Browse Items (11810 total)
Sort by:
-
Review Article: A Review on Starch and CelluloseEnhanced Superabsorbent Hydrogel
Superabsorbent hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer units that can absorb water and organic fluids into the three-dimensional network and mimic biological cells when swollen. Hydrogels are categorized as natural, synthetic, and hybrid, depending on their constituent polymer. The novel green synthesis includes the combination of natural polymers with synthetic ones to produce eco-friendly Hydrogels. The networks are established using crosslinkers formed chemically as covalent bonds or ionic bonds and physically if intermolecular forces are involved. Starch and cellulose are naturally occurring biopolymers that make significant applications for hydrogel production. This article reviews hydrogel, its properties, classification, synthesis mechanism, and application in various sectors using starch and cellulose as copolymers. Due to the high range of availability, nontoxic nature, and biodegradability, starch and cellulose-based hydrogels find high regard in the present research era. The biopolymers beneficiation can result in the evolution of economic and sustainable methods for transforming this natural biopolymer into utilitarian organic products. 2023, Sami Publishing Company. All rights reserved. -
Phytogenic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nano bow ties (ZnO NBTs): An experimental and computational study
Phytogenic synthesis is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for producing nanoscale particles, using biological entities such as plants and their byproducts. In this study, Allium sativum extract was selected as a capping and reducing agent due to the presence of phytochemicals such as allicin, diallyl disulfide (DADS), vinyl dithiins, ajoene (E- and Z-ajoene), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and thiol (sulfhydryl) groups. The resulting ZnO Nano Bow Ties (ZnO NBTs) were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the size, morphology, and crystallinity. The obtained XRD, SEM, and DLS results suggested an average longitudinal length of ?372 nm with a maximum lateral width of ?64 nm and a Bow Tie shape. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was employed to elucidate the prominent phytochemical constituents of the Allium sativum extract. Preliminary antibacterial assays reveal significant inhibition zones and growth inhibition effects against gram-negative bacteria of both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, suggesting the promising antimicrobial potential of these ZnO NBTs. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the cone-shaped ZnO NBTs bind strongly to the active sites of the target proteins with binding affinities of ?36.20 and ?32.14 kcal/mol for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respectively, which correlates with their activities. The ZnO NBTs complexes formed stronger hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Escherichia coli than with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This integrated experimental and computational study underscores the potential of the use of ZnO NBTs as a sustainable and effective strategy to combat bacterial pathogens. The findings of this study indicate that efficient morphology (shape) is a major contributor to the protein binding affinities of ZnO NBTs, with promising implications for the design of antibacterial drugs in nanomedicine. 2024 The Authors -
AI in IA: Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Internal Audit: A Qualitative Study
Internal auditing is becoming more crucial as businesses become more complex and extensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) in internal auditing is a trend change that promises to revolutionize how internal auditing functions are performed and delivered through significant improvements in audit quality and operational discipline. This paper reflects on many of the multifaceted impacts of AI on internal auditing functions. This paper intends to investigate how this AI will impact the audit profession. By interviewing ten individual internal audit experts qualitatively, the study shows that AIs implementation will impact the following six critical levels. AI makes it possible for an auditor to (1) spend less time and make the audit more productive, (2) increase coverage, (3) real-time auditing, (4) enhance decision-making, (5) risk assessment and management, and (6) create new advisory services. The findings thus imply a need for a well-defined and consistent audit structure that is flexible enough for auditors to improve their audits. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Blockchain and the Evolving Internal Audit Function
Blockchain Technology indicates a transformative era for internal audit practices in the evolving digital finance and operations landscape. This research explores the internal audit function in a Blockchain-driven world, emphasizing the changing perspectives and methodologies necessitated by this disruptive technology. With its foundational principles of transparency, immutability, and decentralization, Blockchain presents challenges and opportunities for internal auditors. The paper delves into how Blockchain is poised to redefine traditional audit practices, moving towards more real-time and continuous auditing techniques. It examines the implications of Blockchain for risk assessment, fraud detection, and compliance, highlighting the shift towards proactive rather than reactive audit strategies. Furthermore, the research examines Blockchains opportunities and challenges to the internal audit function. This study provides insights into integrating Blockchain Technology in internal auditing through a comprehensive secondary data analysis. It proposes a roadmap for auditors to adapt and thrive in this new era. The findings underscore the importance of embracing technological advancements, advocating for a dynamic approach to audit practices that aligns with the complexities of a blockchain-driven world. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Through the Lens of Recession 2.0: Diversification Dynamics Between the Leading Asian Stock Markets
The focus of this article is to analyse the inter-linkages between eight leading stock markets in Asian continent from the period of July 2011 to February 2018. This period holds relevance as this was the time when Recession 2.0 set in, which adversely affected the developed economies; however, the developing economies withstood the crisis without much of an impact. Co-integration and Granger causality tests were conducted to probe the inter-linkages. Study revealed a positive impact on Asian stock market indices collectively on each of the indexes. The highest number of unidirectional causalities was to KOPSI and NIFTY from rest of the stock indices. Results confirmed that no co-integration relationship existed among the selected indices indicating favourable diversification opportunities. Thus, the study fosters global market participants and policymakers to consider the nitty-gritties of stock market integration so as to benefit from international stock market diversification in the Asian region. 2022 Management Development Institute. -
Employee attrition and absenteeism analysis using machine learning methods: Application in the manufacturing industry
HR analytics has been envisaged as recent research trend for providing a comprehensive decision support system to the top level management in terms of employee's performance, recruitment and behaviour analysis. Globally, organizations are using technology to support and ease HR processes. Every organization should give maximum value to every available human resource, and they should minimize the attrition and absenteeism rate and ensure what are the factors that contribute towards employee attrition as well as the causes for workmen absenteeism. The ultimate objective is to correctly identify attrition and absenteeism in order to assist the company to improve retention tactics for key personnel and increase employee satisfaction. Through this chapter, a machine learning-based model is proposed to get quick results for such employee attrition and workmen absenteeism. The model is trained and tested for its accuracy. The result shows that the proposed model has high sensitivity. The managerial implications are also discussed for taking informed decisions. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Industry 5.0 - The co-creator in marketing
The unavoidable connection between automation and digitalization is already in the business horizon in the name of Industry 5.0. Industry 4.0, the robotic and technological revolution were largely hit among the manufacturing industries, but Industry 5.0 is meant for all sectors across ranges from manufacturing to services. Evolution from the days of mechanization (Industry 1.0) to smart factory (Industry 4.0) witnessed the improvisation of metrics related to efficiency and optimization. And now its turn for the balance between optimization and efficiency with the support from robots in assisting the smarter generation's technologies and machineries and tools through Industry 5.0 in the domain of marketing too where the change is constant and dynamic would be more accommodative to opportunities and challenges through the next wave of 5.0. The disruption by Industry 5.0 will change existing nature of marketing in terms of customer experience, supply chain, procurement, product development, retail operations, etc. The market which predominantly flourishes with the help of customers in co-creation is going to have robot as bystander with the intervention of this Revolution 5.0 which will level up the existing customer experience. Marketing by its nature demands the cooperation at multiple levels and is becoming easier prey for the Industry 5.0 revolution as it's expected to create the cooperation between the humans and machines. Product development, customer engagement and customer experience will undergo the transformation due to this industry revolution and also there are other areas in the marketing domain to go through the impact are addressed in this chapter. 2023 by A. Mansurali, V. Harish and Swamynathan Ramakrishnan. All rights reserved. -
Game Rules Prediction Winning Strategies Using Decision Tree Algorithms
With the availability of extensive data spanning over the years, sports have become an emerging field of research. The application of analytics in cricket has become prominent over the years. Cricket, the most loved sport in India, draws the attention of fans worldwide. The Indian Premier League is no exception. Created in 2008, this franchise-based T20 format of cricket has gripped the attention of cricket enthusiasts. With ardent fans cheering for their favorite teams, teams have mounting pressure to maintain their winning streak. One such team is the beloved Chennai Super Kings. Statistical techniques for winner prediction have become popular over the last decade. In this study, we try to frame decision rules for IPL teams to win a series using the CART algorithm. By considering Chennai Super Kings, this study aims to understand the criteria for winning and identify potential weaknesses, allowing the team to predict the likelihood of winning the IPL series. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Cyber-Secure Framework for the Insecure Designs in Healthcare Industry
Sensitive data protection has been a top priority in the healthcare industry. This has led to the investigation of safe data storage and transaction. Despite various attempts to address this issue, data breaches continue to plague the healthcare industry. This study aims to investigate prevalent storage practices and security methodologies in the healthcare, recognizing the need for a robust framework. The work further extends with design of new security framework for healthcare industry. This framework identifies critical data and implement measures to prevent unauthorized access and data tempering. The industrial hype towards the implementation of adaptive machine learning craves the need for hybrid machine learning approaches to be adapted in the cyber secure framework. In order to improve security and confidentiality in the healthcare sector. Blockchain is used in the proposed cyber secure framework promising integrity of data with the features of immutability. This proposal aims to provide a comprehensive solution to the ongoing problem of protecting medical data. Grenze Scientific Society, 2024. -
Export performance of Indian textile industry in the post multi fibre agreement regime /
Artha Journal Of Social Science, Vol.13, Issue 4, pp.63-86, ISSN No: 0975-329X. -
Synthesis and characterization of porous, mixed phase, wrinkled, few layer graphene like nanocarbon from charcoal /
Russian Journal Of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.89, Issue 13, pp.2438-2442, ISSN No: 0036-0244. -
Smart songs selection in playlists using parallel k-means clustering
Most songs today are of different tempo, pitch and time signature. In a music player application, the typical shuffle picks the succeeding song or preceding song at random with no parameters to choose the songs. Different songs from different genres can have a tempo range anywhere between forty beats per minute and three hundred beats per minute. In this paper, the quick and efficient parallel k means clustering algorithm is implemented in Hadoop on the million-song dataset subset to form clusters for the songs based on tempo and pitch. The aim of this paper is to reduce the variation that occurs when a typical shuffle picks the succeeding song at random. This variation can be in the form of tempo or other parameters. The formation of clusters and intern the reduction in the variation of tempo can be used in a new 'smart shuffle'. After the clusters have been formed, the smart shuffle picks the songs within that specific cluster. This paper aims at reducing the variation by 50%. This would have many musical benefits and would also be more pleasing to the listener. 2018 IAEME Publication. -
Cobb douglas production function analysis of total factor productivity in Indian textile industry in the post multi-fiber agreement (MFA) period
Internnational tradee in textiles aand clothing wwas governedd by the systemm of bilateral quotas undeer the MMulti Fibre AgreementA (MMFA) since 11973 and thiss agreement has been repeplaced by thhe Agreeement on Texxtiles and Cllothing (ATC)C) from Januaary 1, 2005. The dismanntling of quotta restricctions had brrought about a significant change in thee structure off worldwide trrade in textilees as theere are no quuota barriers for the exporrt of textiles aand apparelss and the hithherto protecteed textilee industry wouldw be exposed to interrnational commpetition. It was widely believed annd highliighted in mosst of the studies that develloping economies, especiaally India andd China woulld be thee major gaineers in the neww policy regiime. In view of the changged trading ennvironment foor textilee trade, it wass considered important to analyze the immpact of quotta removal onn Indian textille industry, especiallyy with respecct to the prodductivity on thhis sector. Thee study has coonsidered fouur sub seectors of Indiian textile inddustry as givven in the Annnual Survey oof Industries, viz, Spinningg, Weavving and Finiishing of Texxtiles, Manuffacture of Other Textiles,, Manufacturre of Wearinng Apparrels and Manufacture off Crocheted aand Knitted Fabrics. Esstimates of CCobb Douglaas produuction function shows that the removal of textile quoota had impaccted all the foour sub sectorrs considdered in the study.s The imppact of quota removal on pproductivity iis positive andd significant iin the caase of spinninng, weaving aand finishingg of textiles ass well as in tthe manufactuure of wearinng apparrels. In the casec of mannufacture of other textiless and the mmanufacture oof knitted annd crochheted fabrics, the quota duummy coefficient is negatiive and signifificant at onee percent leveel. This sshows that thhe removal ofof quota restrrictions have adversely immpacted the ooutput of thesse sectorrs. 2020, North Carolina State University. All rights reserved. -
Characterization of diesel soot from the combustion in engine by X-ray and spectroscopic techniques
Carbon nanomaterials formed during the combustion of Diesel inside engine is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques. The soot are collected from the Engine and washed with Acetone. Carbon Nanomaterials produced from diesel soot show the morphology of carbon nanospheres mixed with carbon nanotubes. X-ray diffraction investigation shows the presence of carbon nanotubes in association with amorphous nanomaterial. EDS analysis of Diesel soot indicates that the soot particles to be composed of primarily carbon and oxygen along with hydrogen. NMR spectrum of the soot reveals significant aliphatic component with predominance of methyl and methylene groups on ? and ? positions to aromatic rings. There is significant fraction of hydrogen on the ? position at 0.864 ppm, which suggests the existence of large aliphatic chains or saturated rings joined to aromatic rings. The IR spectrum shows characteristic signals in the region 1700-1000 cm -1, where the most important one correspond to C=O stretching of carboxylic acids at 1639 cm -1, C=C stretching of aromatic groups at 1533 cm -1, and aliphatic C-H plane deformation of CH 2/CH 3 groups at 1380 cm -1 and 1445 cm -1 respectively. 2012 by ESG. -
Tailoring of low grade coal to fluorescent nanocarbon structures and their potential as a glucose sensor
Lignite is an abundantly utilized feedstock for the facile synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and carbon nanomaterials. Its value is appreciated as an energy source for combustion for long time. Herein we report a novel top-down strategy to synthesis lignite based fluorescent nano carbon structures by combined acidic oxidation and chemical reflux. The nanocarbon crystallites in lignite are converted to oxygenated nano carbon dots and graphene sheets. They exhibited stable fluorescence property in the visible region depending on their size, functionalities and defects which were highly stable in all the pH conditions. These nanocarbon structures are an effective probe for fluorescent sensing of label-free and selective detection of glucose ions with detection limit as low as 0.125 mM, promising real-world sensor applications. These findings establish a scalable method for the production of fluorescent carbon based glucose sensor from lignite. 2018, The Author(s). -
Tunable direct band gap photoluminescent organic semiconducting nanoparticles from lignite
Fluorescent organic semiconducting dots (OSDs) with tunable particle size and surface functionality are synthesized from lignite by chemical oxidation method followed by ultra-sonication techniques and dialysis. The defects and oxygen functionalities play a vital role in the photoluminescent property of the synthesized nanoparticles along with quantum confinement effect. These nanomaterials are suitable for imaging and chemical sensing applications as there is no photobleaching and quenching even after a continuous UV exposure of 24 hours and storage of 2 years. The excellent excitation dependent luminescence of the synthesized carbon dots can be utilized for making a low-cost carbon-based sensor for Cu2+ metal ions sensing. The OSDs show good ratiometric fluorescent sensing and can be used as a reliable probe for the detection of Cu2+ ions. They exhibit excellent detection limit of copper ion in acidic solution to a very low concentration of 0.0089 nM. The fluorescent nanodots synthesized from such an abundant and cost-effective precursor exhibiting high copper ion sensitivity is being reported for the first time. 2017 The Author(s). -
Facile synthesis of preformed mixed nano-carbon structure from low rank coal
Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nano-diamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nano-diamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors. 2018. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. -
Structural characterization of graphene layers in various Indian coals by X-Ray Diffraction technique
The results of the structural investigation of three Indian coals showed that, the structural parameters like fa & Lc increased where as interlayer spacing d002 decreased with increase in carbon content, aromaticity and coal rank. These structural parameters change just opposite with increase in volatile matter content. Considering the 'turbostratic' structure for coals, the minimum separation between aromatic lamellae was found to vary between 3.34 to 3.61 A for these coals. As the aromaticity increased, the interlayer spacing decreased an indication of more graphitization of the sample. Volatile matter and carbon content had a strong influence on the aromaticity, interlayer spacing and stacking height on the sample. The average number of carbon atoms per aromatic lamellae and number of layers in the lamellae was found to be 16-21 and 7-8 for all the samples. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques
High volatile bituminous coal was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the "aromatics" structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm -1 region. The band at 1477 cm -1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm -1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm -1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm -1 are active in the infrared (IR) spectrum but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-H stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm -1. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm -1 and 3450 cm -1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals. University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. -
Study of stacking structure of amorphous carbon by X-ray diffraction technique
Random layered (graphene) structural parameters of the coals such as aromaticity fa, coal rank, number of carbon atoms per aromatic lamellae (n), lateral size La and stacking height Lc are determined using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). It is found that the structural parameters like fa & Lc increases, where as interlayer spacing d002 decreases with increase in carbon content, aromaticity and coal rank. The number of layers and average number of carbon atoms per aromatic graphene are found to be varying from 7 to 8 and 16-21 for the coal samples with carbon content of 72- 77.4%. A good linear relationship exists between number of layers and stacking height of the aromatic lamellae in coal. 2012 by ESG.