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Conducting polymers: A versatile material for biomedical applications /
ChemistrySelect, Vol.7, Issue 42, ISSN No: 2365-6549.
Conducting polymers (CPs) are organic polymers with metallic conductivity or semiconducting properties which have drawn considerable attention globally. They are versatile materials because of their excellent environmental stability, electrical conductivity, economic importance as well as optical and electronic properties. CPs are interesting because they can be functionalized in several ways and the chemical properties are fine-tuned by incorporating new functionalities, making them more suitable in biomedical and other applications. -
An Interrogation and Analysis of Postmodern 'Self' in Robert Lowell's Sonnet Reading Myself
The interrogation and analysis of Self in Robert Lowell's Sonnet Reading Myself is the research statement. Jean Francois Lyotard proposed the idea of 'Delegitimation' of Grand Narratives in Modern Times (1). This concept of Delegitimation gives power to an individual to narrate her or his Self and gives complete control to have his power. The introspection of self in Robert Lowell's Sonnet is analysed critically in this postmodern sense. It aims at the liberation from the fixed system of beliefs or stereotypical norms of the society in writing a literary piece by analysing the lines of the sonnet in a postmodernist way. Specifically, the Sustainable Development Goal [SDG] of reducing inequality is examined through the poet's self in the paradoxical situation in a postmodern sense. It also questions the paradoxical existence and experiences faced by the poet in his life. The realisation of the self is significant in the present world gives the individual the freedom to create equal space for himself and others in society. The Electrochemical Society -
Intelligent Wearable Electronics: A New Paradigm in Smart Electronics
In the last decade or so, the wearable electronics technology has seen an unprecedented growth which is expected to reach around USD 51.60 billion by the year 2022 with a CAGR of 15.51%. Intelligent wearable electronics is a combination of wide range of technologies like computation, communication, sensors, cloud computing, and display to cite a few. Integration of various technologies resultin systems which are multifunctional along with higher complexity of design presenting a unique challenge for the technologists. With Internet of Things (IoTs) becoming ubiquitous and 5G technologies around the corner, the wearable devices are no longer simple passive systems providing the user limited information, but rather they are multifunctional, powerful, and intelligent devices which make use of complex sensing and signal processing elements along with cloud computing and data analytics to provide real-time data interpretation. In this chapter, we review the recent developments of intelligent wearable electronics (WE) with emphasis on their working principle and design at various levels of abstraction, that includes material, device, and system levels, along with signal processing and communication protocol for external communication. Further, the design and development of smart wearable electronics which involves multivariant problem-solving at various abstraction levels is explained. In addition, we elucidate popular classes of smart wearables like wearable textiles, healthcare wearable electronics, and WE in education. Furthermore, we explore the primary performance constraints of typical WE systems such as battery life (energy), system architecture, communication protocols, and integration with cloud computing to, mention a few. This chapter concludes by elucidating various challenges in developing WE and the future directions of this industry. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Exploring Shopping Opportunities and Elevating Customer Experiences Through AI-Powered E-Commerce Strategies
This research explores the efficacy of clustering algorithms in enhancing customer experiences within the e-commerce landscape. Through experiment trials utilizing K-means and DBSCAN clustering techniques, valuable insights have been gleaned. The trials yielded silhouette scores ranging from 0.55 to 0.72, indicating moderate to good clustering quality across different experiments. In K-means clustering, the number of clusters varied from 3 to 6, with inertia values spanning approximately 722.41456.8. Conversely, DBSCAN clustering resulted in varying cluster numbers, ranging from 2 to 4, contingent on the combinations of epsilon and min_samples values explored. These findings underscore the significance of judiciously selecting clustering algorithms and parameter settings to achieve meaningful segmentation of e-commerce data. Effective utilization of clustering algorithms empowers businesses to discern valuable insights into customer behavior, preferences, and patterns. Consequently, businesses can tailor their strategies to deliver personalized experiences, targeted marketing campaigns, and optimized product recommendations. This research propels the exploration of additional clustering techniques and parameter refinements for enhanced clustering performance in e-commerce applications. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
An empirical analysis of similarity measures for unstructured data /
An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology, Vol.8, Issue 8, pp.3302-3306, ISSN No: 2320-0790. -
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What People Still Get Wrong About
NegotiationsMost executives leave value on the negotiating table, for two main reasons: First, many executives mistakenly believe that they’re negotiating over a fixed pie and that gains for one side necessarily mean losses for the other. Second, they focus exclusively on how to claim value for themselves (by taking as much as they can of that mythical fixed pie) rather than coming up with ways to increase the size of the pie -
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Social Value Creation
The fundamental idea behind CSR is that corporations have duties that go beyond lawful execution of their economic duties (Steiner & Steiner, 2009). The waning hold of states over powerful transnational corporations and the increasing recognition of the potential of corporations to contribute to the welfare needs underline the importance of CSR in contemporary society. It is believed that a good CSR strategy would lead to significant reductions in business risks, including stakeholder, regulatory or marketplace sanctions. India being the first country to make CSR mandatory recognizes the potential of firms to synergize with the state in achieving larger developmental causes. This chapter is an attempt to review the CSR contributions toward public health during COVID-19. This chapter analyses the ways in which corporate social responsibility could contribute toward value creation in society and proposes a community-based convergent model of CSR implementation. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
Context matters: A case study of community development approaches in tribal areas
Tribal development initiatives aim to address aspects of marginality covering educational, occupational, social and political dimensions. A review of literature on the challenges in effective tribal development discusses narrow vision, implementation strategy, the attitude of people involved in the implementation and lack of community participation as hindrances in realising the desired goals. This chapter explores the need to have a context-specific approach to realise the community development goals in tribal areas considering the cultural and economic diversity of Scheduled Tribes in India. A single embedded case study has been used to understand tribal development initiatives in the three project sites, namely Manikgarh, Maharashtra; Bastar, Chhatisgarh and Niravilpuzha, Kerala. All these projects aim at the overall development of the community either through a child-centred approach or through a self-help approach. A constructive outcome-based evaluation model has been used in analysing the developmental approach, and in-depth interviews and FGDs were conducted with the project staff. An attempt has been made to study the impact on direct beneficiaries at micro, meso and macro levels. It explores the ways in which universities could become change agents through socially responsible engagements in tribal areas. This chapter would contribute towards developing a social responsibility model for other universities to emulate. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Service learning as a pedagogical strategy: A case study on disability inclusion
Diversity and inclusion are the growing concerns of society and every organisation including higher educational institutions (HEIs) is designing strategies to ensure diversity equality and inclusion (DEI). To understand how students engage with the idea of disability and inclusion in education, this study explores the journey of undergraduate students with an organization for visually challenged students. This qualitative, descriptive study used interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) along with the analysis of chosen reflective journals. SL activities enabled students to reflect on the learning challenges faced by the visually challenged students as well as their caretakers. This also made them reflect on the larger academic environment at the higher education level and come up with suggestions to make the HEIs more inclusive for the visually challenged. This study emphasizes the nature of their engagement and the transformative aspects of the learning process that they experienced by focusing on the students' experiences and challenges. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Induced Graphoidal Decompositions in product Graphs
Journal of Discrete Mathematics Vol.2013, Article ID 892839 ISSN No. 2090-9845 -
Further results on induced graphoidal decomposition
Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and applications Vol.5, No.1, ISSN No.1793-8317 -
Bionanomaterials in Food Applications and their Risk Assessment
Nanotechnology has increased impressively during the last decade for their diverse potential uses in food, environment, medical, sustainable energy and so forth. Nanomaterial synthesis by chemical methods has unintended properties on the ecological pollution and also effect on human welfare. To overcome these challenges green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has been used from plants and animals. The green synthesized NPs include gold (Au NPs), copper (Cu NPs), silver (AgNPs), iron and its oxides (Fe NPs). Abundant microbes and plants are used for the synthesizing NPs that are eco-friendly, cost effective and potentially safe. Further, these can be constructed using agri-food waste sources such as agricultural crops, fruits and vegetables, cereals, oil cakes, alcoholic beverages, and so forth, for synthesizing sustainable NPs, reducing environmental issues. These green synthesized metallic NPs needs to be further characterized for the synthesis, factors affecting the parameters and their potential applications in various fields with major challenges that needs to be researched such as toxicity and translational research. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Plant, Animal, and Microbial Sources of Dyes and Mordants
Synthetic dyes and mordants have been used by various industries, including food, cosmetics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, for many decades. However, their potential hazards to the environment and human health, such as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, have raised global concerns. In earlier decades, people used naturally extracted dyes and mordants from plants and insects for purposes like painting, dyeing clothes, and enhancing skin and hair, using substances like henna, turmeric, and saffron. However, chemically synthesized dyes quickly replaced natural dyes due to their easy availability and low cost. Currently, consumers are becoming more conscious of the use of synthetic dyes and their effects, which can cause allergies and toxicity. This has led to a resurgence of eco-friendly dyes and biocolors, which have gained importance. There has been advanced and increased development in utilizing naturally occurring bioresources to produce sustainable biocolors with multifunctional applications. Natural colors have not only increased their market value due to their aesthetic appeal but also for their various properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Indeed, biocolors derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms have better degradability and compatibility with the environment. These naturally occurring pigments need to be explored from various natural sources to meet the increasing global demand, using suitable techniques for their extraction. 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Heavy metal detection by nanotechnology-based sensors
One of the major pollutants in the milieu consists of heavy metals that remain nondegradable with extreme toxicity that accumulates in plants, animals, and humans leading to ill effects with long exposures. These heavy metals that are used in various fields like food, textile industries, agriculture, and medicine act as enzyme inhibitors not allowing the substrate to bind the enzymes. In lieu of it, biosensors have been an essential tool that help to monitor environmental pollutants, presence of various toxins and biohazardous microbial in the organic matter, and also biomolecules in diagnostic tools. Detection of heavy metal traces in environmental monitoring has a widespread application using biosensors with improvised sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. Further, the biosensor technology has advanced greatly with the ability of biosensing mechanism combined with the highly advanced technique with the world of nanofabricating enabled miniature biosensors. The sensitivity performance of biosensors has increased tremendously with nanotechnology as the nanoscale dimensions promote the critical analysis and detect to probe single biomolecules. Nevertheless, the major drawback relies on the study lacking the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in atmosphere, lacking in automated service, miniature induced unreliable source, and integrating the nano-biosensors for reliable transduction signals from the devices. With the development of biosensors for online and offline analysis for their quantity and diversity they have been termed as biosensor uprising with the introduction of biosensors with enzyme, DNA-, immuno-, and whole cell-based with specific analytical detection. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
Bionanomaterials in Environmental Protection
The advent of globalization with ongoing anthropogenic actions has increased the rate of contaminants worsening aquatic, soil, and air systems, with increasing concern throughout the world. The several problems posed by these pollutants have endangered the environment as well as humans, leading to the application tasks of various conventional methods options to remove the pollutants. However, these technologies are costlier, of long duration, increasing energy consumption and also leading to toxins production. Nanotechnology, a newer method, has created a significant role in solving specific qualitative and quantitative, environmental issues of treating air, water, and soil by detection and removal of pollutants. Nanoparticles (NP) are low-cost, less energy consuming, eco-friendly and have higher efficiency rates. Nanosorbent, nanofiltration, nanocatalytic, and nanosensors methods have been used for the treatment of waste waters, air, and pollutant detection. There are different physical and chemical treatment options that have been employed for the synthesis of NPs, such as microwave heating and ultrasound methods. However recent decades have emphasized the green synthesis involving plant extracts and microbial sources due to their sustainability. Green synthesized NPs have gained immense interest due to their simplicity and relatively high reproducibility. In view of their capabilities, bionanomaterials can be used for eliminating pollutants and toxins, helping to maintain and spread a greener and cleaner environment. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Marine microbial biopolymers and their applications
Marine environment has been an important surrounding in recent times for valuable resources such as bioactive polymers. Increasing environmental concerns and realizing the limitation of global petroleum resources, biopolymers has gained utmost importance. Highly abundant renewable biopolymers of different polysaccharides have been produced from microbes, clams, shrimps, etc., exhibiting varying biological activities. Among all these biopolymers, microbial biopolymers are the most promising substitute for the existing synthetic polymers. Microbial polymers are synthesized intracellularly and extracellularly for their cell functions and survival playing specific roles as reserve materials for energy conservation, symbiosis and osmotic adaptation, protective agents that can be extruded and used for various applications. These biopolymers have exceptional moisture and oxygen barrier characteristics in making films for use in food industries and medical aspects. Microbial biopolymers that have been used include the cellulose, levan, pullulans, xanthan, gellan, kefiran, Haloferax exopolysaccharides, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly-3-hydroxybutyrates. Marine bacteria such as Bacillus, Halomonas, Alteromonas, Planococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Zoogloea, and Thermococcus are found to be hyperproducers for biopolymers. Due to their high quality, sustainability, long shelf life, and biodegradability, they have been receiving interest for innumerable biological activities such as antioxidants, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial actions. Microbial marine biopolymers with natural biological activity, structural functions can be tailored using genetic engineering to obtain newer biomaterials with novel functionalities. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Environmental applications of microbial fuel cells
The world is facing an energy crisis for non-renewable resources for the last decade. Hence, there is a search for highly efficient energy transformation techniques which utilizes alternate renewable energy sources. One such renewable energy production technology is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) based on dynamic organisms like microbes. MFCs allow producing electricity using renewable organic waste through microbial cellular respiration, which helps in reducing the carbon footprint as well as the environmental pollution. MFCs can also be used in metal recovery by bio electrochemical recovery, because metal ions can be reduced and deposited on an electrode by bacteria, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Microbial carbon capture cells are advancements to MFC, where algal biomass provides oxygen for cathodic reduction in the cathodic chamber and is ideally considered as the plausible technologies to tackle the ever-increasing problem of global warming and increased CO2 concentration. The MFCs find application in environmental remediation with respect to harmful organic pollutants by neutralizing/degrading contaminated water and soil. The harmful organic pollutants that can be neutralized include organic dyes, pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, phenolic nitro phenolic compounds, and many others. This gives a long-term solution for pollutant degradation that is also environmentally acceptable. MFC-based biosensors have recently emerged as the next-generation biosensing technique for environmental monitoring. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Sustainability and green nanomaterials on nanotechnology-based sensors
Nanobiosensors multipurpose efficacy in various domains as next-generation device has set a revolutionary impact on the scientific technology. Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have enhanced the properties of these nanobiosensors in commendable ways with remarked growth. The unique properties of NPs like optical, magnetic, electrochemical, physiochemical, mechanical, and good conductivity make them highly reliable and sensitive for conventional approaches to check minute concentrations. Quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanowires provide a novel signal transduction mechanism that helps to detect low level of pesticides, food contaminants, toxins, and metabolites. Various microbes have been documented for NPs such as Fusarium oxysporum, Alternata alternata, Trichoderma viride, Colletotrichum sp., F. oxysporum, Aspergillus orayzae, Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum, and Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. It is used in sustainable agriculture or smart farming to aid plant growth in the form of sensor detector of plant metabolites, hormonal changes, ion concentration, volatiles and gas changes, etc., under physiological stress. Environmental remediation is carried out for analysis and quantification of contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides, pathogens, etc. Nanobiosensors have a tremendous impact on food industry as a means of sensitive method for detecting pathogens and recognition of mycotoxins. While, medical applications detect glucose in diabetics, cancer diagnosis, detection of urinary tract infections, HIV-AIDS, disease-causing pathogens, antigen-antibody interaction, etc. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.