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Nonlinear analysis of the effect of viscoelasticity on ferroconvection
Thispaper concerns a nonlinear analysis of the effects of viscoelasticity on convection in ferroliquids. We consider the Oldroyd model for the constitutive equation of the liquid. The linear stability analysis yields the critical value of the Rayleigh number for the onset of oscillatory convection in Maxwell and Jeffrey ferroliquids. The use of a minimal mode double Fourier series in the nonlinear perturbation equations yields a KhayatLorenz model for the ferromagnetic liquid, and that is scaled further to get the classical Lorenz model as a limiting case. The scaled KhayatLorenz model thus obtained is solved numerically and the solution is used to compute the time-dependent Nusselt number, which quantifies the heat transport. The results are analyzed for the dependence of the time-averaged Nusselt number on different parameters. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Sustainability of Indian tourism in backdrop of COVID-19
The Indian tourism and travel industry is one of the fastest growing industry. According to WTTC (2019), India ranked 10th among 185 countries in terms of travel & tourism's having a total contribution to GDP of 6.8% of the total economy, Rs. 13,68,100 crores (US$ 194.30 billion) (www.ibef.org). In the year 2017, The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has declared 2017 as the 'International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development', which underscores tourism's critical role in fostering inclusive growth. Hence, the efforts to achieve sustainability got an impetus and gained much wanted attention. However, everything came to standstill with the onset of Corona Virus Pandemic in November 2019, questioning the survival of the industry itself. The present crisis caused tremendous losses which have resulted in large scale job losses bringing the sustainability in question. This study aims to investigate the state of sustainability of Indian tourism through infrastructure development, environmental degradation, social, economic and cultural impacts on destinations due to this growth in the backdrop of the present COVID pandemic. It is an empirical study of perceptions of tourists to Indian destinations. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and interviews. A total of 520 valid responses were analyzed and results revealed a different scenario. The study concludes with a discussion of the findings and providing a few recommendations to rectify the situation for a sustainable industry and future. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Agency and self expression: Fan writing as life writing
Fans, fandoms and fan activities have been part of every culture from time immemorial. Homers epics, Platos work all could be considered in a broad sense as belonging to the larger domain of fan activity or fan art as they are termed in modern day parlance. This paper examines India Forums a digital fan community based in India for audiences and fans of Indian television soaps/serials and attempts to understand how fanfiction and fan activities within this forum acts as means of self-expression and enable its fans to develop a sense of agency that is indigenous to the space in itself. This community is predominantly populated by women or gender anonymous and function as a space that allow fans to construct their own voices, identities and thereby agency, which is most often restricted to that space alone. The fans though not subaltern, in the technical sense of the term, as they belong to the urban space, have access to a computer and can read, write and speak English although not fluently, are still urban middle-class women who have been spoken for and never spoken themselves; and India Forums enable these unheard voices to be heard. This reading analyses the dynamics of this agential space, the politics of this agency and argues that all fan writing within this space functions as life writing within a hypertextual metaconversational paradigm which is not necessarily reflective of traditional forms of life writing using notions of revisionist Freudian psychoanalysis and paradigms of life writing. AesthetixMS 2021. This Open Access article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License -
Statistical and experimental studies of MoS2/g-C3N4/TiO2: a ternary Z-scheme hybrid composite
Abstract: A ternary photocatalyst, MoS2/g-C3N4/TiO2, was prepared using layered and exfoliated MoS2, g-C3N4, and TiO2 viahydrothermal and wet chemical method. It was characterized using various methods to evaluate the structural, morphological and optical properties. Successful incorporation of g-C3N4 and TiO2into MoS2 was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the formation of heterojunctions among MoS2, g-C3N4 and TiO2 particles was established by transmission electron microscopy. These hybrid composites exhibited excellent efficiency in the degradation of malachite green dye. The composite can be recycled four times without loss of photoactivity. The remarkable improvement in photocatalytic efficiency was because of the synergism among the three nanoparticlesthrough the Z-scheme pathway which allows separation of electronhole pairs and makes MoS2/g-C3N4/TiO2 an outstanding material in the fields of photocatalysis and water treatment. The optimized experimental conditions for the degradation of the dye were assessed by the BoxBehnken design of the response surface methodology. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature. -
Do travel partners influence the emotional experience of tourists at destinations ? A short communication
This short communication is an extract from a major research work on understanding tourists experience and post touring behaviour and this portion intended to highlight the role of travel partners in tourists emotional experience at a destination. Intensive review of literary sources confirmed that this aspect was untapped and lacked research insights. A structured questionnaire containing the statements measuring tourists emotional experience and travel partners was floated to 400 tourists using convenient sampling technique. The data collection instrument also had questions on tourists personal factors. Sample size was rounded to 370 after removing the illegible responses. A multivariate analysis approach was employed to test whether travel partners influenced tourists emotional experience at a destination. The findings revealed that the emotional aspects such as pleasantness, excitement, calmness, happiness, energetic, friendly, and surprising were influenced by the tourists travel partners. 2021, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Magneto-thermal-convection stability in an inclined cylindrical annulus filled with a molten metal
Purpose: Metal-cooled reactors generally use molten metals such as sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium because of their excellent heat transfer properties so that the reactor can operate at much lower pressures and higher temperatures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of natural convection in an inclined ring filled with molten potassium under the influence of a radial magnetism. Design/methodology/approach: A numerical simulation of electrically conductive fluid natural convection stability is performed on an inclined cylindrical annulus under the influence of a radial magnetism. The upper and lower walls are adiabatic, while the internal and external cylinders are kept at even temperatures. The equations governing this fluid system are solved numerically using finite volume method. The SIMPLER algorithm is used for pressure-speed coupling in the momentum equation. Findings: Numerical results for various effective parameters that solve the problem in the initial oscillatory state are discussed in terms of isobars, isotherms and flow lines in the annulus for a wide range of Hartmann numbers (0 ? Ha ? 80), inclination angles (0 ? ? ? 90) and radii ratios ? ? 6. The dependency stability diagrams between complicated situations with the critical value of the Rayleigh number RaCr and the corresponding frequency FrCr are established on the basis of the numeric data of this investigation. The angle of inclination and the radii ratio of the annulus have a significant effect on the stabilization of the magneto-convective flux and show that the best stabilization of the natural oscillatory convection is obtained by the intensity of the strongest magnetic field, the high radii ratio and inclination of the annulus at ? = 30. Practical implications: This numerical model is selected for its various applications in technology and industry. Originality/value: To the best of the authors knowledge, the influence of the inclination of the cylindrical annulus (ring), with various radii ratio, on natural oscillatory convection under a radial magnetism has never been investigated. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
GST and its Impact on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises - A Study of Peenya Industrial Area in Banglaore, Karnataka
The introduction of Goods and Service Tax on 1st July, 2017 has revamped the tax structure and carved out a new path for the Indian economy. The new tax regime was envisioned to be free of all the problems of the previous tax system but, however since its proposal it has received mixed reviews from industries, academia and others. With extensive changes aimed at One Nation One Tax, it has left massive impact on the Small Scale Industries too. Hence this paper critically analyses the impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Small Scale Industries specifically in Karnataka. Existing literature says that GST shall reduce the cost of doing business, increases transparency, decreases prices of product, increase tax compliance and improve ease of doing business. This paper proves some of these assertions through a primary data research and further identifies the need of reforms with respect to separation of definition of job work and labour work, penalties for non-payment of GST, dual administration and issues pending from the previous tax regime. It has also clearly established that composition scheme has been a non-performer and the reverse charge mechanism must be re-introduced later or revamped to balance its costs and benefits. Thus the study has implications for policy makers, industries and academia and also provides a better understanding of the new tax system itself. 2021 Lichchavi Harishekar et al., published by Sciendo 2021. -
Quality of Drinking Water and Sanitation in India
Wide disparity exists in access to drinking water across social groups in rural and urban India. This article shows that the economically weaker sections or the lower quintile class does not have access to water within the premises both in rural and urban areas. This indicates that low income or wealth would mean poor access to basic amenities for households. Similarly, access to toilets and incidence of open defaecation reflect social disparities. The regression results show that an increase in the household income increases the predicted probability of maintaining an exclusive latrine. Further, compared to the General Category, the Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes have a lower probability of constructing an exclusive latrine facility, in the rural and urban areas. 2021 Institute for Human Development. -
Bromelain enhances digestibility of Spirulina-based fish feed
Microalgae like Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) are protein rich and can be alternative protein sources to fishmeal and soybean meal in fish feed formulation. The present study aims to improve the protein bioavailability of Spirulina by cost-effective protein extraction followed by protease supplementation in fish feed, using in vitro studies. Different extraction procedures such as microwave-assisted, high pressure, and temperature-mediated extraction, boiling and an isoelectric precipitation were employed to study the protein yield from Spirulina powder, and this was compared with the conventional soybean meal and fishmeal conditioning during feed manufacture. Bromelain is a potent protease that has not been widely used as a feed additive with Spirulina. To study the comparative efficiency of bromelain and other proteases like papain and trypsin on Spirulina and conventional feed substrates, a protease assay was performed at different temperatures and enzyme concentrations. The digestibility of these substrates was also studied in vitro, using gut extracts from the fingerlings of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Unlike an in vivo feeding trial, a novel method was used to study the effect of protease supplementation on the inherent digestibility of the gut with an in vitro method. Bromelain showed the highest activity on all the substrates at both the temperatures. Bromelain supplementation improved the in vitro digestibility of the Spirulina that were subjected to protein extraction, more than the un-extracted one. The results of the present in vitro study suggest that Spirulina could serve as an alternative protein source, and bromelain-based supplementation could improve the digestibility of Spirulina-based fish diets. 2021, Springer Nature B.V. -
Quadratic convective transport of Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanoliquid with Hall current, variable suction, and exponential heat source
The time-dependent slip flow and heat transport of the Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid through a vertical permeable plate with Hall current and variable suction is investigated. An exponential heat source and quadratic convection effects are considered. The dimensionless governing equations are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method. The graph of variation of the different flow fields with respect to the distance from the plate is drawn for the analysis. It is established that the exponential heat source aspect increased the temperature profile while the quadratic convection aspect decreased the temperature profile. The applied magnetic field and nonlinear convection aspects reduce the axial velocity field. The quadratic convection and exponential space-dependent heat source phenomena are favorable to friction factors. Furthermore, the global heat transfer is increased in the presence of an exponential space dependent heat source and hybrid nanoparticles. 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
Study on academics and stress during Covid-19 outbreak
The objectives of the study were to identify and analyze the leading causes of academic stress that may have significant effects on the success and well-being of students and explore the significant sources of stress among students during their studies during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study was also conducted to understand if their gender-wise differences on the basis of academic stress reported. The sample consisted of 100 students and 15 sources of stress divided into three categories: relations with other people, personal factors, and academic factors. results show the academic sources of stress appeared to be the most stressful for all the students due to the pressure originated from the course overloads and the academic evaluation procedures. The findings from this study may be useful for further research on how these potential sources of stress influence the performance and the health of the students. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Significance of exponential space-based heat source and inclined magnetic field on heat transfer of hybrid nanoliquid with homogeneousheterogeneous chemical reactions
Many chemical reactive methods, like combustion, catalysis, and biochemical involve homogeneousheterogeneous chemical reaction(HHCR). The collaboration amongthe heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions is exceedingly multifarious, including the creation and depletion both within the liquid and catalytic surfaces. Here, we observe the influences of Cuand Al2O3nanoparticles past an elongating sheet under HHCR. An inclined magnetic field with an acute angle is applied to the direction of the flow. Further, radiative heat, temperature, and exponential space-based heat source aspects are modifying the thermal equation. The governing nonlinear equations are deciphered by utilizing the RungeKutta-based shooting method. It is found that HHCRreduces the solute layer thickness, whereas the increase in the angle of inclination of applied magnetism thickens momentum layer thickness. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Statistical features from frame aggregation and differences for human gait recognition
Human gait recognition, an alternate biometric technique, received significant attention in the last decade. As many gait recognition applications require real-time response, the primary concern is to design efficient and straightforward gait features for human recognition. In this work, two novel gait features are proposed. Both features are designed by exploring the dynamic variations of different body parts during a gait cycle. The first feature set is based on one-against-all gait frame differences for person identification. This novel approach divides each frame in a gait cycle to blocks, compute the block sum, and then find the difference of respective block sum between the first frame and the rest. The second feature set is defined on the first-order statistics of the normalized sum of the frames in a cycle. Two other existing features- Centroid of Silhouette frames and feature values defined on Change Energy Images are also considered. Feature level fusion is realized by considering the different combinations of the four types of features. Experiments carried out with the CASIA Gait Dataset B demonstrated the proposals merit with high recognition accuracy. The outcome of the investigations is promising when compared to recent contributions. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature. -
The effect of servant leadership on ad hoc schoolteachers affective commitment and psychological well-being: The mediating role of psychological capital
Progress on the fourth United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4), which strives to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education, can only be made with teachers whose levels of job satisfaction and dedication to teaching are high. The authors of this article conducted a survey among ad hoc teachers (also referred to as para teachers) in rural India. The purpose of their study was to find out the extent to which being led by principals who practised a management style termed servant leadership positively impacted respondents affective commitment and psychological well-being. A servant leader seeks to serve by developing the followers selfhood in various relational, ethical, emotional and spiritual contexts. This has the effect of encouraging the followers to become the best version of themselves. Data collection involved the completion of a questionnaire by a sample of 1,120 (840 female, 280 male) para teachers from 17 non-formal community learning centres and 10 schools in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The results of the survey revealed that there is an indirect effect of servant leadership on affective commitment and psychological well-being through a set of three elements, hope, efficacy and resilience, which together amount to a para teachers personal resource of psychological capital. Relying on the findings of their research, the authors suggest that it will be beneficial for Jharkhands Department of Education to implement interventional teacher training programmes which nurture servant leadership among school principals and educational officers and thereby foster psychological capital among para teachers. 2020, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning and Springer Nature B.V. -
Corrosion mitigation performance of disodium EDTA functionalized chitosan biomacromolecule - Experimental and theoretical approach
Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate salt is known for its excellent coordinating properties with the metal ions. The present study deals with the investigation of the prepared Disodium EDTA functionalized chitosan in corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1 M HCl. The modified chitosan was characterized by spectral studies, thermal analysis, and Zeta potential studies. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (%) was evaluated using the gravimetric method and electrochemical studies. The electrochemical studies included potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance methods. The modified chitosan polymer showed an inhibition efficiency of 96.63% for 500 ppm at 303 K. Adsorption process obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Experimental results and theoretical calculations endorsed initial physisorption followed by a chemisorption process. Surface characterization studies supported the formation of a protective film that enabled the inhibition process. Density functional theory, Monte Carlo studies, and molecular dynamics simulation studies show a good agreement with the experimental results. Two-way Analysis of Variance was performed to test the influence of immersion period and inhibitor concentration on the corrosion rate using the statistical software IBM SPSS 20.0. A quartic model was generated as the best fit with the highest R2 value of 0.973. Design Expert software was employed for statistical modeling fit. 2021 -
Customers response to online food delivery services during COVID-19 outbreak using binary logistic regression
This study aims to empirically measure the distinctive characteristics of customers who did and did not order food through Online Food Delivery services (OFDs) during the COVID-19 outbreak in India. Data are collected from 462 OFDs customers. Binary logistic regression is used to examine the respondents characteristics, such as age, patronage frequency before the lockdown, affective and instrumental beliefs, product involvement and the perceived threat, to examine the significant differences between the two categories of OFDs customers. The binary logistic regression concludes that respondents exhibiting high-perceived threat, less product involvement, less perceived benefit on OFDs and less frequency of online food orders are less likely to order food through OFDs. This study provides specific guidelines to create crisis management strategies. 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd -
Aza-Michael addition of 1,2-diazoles to structurally diverse enones: Efficient methods toward ?-amino ketones
An efficient and mild protocol was realized using 1,2-diazoles and related heterocycles with cyclic and acyclic enones in presence of T3P (2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane-2,4,6-trioxide) toward the regioselective formation of N-cycloalkyl heterocycles at room temperature. The developed reaction conditions showcased good selectivity over a wide range of 1,2-diazoles and enones by delivering N-cycloalkyl heterocycles in excellent yields. 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Facile Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Oxide from Cinnamomum camphora
Abstract: This study presents a facile synthesis technique to produce few-layer graphene oxide from Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor L.). Camphor upon carbonization and chemical oxidation leads to the formation of few-layer graphene oxide sheets of around ten layers with a lateral size of 4.14 nm and stacking height of 3.10 nm. AFM and SEM analysis results reveal the wrinkled morphology of the graphene oxide sheets formed. The sharp G band and the relative intensity of the defect to the graphitic band in the Raman spectrum indicate the formation of nanocrystalline graphene oxide sheets with fewer defects. The FTIR spectrum and the deconvoluted C 1s XPS spectrum of graphene oxide synthesized reveal the presence of predominant sp2 hybridized carbon along with carbon bound to various oxygen functionalities. In brief, the formation of high-quality few-layer graphene oxide from an abundant, low-cost, and readily available botanical precursor is herein reported. 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Solution for Fractional KuramotoSivashinsky Equation Using Novel Computational Technique
In this paper, we analyse the nonlinear model describing the different physical and chemical phenomena, namely KuramotoSivashinsky equation. For the fractional KS (FKS) equation the approximated analytical solution is obtained with the help of the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The projected technique is a mixture of Laplace transform and homotopy analysis method. The considered technique offers ?-curves that show convergence range of the obtained series solution. To confirm the efficiency and applicability of the projected scheme, we consider four distinct examples. The numerical study is conducted to authorize the accuracy and reliability of the considered method. Further, natures of the achieved results have been presented for different order. The obtained solution illuminates that, the projected algorithm is very effective and easy to implement to examine the behaviour nonlinear models exist in science and technology. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited part of Springer Nature. -
Impact of lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic on the learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students of Bangalore
Background: The COVID 19 pandemic has created various impacts on every human's life. COVID 19 lockdown has provoked enormous changes in the education sector which in turn influences the student's life in many aspects. The scope of this study is to understand the impact in both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Aim: This study aims at incisively analyzing the impact of lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on graduate students of Bangalore. Method: It is an online survey that encompasses a structural questionnaire with open-ended questions created using Google Forms, which were sent across the students through social media platforms. Results: A total of 115 students from both undergraduate and postgraduate programs have participated in this survey. Simple percentage distribution was estimated to evaluate the pedagogy, opinion on educational decisions, modes of learning, socio-economic conditions, and problems pertaining to academia because of this pandemic. As per this analysis, 80.9% of students faced difficulty due to lockdown. 67% of students thought that their family's income will be affected by this pandemic. 68.7% of students felt stressed, depressed and 52.3% of students could not find a suitable environment in their home to study during this lockdown. When we see this pandemic in an optimistic light, it has created various opportunities such as Digital learning and adoption of new health habits. 2021. RIGEO. All Rights Reserved.