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Harnessing Machine Learning for Mental Health: A Study on Classifying Depression-Related Social Media Posts
This study is of particular relevance in the way it identifies depression-related content on social media using a machine learning model to classify posts and comments. This dataset, encompassing around 6500 entries from various platforms including Facebook, was rigorously annotated by four proficient English-speaking undergraduate students together with the final label which is established via majority voting. Data Preprocessing, initial cleaning, normalization and TF-IDF feature creation through vectorization for the output of POS tags. The different machine learning models that were trained and tested are Logistic Regression, Random Forest, SVM (Support Vector Machine), Naive Bayes Gradient Boosting Algorithm K-NN (K nearest Neighbors) AdaBoost Decision Tree. Authors evaluated the models and measured their accuracy, precision score, recall rate (also known as sensitivity) in addition to F1-score. Gradient Boost, Random Forest, and SVM were top performers among which Gradient boosting was found to be an overall best one with almost 98.5%. They show that machine learning model can successfully predict the label of social media posts, as a way for accurately identifying depression from text data. This detailed model performance evaluation is useful in understanding what each approach does well and poorly, shedding light into whether they are / would be actually suitable for real-world applications. This study not only developed discriminative classifiers, but also included detailed analysis of their performance which should hopefully guide future work and help in practical implementations for real-time mental health monitoring. Through this work, this study aim to facilitate timely identification of depression-related posts, ultimately supporting mental health awareness and intervention efforts on social media platforms. 2024 IEEE. -
Harnessing Medical Databases and Data Mining in the Big Data Era: Advancements and Applications in Healthcare
In the contemporary period of Big Data, the healthcare industry is witnessing a transformative paradigm shift, propelled by the convergence of medical databases and data mining technology. This research paper delves into the multifaceted application of this synergy, offering a comprehensive overview of its implications and opportunities. With the exponential growth of healthcare data, the utilisation of medical databases serves as the bedrock for data mining techniques, fostering critical advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Through this research, we explore the integration of electronic health records, genomic data, and clinical databases, unveiling new dimensions of predictive analytics, patient profiling, and disease monitoring. Moreover, we assess the ethical and privacy concerns entailed in this data-rich landscape, emphasising the need for robust governance and security measures. Our paper encapsulates the evolving landscape of health care, demonstrating the immense potential and the ethical responsibilities accompanying this groundbreaking merger of technology and medicine in the period of Big Data. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Harnessing nanotechnology applications and solutions for environmental and climate protection-an overview
Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has drawn considerable interest from environmentalists. Numerous nano techniques identify Nanotechnology applications as having the potential for imperative advantages and innovation. This work offers a wide-overview of the main beliefs that strengthen s nanotechnology. We focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology for environmental protection and management by thoroughly reviewing past literature. To our understanding, this is an academic, peer-reviewed work to deliver a systematic review of nano-activities in the areas of environmental and climate protection. Our study has been systematically arranged into two different groups (1) Potential applications of nanotechnology in r environmental protection and (2) The best part of Nanotechnology that combats Climate Change. For each of these cases, our contribution is twofold: First, in identifying the technical ways by which nanotechnology can solve environmental risks, and secondly, in briefly presenting its potential advantages. The paper ends with deliberation of challenges and operational barriers that technology needs to overcome to prove its commercial viability and for being adopted for commercial use. 2021 Author(s). -
Harnessing Technology for a Sustainable Future in Finance: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Promoting Environmental Responsibility
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into sustainable finance has become a focal point in recent years, propelled by global concerns about the environment and the pressing need for sustainable development. AI technologies, equipped with advanced capabilities, offer significant opportunities to address challenges faced by financial institutions, investors, and policymakers, ushering in the prospect of a more sustainable and inclusive economy. AI's applications in sustainable finance cover diverse areas such as environmental risk assessment, green investment analysis, climate change modeling, and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. By leveraging advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms, AI empowers financial institutions to assess environmental risks associated with investments and portfolios, identifying climate-related opportunities and seamlessly integrating ESG factors into decision-making processes. Furthermore, AI-driven technologies streamline the collection, processing, and analysis of extensive data from varied sources, facilitating precise and timely sustainability reporting. These technologies contribute to identifying sustainable investment trends and play a crucial role in monitoring the progress of sustainability initiatives. AI algorithms also aid in crafting predictive models for climate-related events, assisting investors and policymakers in evaluating the long-term financial implications of climate change and formulating effective mitigation strategies. While the adoption of AI in sustainable finance offers immense potential, it is not without challenges and risks. Ethical considerations, data quality and biases, transparency, and the interpretability of AI models are among the key concerns that require careful attention. Additionally, the establishment of regulatory frameworks and industry standards is essential to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI technologies in finance. In spite of these challenges, the integration of AI in sustainable finance holds great promise for expediting the transition towards a greener and more sustainable future. It empowers stakeholders to make well-informed decisions, advocates for responsible investment practices, and contributes significantly to the attainment of global sustainability goals. By harnessing the capabilities of AI, financial institutions and policymakers can unlock new opportunities, mitigate risks, and cultivate a financial system that is not only sustainable but also resilient. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Harnessing technology for mitigating water woes in the city of Bengaluru
Industrialization has caused most of the world's environmental problems like climate change, water security issues, biodiversity issues among others. Water-related issues like water scarcity, lack of water quality, water sanitation issues, lack of proper water resources management are some of them. Urbanization, population increase, pollution has led to an increase in water demand. Water being the elixir of life, is essential for the day-to-day living of an individual. The Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies like AI, IoT, Blockchain, Machine Learning have the capability of bringing solutions to these issues. The current study focuses on the water woes of Bengaluru, a fast-growing urban city, due to its migrating population. The woes are also due to the irresponsible behaviour of builders converting lakes into real estate infrastructure leading to clogged drains, excess sewage creation and flooding. A huge mismatch between demand and supply of water is created due to these issues. Before the city hits the Day Zero - no water day, it is significant to set up water infrastructure along with technology implementation which will help resolve this burning issue at the earliest. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Harnessing technology for mitigating water woes in the city of Bengaluru /
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol.1427, pp.1-12, ISSN No: 1742-6596. -
Harnessing the Power of Big Data Analytics to Transform Supply Chain Management
The study aims to conduct a systematic literature review and bibliography analysis to explore the role of big data analytics in transforming supply chain management. The systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines extended into a three-phase approach. The articles were reviewed from different databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and ABDC. 239 articles were reviewed through abstract screening, and 191 articles were finally selected after full-text screening. The results of the analysis reflected the publication trend from January 2011 to January 2024, keyword analysis, co-citation and network analysis, and theme identification from the domain. Moreover, the study theoretically contributes by suggesting growing trends in the field of supply chain management, and the managerial implications of the study suggest the benefits of implementing big data analytics in supply chain management. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Harnessing the Power of Climate Activism: Insights from Psychological Perspectives on Climate Change EngagementA Systematic Review
Scientific evidence has validated the inevitability of global warming and its effect in the form of climate change. There has been an increase in climate strikes and other forms of climate activism in recent years. It is important to understand the research landscape in psychological literature with regards to climate change and climate activism, to help guide future researchers. The databases of PubMed (Keywords: climate activism, climate change, psychology, n?=?1), Google Scholar (Keywords?=?climate activism, climate change, psychology, n?=?200) and Scopus database (Keywords: climate activism AND climate change AND psychology, n?=?160) were searched to create the pool of research documents. This was further filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the first section of this article, we have tried to explore the temporal and geographic growth trends of climate change research and collaborations using R (Bibliometric package). In the second section, we have used a text-mining approach to identify the research topics being explored in the climate change literature. R package tm along with associated packages were used to do the processing and subsequent grouping of the themes. In order to refine the classification the identified groupings were supervised by the authors. The final documents have been scoured to extract an overall understanding of the existing concepts explored so far and gauge their impact in the realm of climate change research. This systematic study casts light on the psychological views on climate activism and offers insightful information about the underlying causes that affect peoples involvement in the fight and struggle against climate change. The creation of more effective techniques for encouraging climate activism and utilizing its capacity to inspire significant action to address climate change can be influenced by an understanding of these elements. In order to address the complex issues of climate change, this chapter emphasizes the value of multidisciplinary collaboration amongst psychologists, policymakers, educators, and activists. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Harnessing the Power of Simulation Games for Effective Teaching in Business Schools
This research delves into the effectiveness of simulation games, in business education specifically focusing on how they improve decision making skills, critical thinking, real world business applications, student engagement and problem-solving abilities. While simulation games are widely recognized as cutting edge tools that provide learning experiences beyond traditional methods there remains a gap in empirical research assessing their overall impact on educational outcomes. Using a combination of analysis and qualitative case studies this study seeks to address this gap by examining how simulation games influence factors in business education. The methodology involves using a one-way ANOVA to compare learning outcomes across business disciplines and conducting detailed case studies for context. The results reveal effects of integrating simulation games into curricula on the mentioned learning outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating simulation games into business education to enhance students learning experiences effectively. By offering insights on optimizing and tailoring the use of simulation games in education settings this study contributes to improving teaching practices in business schools and encourages research into the interaction, between educational technology and learning efficacy. 2024 IEEE. -
Harnessing transformational technologies for a sustainable future: A regenerative approach to green economy and tourism development
This chapter proposes to understand the prospects of smart technologies that can transform tourism destinations and instigate regenerative development process. Bio-based resource consumption and technology-driven practices aimed for better sustainable development have been the need of the era. This study emphasizes the theory of regenerative tourism, which attempts to preserve and improve a destination's natural and cultural resources while contributing to the socio-economic development of the host communities. It examines how transformational technologies, like smart infrastructure, big data analytics and renewable energy systems, could assist the tourism industry achieve the transition to a green economy. This chapter illustrates the benefits and problems of integrating such technologies into the tourism infrastructure of a destination. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of cooperation among stakeholders and policymakers and examines the possible environmental, social and economic implications of using a regenerative approach to tourism. The results of this study contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on the development of sustainable tourism and shed light on the transformative potential of technology in creating a more sustainable and resilient future. 2024 Alhamzah Alnoor, G Erkol Bayram, Chew XinYing and Syed Haider Ali Shah. All rights reserved. -
Harnessing transition metal oxide?carbon heterostructures: Pioneering electrocatalysts for energy systems and other applications
Exponential demand for energy resources and fossil fuel substitution with green alternatives are essential to bringing sustainable development and a solution to the energy crisis. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) and their composites (TMOCs) as promising electrocatalysts to develop potential energy conversion and storage devices contribute to the solution to this crisis. The productivity of green fuels such as hydrogen from water-splitting reactions, the efficiency of energy storage and harvesting devices including supercapacitors and batteries, and the performance of electrochemical sensors can be remarkably enhanced with TMOs and their composites. Excellent electrochemical attributes, stability, abundant reserves, low cost, environment-friendly, and low toxicity make TMOs and their composites an excellent choice. The tunability of the physical and chemical properties of TMOs makes them attractive for research in designing different energy storage devices. This review presents a concise overview of the unique physical and electrochemical aspects of various TMOs and TMOCs, such as spinels, perovskites, and TMO-integrated carbon-based compounds, and their relevance for specific applications, emphasizing energy-related fields. The recent research advancements of TMOs-based functional materials for emerging applications, such as water splitting, fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries, and sensing, are discussed. This review also highlights the advantageous properties and pertinent fabrication methods of TMOs and TMOCs for electrocatalysis, along with the methods to enhance their electrocatalytic abilities, which improve the overall efficiency of the desired applications. 2024 -
Has Indias Employment Guarantee Program Achieved Intended Targets?
This paper explores the performance of the worlds largest employment guarantee program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemes in India, both nationally and through a sub-national-level comparison based on key performance indicators viz. (i) financial indicators, (ii) physical performance indicators, and (iii) inclusiveness indicators. The paper is based on administrative data taken from the Ministry of Rural Development from 2006 to 2019. Despite sharp increases in fund allocation, total expenditures, and utilization rates, there was deceleration in majority of physical performance indicators after 2016, including total person-days employment and person-days of employment per household, with wide variation in sub-national level implementation capabilities. The finding also rejects the falsity of saturation of MGNREGA work in the rural areas, which is reflected in a strong positive correlation between fund allocation and employment generation. Its broader objective of social safety net for vulnerable people in rural areas shows an achievement, although with some gaps in implementation. JEL classification: H53, J43, P25 The Author(s) 2021. -
Hazard identification of endocrine-disrupting carcinogens (EDCs) in relation to cancers in humans
Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
HCI Authentication to Prevent Internal Threats in Cloud Computing
Cloud computing reduces physical resources and simplifies common management tasks. Over the past decade, cloud computing has become an important IT (information technology) industry, driving cost savings, flexibility, convenience, and scalability. Despite these advantages, many government organizations and companies are still cautious about using cloud computing. They continue to believe that the threats inherent in cloud computing technology are greater and deadly than traditional technologies. Cloud computing security threats typically include insider attacks, malware attacks, information leaks and losses, distributed denial of service, and application programming interface vulnerability attacks. Technical security improvements for virtual networks are actively researched, and many are working hard. But defending against internal attackers is more than just a technical solution but a complement to manuals and company policy. In reality, however, there are cases of damage by internal attackers, and the damage is getting bigger. Technically malicious internal attackers can relatively easily manipulate the control system and cause malfunctions. This paper provides comprehensive information about security threats in cloud computing, shows the severity of attacks by insiders, analyzes the latest authentication technologies for humancomputer interaction, and identifies the pros and cons. This shows how HCI (humancomputer interaction) technology can be applied to cloud computing management servers. The result is an innovative security certification model that can be applied. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Health Care Still a Costly Affair: Covariates of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Health Care in India with Special Reference to Empowered Action Group States
This article investigates the covariates of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on health care, with a special focus on the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. These states are economically weaker and vulnerable. For analysis, the study uses a nationally representative databasethe India Human Development Survey (IHDS I, 20042005 and IHDS II, 20112012)by applying the log-linear regression method. Four regression models have been specified in the article. The pooled regression method is applied to check the robustness of the models. Results identify that factors such as the location of the respondent, education, waiting time in hospitals, household expenditure per capita and the location of the hospital play a significant role in determining the OOPE on health care in India. Among other factors, waiting time in the hospital and the distant treatment location result in higher opportunity costs for better treatment facilities, hence increasing the burden on OOPE. The study concludes with suggestions based on these covariates, especially for the EAG states. 2024 Indian Institute of Health Management Research. -
Health diagnosis of mango trees using image processing techniques
A Mango disease detection artificial intelligent model needs robust and effective newlinefeature extraction methods. The machine vision system has been designed for the newlineidentification of disease in plants from color leaf images. The research done proposes newlinenovel algorithms to extract color features Pseudo Color Regions and Texture Features newlineusing Pseudo Color Co-Occurrence Matrix. A new Mango dataset has been created and newlinealgorithms tested on it. An artificial intelligence model has also been created and tested on an existing disease dataset of Apple and Tomato plants. Results were compared with existing methods in the literature. The effectiveness of each statistical function was studied in classifying the pattern using a Support Vector Machine. For textures that are newlinedifferent like smooth new leaves, dry leaves, growth a Gray Level Co-occurrence based newlinestatistics was effective but values failed to discriminate in certain diseases. The proposed and implemented novel method which uses second-order statistics on a pseudo-color-based co-occurrence matrix has resulted in better classification. Pseudo Color Region feature is created using a novel intermediate data structure and found to be more effective than hue-based color features. It identifies dots, spots, patches and regions of different colors on the leaf and uses that as a feature vector to classify plant diseases. This generic method can be applied for early disease detection for plants and help farmers take corrective measures to avoid loss of yield. -
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Health Expenditure in Puducherry (U.T) A Study using National Health Accounts Framework
With the start of globalization, the Indian economy started experiencing a sudden growth and with the boom of various sector in the economy, the employment opportunity, income as standard of living started increasing. With the increase standard of living, there is an increase in demand for health care services. Health care plays an important role in the lives of the people. With government being welfare oriented every year the investment in health care increases and the private contribution to the health care sector is increasing at a higher pace. This study aims: (1) To quantify the extent of household expenditure on health by household characteristics in Puducherry; (2) To track the flow of resources in Health sector from different sources and present them in the form of accounting principles and (3) To develop a matrice format which facilitates the user to understand the sources of finances and uses of such finances on different item of expenditure. A primary data survey was conducted to capture the picture of household expenditure and the National Health Account matrices framework as prescribed by WHO was used in developing the health accounts matrices. The finding shows that majority of the household expenditure is made in purchasing medicine and other goods from the retail sector. Bulk of the spending is made in curative services. The expenditure flows to retail sale of medicines and drugs seems to be the major provider of services to the community. Households are the prominent sources for spending on health care. Out of the household surveyed only 2 to 3 per cent of the population would opt for health insurance. The present expenditure pattern seems to be shying away from other crucial functional elements of health care like Primary health care, Prevention of diseases, Public health and Promotive care. The study also finds a need to increase the awareness of Health insurance among the public and the need for more investment in health infrastructure as well as training of health personnel. -
HEALTH EXPENDITURES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE BALTIC REGION
In Central Europe and the Baltic region, healthcare expenditure has been growing slightly faster than across the euro area and in OECD countries. However, health outcomes as regards chronic diseases prove to be modest in the euro area and OECD countries compared to Central Europe and the Baltic region. Panel data analysis and country-specific regressions were conducted using World Bank data spanning from 2000 to 2019. Evidence suggests a significant correlation between private and current health expenditures and reduced mortality from chronic diseases in males, females and the total population across the panel, leading to improved longevity. Yet, public health expenditure does not correlate with a substantial reduction in mortality or a higher lifespan among the population, whether considered collectively or among males and females separately. Similarly, an increase in current health expenditure by one unit leads to significant reductions in mortality from non-communicable diseases: by 29 percent in the total population, 22 percent in females and 36 percent in males. Public health spending in Lithuania and Russia has been shown to decrease mortality from non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, chronic mortality is associated with a significant decline in labour productivity: by 42 percent in the total population, 40 percent in males and 45 percent in females. Therefore, interventions implemented through public health systems may reduce mortality from chronic conditions in the study countries. (2023), (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University). All Rights Reserved. -
Health informatics and its contribution to health sectors
In most developed countries, healthcare sectors take more than 10% of the GDP, and it is one of the most significant and most rapidly growing sectors globally. With such growth of the healthcare department, data management becomes challenging; a robust platform helps to address these challenges. Health Informatics (HI) is an upcoming development, an interdisciplinary field in healthcare sectors; it combines the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare software, which helps boost the overall operational efficiency of the healthcare departments. These AI algorithms integrated into IoT devices help acquire, store, retrieve, and use health and medical-related data. Patient data are enormous in healthcare sectors, and it is required for various purposes by hospital administrators, insurance agents, doctors, nurses, and other health departments. Accessing and managing these datasets often becomes challenging; HI is one of those innovations that has helped address these challenges to a large extent. The chapter discusses informatics, related definitions, HI, and its relation with other disciplines. The chapter also provides an educational overview of the evolution of HI, different HI technologies, benefits and challenges of HI to its various stakeholders. It ends with some thoughts on HI's future growth. The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2023. All rights reserved.