminium and titanium alloy nanoparticles in microchannel with partial slips and convective conditions
Purpose: Outstanding features such as superior electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of alloy nanoparticles with working fluids make them ideal materials to be used as coolants in microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs). This paper aims to investigate the effects of different alloy nanoparticles such as AA7075 and Ti6Al4V on microchannel flow of magneto-nanoliquids with partial slip and convective boundary conditions. Flow features are explored with the effects of magnetism and nanoparticle shape. Heat transport of fluid includes radiative heat, internal heat source/sink, viscous and Joule heating phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: Suitable dimensionless variables are used to reduce dimensional governing equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The relevant dimensionless ordinary differential systems are computed numerically by using RungeKuttaFehlberg-based shooting approach. Pertinent results of velocity, temperature, entropy number and Bejan number for assorted values of physical parameters are comprehensively discussed. Also, a closed-form solution is obtained for momentum equation for a particular case. Analytical results agree perfectly with numerical results. Findings: It is established that the entropy production can be improved with radiative heat, Joule heating, convective heating and viscous dissipation aspects. The entropy production is higher in the case of Ti6Al4V-H2O nanofluid than AA7075-H2O. Further, the inequality Ns(?)Sphere > Ns(?)Hexahedran > Ns(?)Tetrahydran > Ns(?)Column > Ns(?)Lamina holds true. Originality/value: Effects of aluminium and titanium alloy nanoparticles in microchannel flows by using viscous dissipation and Joule heating are investigated for the first time. Flow features are explored with the effects of magnetism and nanoparticle shape. The results for different alloy nanoparticles such as AA7075 and Ti6Al4V have been compared. 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Entropy generation analysis of radiative heat transfer in Williamson fluid flowing in a microchannel with nonlinear mixed convection and Joule heating
In this article, the spectral quasi-linearization (SQLM) method is implemented to solve the complicated differential equations governing the nonlinear mixed convective heat transfer of a Williamson fluid through a vertical microchannel. Unlike the conventional Boussinesq approximation, the quadratic Boussinesq approximation is taken into account in the formulation. The effects of Rosseland thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation are described in the thermal analysis subjected to the boundary conditions of convective thermal heating. The analysis of entropy production is also performed. The importance of various parameters governing velocity, Bejan number, temperature, and entropy generation was explored using graphic illustrations. It was found that the nonlinear density change with a temperature significantly affects the heat transport in the microchannel and thus increases the magnitude of the Bejan number and the production of entropy. Entropy production occurs maximum due to the boundary conditions of convection heating at the walls of the microchannel. Furthermore, due to a stronger viscous heating mechanism, the magnitude of the Bejan number is reduced, while the production of entropy increases significantly. As a limiting case of the problem, a comparison was made with results previously published in the literature and excellent agreement was established. The calculations provide a solid reference point for future CFD models and are relevant to the dynamics of polymers in microfluidic devices and the polymer industries. IMechE 2022. -
Entropy generation analysis of radiative Williamson fluid flow in an inclined microchannel with multiple slip and convective heating boundary effects
The main theme of the current work is to investigate the flow and heat transport characteristics of non-Newtonian Williamson fluid in an inclined micro-channel along with entropy generation analysis. The significance of the thermal radiation, convective boundary condition, and multiple slip effects is explored. The entropy generation of the system has been analyzed by adopting the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The rheological expressions of the Williamson fluid model are also taken into account. The nonlinear system is tackled by using the finite element method. An appropriate comparison has been made with previously published results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem. The comparison confirmed an excellent agreement. Detailed discussion of the significance of effective parameters on Bejan number, entropy generation rate, temperature and velocity is presented through graphs. The numerical results portray that the entropy generation and Bejan number have escalating behavior to the higher value of angle of inclination. Furthermore, the Bejan number changing its behavior at two points for different values of Reynolds number. IMechE 2021. -
Entropy generation analysis of tangent hyperbolic fluid in quadratic Boussinesq approximation using spectral quasi-linearization method
In many industrial applications, heat transfer and tangent hyperbolic fluid flow processes have been garnering increasing attention, owing to their immense importance in technology, engineering, and science. These processes are relevant for polymer solutions, porous industrial materials, ceramic processing, oil recovery, and fluid beds. The present tangent hyperbolic fluid flow and heat transfer model accurately predicts the shear-thinning phenomenon and describes the blood flow characteristics. Therefore, the entropy production analysis of a non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic material flow through a vertical microchannel with a quadratic density temperature fluctuation (quadratic/nonlinear Boussinesq approximation) is performed in the present study. The impacts of the hydrodynamic flow and Newtons thermal conditions on the flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation are analyzed. The governing nonlinear equations are solved with the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). The obtained results are compared with those calculated with a finite element method and the bvp4c routine. In addition, the effects of key parameters on the velocity of the hyperbolic tangent material, the entropy generation, the temperature, and the Nusselt number are discussed. The entropy generation increases with the buoyancy force, the pressure gradient factor, the non-linear convection, and the Eckert number. The non-Newtonian fluid factor improves the magnitude of the velocity field. The power-law index of the hyperbolic fluid and the Weissenberg number are found to be favorable for increasing the temperature field. The buoyancy force caused by the nonlinear change in the fluid density versus temperature improves the thermal energy of the system. 2021, Shanghai University. -
Entropy generation and heat transport analysis of Casson fluid flow with viscous and Joule heating in an inclined porous microchannel
The combined effects of the magnetic field, suction/injection, and convective boundary condition on heat transfer and entropy generation in an electrically conducting Casson fluid flow through an inclined porous microchannel are scrutinized. The temperature-dependent heat source is also accounted. Numerical simulation for the modelled problem is presented via RungeKuttaFelhberg-based shooting technique. Special attention is given to analyze the impact of involved parameters on the profiles of velocity (u(?)), temperature (?(?)), entropy generation (Ns), and Bejan number (Be.) It is established that entropy generation rate decreases at the walls with an increase in Hartmann number (M), while it increases at the center region of the microchannel. IMechE 2019. -
Entropy generation and thermal analyses of a Cross fluid flow through an inclined microchannel with non-linear mixed convection
The temperature difference of the various applications such as microchannel heat exchangers, microelectronics, solar collectors, automotive systems, micro fuel cells, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is relatively large. The buoyancy force (mixed convection) modeled by the conventional Boussinesq approximation is inadequate since the density of the operating fluids fluctuates non-linearly with the temperature difference. Therefore, the mixed non-linear convective transport of the flow of Cross fluid through three different geometric aspects (horizontal, vertical, and inclined) of the microchannel under the non-linear Boussinesq (NBA) approximation is investigated. Mechanisms of internal heat source, Rosseland radiative heat flux, and frictional heating are incorporated into the thermal analysis. The mathematical construction is proposed using the Cross fluid model for a steady-state, and subsequent non-linear differential equations are deciphered by the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). Graphical sketches were constructed and displayed that explore the stimulus of various key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, temperature, and entropy generation. It is found that the Bejan number and entropy production improved due to the non-linear density temperature variation. The convective heating boundary conditions augment the entropy production. The pressure gradient accelerates the transport of fluid in a microchannel. Furthermore, among three different geometries, the velocity, entropy production, and temperature are the highest for the vertical microchannel. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Environment and Human Rights - Interrelatedness
Shodh Prerak, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp 69-73, ISSN No. 2231-413X -
Environment or Development: The Way Forward
This chapter explores the relationship between the environment and development, focusing on the challenges of balancing environmental protection and development goals. Historical perspectives on development and the environment and the emergence of sustainable development are discussed. The chapter examines the challenges in balancing economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability, with particular attention given to the issues of climate change and ecological justice. Sustainable development is presented as a solution, with examples of sustainable development initiatives. Critical strategies for balancing environment and development are outlined, including ecosystem-based approaches, integrated land-use planning, the green and circular economy, and sustainable consumption and production. The role of different stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, and civil society, is also discussed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders on effectively balancing environmental protection and development goals. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Environmental and Sustainable Development Policies to Address the Pollution Catastrophe in India
Although the environment, crops, water, air, food and fiber, control the weather, and supply oxygen, its air, water, and soil are polluted too. Humans have altered about 75% of the earth, reducing wildlife and nature's space and harming the environment. Industrialisation, urbanisation, population growth, and globalisation have affected people and the environment. This study aims to investigate the environmental and sustainable development-focussed policies to address the pollution catastrophe. The study is a content analysis of prominent online newspaper media reports from January 1, 2020, to November 30, 2022, on legal, environmental, and sustainable issues to reduce pollution and advocate an Indian environmental and sustainable development policy. Since pollution and environmental degradation pose significant threat to humanity, ecosystems, and sustainable living are at risk. Despite national and international legislative and regulatory actions, the environment remains a significant issue. An environmental strategy that encourages sustainable development for future generations is the need of the times. It was found that there were legal and environmental offenses, the management of unscientific treatment procedures, the lack of fundamental education about existing court orders, and fatality-induced health problems. Therefore, India needs an environmental and sustainable development policy to limit environmental concerns' fatality and protect the earth from pollution. 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. -
Environmental Applications of Green Engineered Copper Nanoparticles
Naturally engineered nanomaterials in recent times have myriad potential in different fields. Moreover, green derived nanoparticles (NPs) encourage broader implementation for wider applications. Amongst many metals, copper and its oxide-based nanoparticles (CuONPs) have increased utmost consideration owing to its specific characteristics, abundance, and cost-effectiveness. Major setback of chem-ical and physical methods of synthesising CuONPs involves high cost along with environmental hazards. Aforementioned challenge compelled researchers to explore green synthesised CuONPs that is much cheaper, efficient, economically beneficial, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Existing plant-based CuONPs have potential efficiency to enhance the toxic effects against the plant pathogens and combating environmental pollution through bioremediation. Several extracts of plant derivatives have been used for the synthesis of CuONPs such as Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera, Tamarindus indica, Eclipta prostrate, Olea europaea, etc. Microbes as cell factories are more efficiently used as NPs compared to larger plants such as, green algae Botryococcus braunii, brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera, Bifurcaria bifurcate etc. Bio-based CuONPs have been applied in numerous fields such as pharmaceutical, molecular biology, bioremediation, cosmetics, textiles etc. Several of them also employed in dye degradation, water treatment, food preser-vation, Photovoltaic devices, solar energy conversions, and field emission emitters. However, as in clinical setup due to their efficacy these are exclusively used as anti-cancer, antimicrobial agents. Further, their high antioxidant potential renders them as an invaluable tool for biomedical devices. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Environmental applications of microbial fuel cells
The world is facing an energy crisis for non-renewable resources for the last decade. Hence, there is a search for highly efficient energy transformation techniques which utilizes alternate renewable energy sources. One such renewable energy production technology is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) based on dynamic organisms like microbes. MFCs allow producing electricity using renewable organic waste through microbial cellular respiration, which helps in reducing the carbon footprint as well as the environmental pollution. MFCs can also be used in metal recovery by bio electrochemical recovery, because metal ions can be reduced and deposited on an electrode by bacteria, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Microbial carbon capture cells are advancements to MFC, where algal biomass provides oxygen for cathodic reduction in the cathodic chamber and is ideally considered as the plausible technologies to tackle the ever-increasing problem of global warming and increased CO2 concentration. The MFCs find application in environmental remediation with respect to harmful organic pollutants by neutralizing/degrading contaminated water and soil. The harmful organic pollutants that can be neutralized include organic dyes, pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, phenolic nitro phenolic compounds, and many others. This gives a long-term solution for pollutant degradation that is also environmentally acceptable. MFC-based biosensors have recently emerged as the next-generation biosensing technique for environmental monitoring. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Environmental Concern in TPB Model for Sustainable IT Adoption
Rapid advancement in technology and continuous environmental degradation has attracted the attention of practitioners toward sustainable solutions. This study aims to investigate educated millennial beliefs and behavior toward sustainable IT practices. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model deployed in the study was extended through perceived environmental responsibility. A survey was conducted to examine the sustainable IT adoption behavior of millennial in the National Capital Region, Delhi India. Variance based partial least square structure equation modeling was employed to evaluate the hypothesized model. Findings of the study confirm environmental concern (ER) a precursor for attitude (ATT), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and subjective norm (SN). Further, there is a significant positive influence of ATT, PBC, and SN on the adoption intention of sustainable IT practices, followed by the effect of adoption intention on actual adoption behavior. Study disseminates valuable insights to policymakers and marketers to formulate strategies and policies to attain sustainability through sustainable IT practices. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Environmental cost of food wastage: Integrated response through a mix of environmental policy instruments
Food, when wasted, reaches landfills and emits greenhouse gases. The impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs), in turn, is felt by even those who do not waste food in the place. Externalities thus created are known to distort market efficiency and the most widely discussed externality is climate change. This study takes the case of United States of America (USA) to ascertain the GHGs resulting due to food wastage. The difference between cost per capita due to emissions from animal-based products and emissions from plant-based products comes out to be $122. In the year 1997 total GHG emission for the entire population of the USA due to food wastage was 401.98 billion kgCO2eq, costing the country 45.42 billion US dollars. Two decades later, in 2017, the food waste costs went up by 6 billion US dollars amounting to 51.14 billion US dollars and 452.64 billion kgCO2eq of GHG emissions The novelty of this research lies in highlighting the carbon footprints of food wastage in terms of GHG's and monetizing these emissions. The study proposes an integrated response through a mix of environmental policy instruments of economic incentives, command and control and moral suasion. 2023 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Environmental degradation in geopolitical risk and uncertainty contexts for India: A comparison of ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, and load capacity factor
This study assesses the role of geopolitical risk and uncertainty in the degradation of the environment by forming the functions for ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, and load capacity factor for the period 19902019 in India. Besides, the specified function endogenizes economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and natural resource rent as the additional covariates. The use of the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) confirms the long-run relationship between study variables. Further, the dynamic simulations of the autoregressive distributed lag model (DYNARDL) outcomes show that geopolitical risk improves the quality of the environment by reducing the ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. However, it degrades the environment by reducing the load capacity factor. Furthermore, the uncertainty improves the environmental quality by reducing the CO2 emissions and ecological footprint, but the reduced load capacity factor due to uncertainty implies the degradation of environmental quality in India. Given these findings, the study proposes different environmental conservation policies. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Environmental hazards and disasters - A response towards mitigating disaster management
In today's world, our entire planet is under tremendous strain from various natural catastrophic events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, drastic weather changes, hurricanes, global warming, diminishing of glaciers, occurrences of landslides, etc. Such a difficult situation is encountered due to the overhasty extraction of non-renewable natural resources of our planet and the growing rate of presence of humans in the world. It affects the environment to a great extent. Such ventures lead the entire globe towards disastrous events which are irreversible and prepare us to face the worst situation. Hence, the policymakers should develop sophisticated policies focused on advanced disaster management technologies and adopt new methodologies. Several integrated research on disaster prevention programs is already being conducted, even though continuous exploration in this field aligned with all possible consequences is very important. The conclusions and suggestions from research papers will be carefully analyzed to drive the most effective approach to handling such atrocious situations. 2023 Author(s). -
ENVIRONMENTAL JURISPRUDENCE IN INDIA: A JOURNEY TOWARDS ATTAINING ECO-CENTRIC IDEALS
Environmental Law has had a long, arduous journey in India, but has been able to keep up with the many changes that have taken place, around the globe, and has helped shape India's environmental legal regime. By tracing the growth of environmental law, through different ages, and by highlighting some of those factors, which have contributed immensely to its growth, the idea is to identify certain false grounds and figure out ways to make environmental law more effective. By looking at it through a sociocultural lens, the aim is to examine as to whether culture, tradition and rituals can be imbibed into law or given a legal recognition, and thereby giving more power to law. The development of Earth Jurisprudence principles and the way in which it is sought to be imbibed in India and the challenges that it faces too are discussed. 2022 Universitat Rovira i Virgili. All right reserved. -
Environmental Management: Pragmatic Suitability of Low Cost Activated Carbon in Lead (II)Ion Removal by Continuous Mode of Adsorption
Heavy metals such as chromium, lead, and arsenic are usually present in trace amounts in natural waters but many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. An increasing quantity of heavy metals in our resources is currently an area of greater concern, especially since a large number of industries are discharging their metal containing effluents into freshwater without any adequate treatment. Activated carbons show a significant ability in removing heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution by adsorption, which has been examined by many researchers. Activated carbon derived from Manilkarazapota tree-wood (MZTWAC), which was found to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of lead ions through continuous adsorption mode, was examined in this paper. A breakthrough curve has been plotted to find the effect of initial concentration and adsorbent bed height in the adsorption of lead (II)ion through MZTWAC. The breakthrough time and the saturation time increased as the initial concentration increased from 40 mg.L-1 to 60 mg.L-1. The saturation time was in the incremental mode when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 7 cm bed thickness for 40 mg.L-1 concentration. Adams-Boharts model perfectly fits with this fixed-bed column in the removal of lead(II) from an aqueous solution using MZTWAC. Activated carbon derived from MZTWAC is better suited for the purpose of detoxifying metal-contaminated wastewater. 2021 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved. -
Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health
Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs. Specifically, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), heavy metals, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through various mechanisms. PM2.5 exposure leads to inflammation and metabolic disruptions. Ozone and CO exposure induce oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. NO2 exposure contributes to cardiac remodeling and acute cardiovascular events, and sulfur dioxide and heavy metals exacerbate oxidative stress and cellular damage. Pesticides and microplastics pose emerging risks linked to inflammation and cardiovascular tissue damage. Monitoring and risk assessment play a crucial role in identifying vulnerable populations and assessing pollutant impacts, considering factors like age, gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle disorders. This review explores the impact of cardiovascular disease, discussing risk-assessment methods, intervention strategies, and the challenges clinicians face in addressing pollutant-induced cardiovascular diseases. It calls for stronger regulatory policies, public health interventions, and green urban planning. 2025 by the authors.