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Gucchi (Morchella esculenta)
This chapter focuses on Morchella esculenta as a nutraceutical and functional food, its habit, habitat, general characteristics, availability, biologically active compounds present and pharmacological and medicinal value. Mushrooms are spore-bearing fleshy fruiting bodies of fungus often present above the ground. Greeks and Romans included mushrooms in their diet. Romans considered mushrooms as the food of supernatural beings, despite the Chinese contemplating them as the elixir of the human being. Functional foods that are prepared from morel mushrooms are of high medicinal properties. The production of M. esculenta worldwide is 1.5 million tonnes of fresh weight and 150 tonnes of dry weight. India and Pakistan are the major morel-producing countries and each country has about 50 tonnes of dry morels. The pharmacological properties of Morchella species show its use in Chinese traditional medicine since 2, 000 years and in Malaysia and Japan to cure several diseases. 2023 Deepu Pandita and Anu Pandita. -
GST and its Impact on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises - A Study of Peenya Industrial Area in Banglaore, Karnataka
The introduction of Goods and Service Tax on 1st July, 2017 has revamped the tax structure and carved out a new path for the Indian economy. The new tax regime was envisioned to be free of all the problems of the previous tax system but, however since its proposal it has received mixed reviews from industries, academia and others. With extensive changes aimed at One Nation One Tax, it has left massive impact on the Small Scale Industries too. Hence this paper critically analyses the impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Small Scale Industries specifically in Karnataka. Existing literature says that GST shall reduce the cost of doing business, increases transparency, decreases prices of product, increase tax compliance and improve ease of doing business. This paper proves some of these assertions through a primary data research and further identifies the need of reforms with respect to separation of definition of job work and labour work, penalties for non-payment of GST, dual administration and issues pending from the previous tax regime. It has also clearly established that composition scheme has been a non-performer and the reverse charge mechanism must be re-introduced later or revamped to balance its costs and benefits. Thus the study has implications for policy makers, industries and academia and also provides a better understanding of the new tax system itself. 2021 Lichchavi Harishekar et al., published by Sciendo 2021. -
Growth, survival and haemato-biochemical profiles of the freshwater catfish, Pangasius sutchi (Fowler, 1937) fingerlings fed with Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract supplemented diet
The present study documents the possible effects of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract supplemented diets on growth, survival and haemato-biochemical profiles of the catfish, Pangasius sutchi fingerlings. P. sutchi fingerlings were fed with formulated diets, supplemented with four different concentrations of T. cordifolia leaf extract (viz. 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1 of feed) for 45 days. Fingerlings fed with basal diet served as control. Various parameters of serum biochemical and haematology such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, albumin globulin ratio, glucose, erythrocytes count, leucocytes count were evaluated along with growth parameters. The results indicated that Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), survival and Haemato-biochemical profiles such as total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin globulin ratio and serum glucose were high in the fingerlings fed with T. cordifolia leaf extract supplemented diets, irrespective of dosage, compared to control. Among the four concentrations of T. cordifolia leaf extract used, 400 mg/kg of feed group showed increased growth, survival and enhanced the health status of P. sutchi fingerlings. 2020, Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. All rights reserved. -
Growth trajectories for executive and social cognitive abilities in an Indian population sample: Impact of demographic and psychosocial determinants
Cognitive abilities are markers of brain development and psychopathology. Abilities, across executive, and social domains need better characterization over development, including factors that influence developmental change. This study is based on the cVEDA [Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions] study, an Indian population based developmental cohort. Verbal working memory, visuo-spatial working memory, response inhibition, set-shifting, and social cognition (faux pas recognition and emotion recognition) were cross-sectionally assessed in > 8000 individuals over the ages 623 years. There was adequate representation across sex, urban-rural background, psychosocial risk (psychopathology, childhood adversity and wealth index, i.e. socio-economic status). Quantile regression was used to model developmental change. Age-based trajectories were generated, along with examination of the impact of determinants (sex, childhood adversity, and wealth index). Development in both executive and social cognitive abilities continued into adulthood. Maturation and stabilization occurred in increasing order of complexity, from working memory to inhibitory control to cognitive flexibility. Age related change was more pronounced for low quantiles in response inhibition (??4 versus =2 for higher quantiles), but for higher quantiles in set-shifting (? > ?1 versus ?0.25 for lower quantiles). Wealth index had the largest influence on developmental change across cognitive abilities. Sex differences were prominent in response inhibition, set-shifting and emotion recognition. Childhood adversity had a negative influence on cognitive development. These findings add to the limited literature on patterns and determinants of cognitive development. They have implications for understanding developmental vulnerabilities in young persons, and the need for providing conducive socio-economic environments. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Growth Of ZnSnN2 Semiconductor Films For Gas Sensor Applications
ZnSnN2 is a member of class of nitride semiconductors which have the additional benefits of earth abundance and non-toxicity. For device applications, NH3 gas detecting senor, which finds use in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food process industries, are fabricated with zinc-tin-nitride (ZnSnN2) thin-films on glass substrate by making use of metal as contacts. The ZnSnN2 sensor is found extremely selective to ammonia (NH3) amongst other gases like ethanol, NO2, H2S and exhibited good detecting responses at room temperature. There are many ways to develop thin films of ZnSnN2, and hence in this work we are trying to find a cost effective, feasible and easier method of synthesis, i.e., chemical vapor deposition method. The first step was the optimization of process parameters to grow Zinc-Tin (ZnSn) thin-films. Later, optimization of the process parameters for the growth of compound ZnSnN2 was completed. The grown films are characterized by material quality using X-Ray Diffraction and UV- Vis spectroscopy. 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Growth of some urinary crystals and studies on inhibitors and promoters. II. X-ray studies and inhibitory or promotery role of some substances
Best conditions were established for the gel growth of three urinary crystals viz., calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate. The crystals grown were characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques and density measurements. Crystal growth experiments were carried out by incorporating the extracts or juices of some natural products in the gel media. By carefully observing the changes in the growth of crystals (compared to control experiments carried out at the same conditions), results about the inhibitory or promotery role of the substance incorporated were obtained. It was found that the extracts or juices of many of the naturally occurring substances have interesting inhibitory or promotery effects. These results may have useful applications in the treatment of recurrent stone patients. -
Growth of online social networking and artificial intelligence in digital domain
In this millennium years of technology, machinery is evolving daily. There is plethora of things being affected by this evolution. One of which is our practices of social networking which is largely veering to the internet. Internet social networking has become one of the biggest buzzwords. From a child to an old person, everyone is on these social networking sites and applications. Within the span of 5 to 10 years these so-called Internet social networking sites and applications have taken over the real social gathering or meetings. Now with single click you can buy or sell goods and services at any place and any time. People can connect to one another even when far from home. The pandemic times and demonetization are the two instances that made everyone switch to and accustomed to the aspects of social networking. In the particular research paper, the researcher will put forth how data privacy and security is one of the biggest concerns in this social networking. Secondly, the researcher will understand the role of Artificial Intelligence in Online Social networking and whether it is helpful or not. 2023 Author(s). -
Growth of mobile applications and the rise of privacy issues
Mobile apps are used by more and more internet users for daily chores, but processing personal data with them poses a major security risk. The wide range of data and sensors in mobile devices, the use of different types of identifiers and the increased ability to monitor consumers, the complex mobile application ecosystem and application developer limitations, and the extensive use of third-party technologies and services, are the main risks. Privacy concerns extend beyond mobile users. Corporate executives need fast, global access to their database. White goods/smart building equipment suppliers offer mobile apps for remote use. This research study will integrate these concerns. Due to these factors, smartphone applications have struggled to enforce the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) data protection rules. Mobile app designers and service providers may struggle to meet GDPR rules for data disclosure and permission, data protection by design and default, and operational secrecy. Copyright 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Growth of Indian cement industry, its environment impact and emerging alternatives
The present study provides a detailed review on growth of Indian cement industry, its environmental implications of cement production and its significant influence on the future trajectory of the Indian concrete industry. The Indian cement sector, a vital contributor to the nation's economy, faces a dual challenge of meeting the growing demand for construction materials while mitigating its environmental footprint. The study delves into the industry's current status as the world's second-largest cement producer and its impact on various sectors, including employment, GDP contribution, and dependence on real estate and infrastructure. The paper identifies key obstacles hindering the Indian concrete industry's full potential, such as a slowdown in real estate development, low industrial investment, regulatory changes, and constraints on resource extraction. Despite the industry's promising growth, the looming threats from emerging technologies and increasing environmental concerns, particularly related to greenhouse gas emissions, necessitate a strategic shift towards sustainability. A central focus of the research is the urgent need for the Indian concrete industry to address its environmental impact, specifically the 7% contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. The study explores the industry's role in creating carbon-neutral concrete by 2050 and emphasizes the importance of collaboration with policymakers, financial institutions like the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and end users in achieving this ambitious goal. The study reveals the comprehensive resource for industry stakeholders, and researchers interested in understanding the environmental implications of cement production and charting a sustainable course for the future of the Indian concrete industry and emerging alternatives. 2024, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved. -
Growth of cerium oxide nanorods by hydrothermal method and electrochromic properties of CeO2/WO3 hybrid thin films for smart window applications
Innovative electrochromogenic nanomaterials such as composite materials and also hybrid films can improve electrochromic performance, because of their potential application qualities in electronic, low-power screens, automotive anti-reflect mirrors, and smart windows. In this study, we used a hydrothermal method to used grow the CeO2 nanorods both with and without HCl added to the solution. And also, DC magnetron sputtering was used to deposit the tungsten oxide films on the cerium oxide nanorods. The surface plasmon effect changes with the size of CeO2 Nanorods, and this phenomenon influences electrochromic outcomes. The electrochromic characteristics of CeO2/WO3 nanostructures on FTO-coated glass are examined in the visible spectrum to use a 0.5 M concentration of H2SO4 as such electrolyte. At 600 nm, these structures produce significant optical modulation (50 %) and coloring efficiency (11.60 cm2/C at 700 nm). 2022 -
Growth and physical properties of sb2 te3 and related thermoelectric materials
Research on crystal growth and characterization is inevitable to meet the requirements of the technological world, as there is a great demand for good quality samples free from flaws for application in newlinevarious fields which cannot be met by natural resources. The synthesis of newlinebulk crystals of Sb2Te3 compounds has intrigued the attention of the researchers in the present work, due to their diverse properties which provide boundless scope to develop innovative approaches towards the newlinedevelopment of devices with improved thermoelectric (TE) efficiency. The green technology of conversion of waste heat to electric current by the TE phenomena offers a noise-free alternative with low mechanical newlineand conduction losses for small scale refrigeration and power generation modules. Though, thermoelectric devices offer better reliability and durability, one of the major challenges is to develop a material system newlinewith high figure of merit (ZT) in the variable temperature ranges. From the research reports it is evident that, generally for scientific studies, conventional melt methods were used to grow bulk Sb2Te3 crystals, where nonstoichiometry, polycrystallinity and multi-phase formation raise problems. Furthermore, large fluctuations in TE properties have been exhibited by single crystals synthesized from the melt, which preclude their uses in devices. The ability to control as well as engineer various newlineproperties of Sb2Te3 depends on the choice of growth method, experimental tools and processes. Even though substantial work has been published on the studies of cleaved samples of crystals grown from the melt, the growth mechanism and TE investigations on vapor deposited platelet structures of Sb2Te3-xSx and Sb2-xInxTe3 have not been investigated so far. With the prime focus on vapor deposition as an alternative to melt methods to produce defect free, good quality stoichiometric and mechanically stable crystals with improved ZT, the research was aimed at growth and characterization of Sb2Te3 and related newlinethermoelectric materials. -
Growth and microindentation analysis of pure and doped Sb2 Se3 crystals
Pure and doped antimony selenide (Sb2 Se3, Sb 2 Se2.8 Te0.2, and Sb2 Se 2.6 Te0.4) crystals have been grown from melt by the Bridgman Stockbarger method. X-ray powder diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the lattice parameters of the grown samples. The morphology of cleavage planes was observed using SEM. Energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) was done to find out the chemical composition of the grown samples. Correlation of microhardness with other mechanical characteristics such as toughness, brittleness, and yield strength, has been investigated. The effects of Te doping on the mechanical behaviour and energy gap were also studied on the cleavage faces. Ti?tak. -
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Growth and Characterization of Sb2Se3 and SnSe2 Crystals for Photovoltaic Applications
Tremendous development in crystal growth technology led to the production of good newlinequality samples for the design and fabrication of optoelectronic devices. As naturally available solids exhibit undesirable characteristics, the present research work deals with the artificial synthesis and characterization of defect free binary layered chalcogenide materials newline(LCMs) for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) and tin diselenide newline(SnSe2) have gained special attention in the PV industry due to their eco-friendly, sustainable, and non-hazardous nature as well as the salient features such as moderate melting temperature, p-type conductivity with direct transition, optimum band gap and high newlineabsorption coefficient. Therefore, cost-effective synthesis was implemented to engineer bulk Sb2Se3 and SnSe2 crystals for the enhancement of optoelectronic parameters. Single crystal growth from melt allows the fabrication of large size samples under controlled environment. It gives rise to complexities in maintaining stable temperature for crystallization and newlineachieving chemical homogeneity, if multiple elements are present in the system. The newlinechallenges associated with Bridgman-Stockbarger and Czochralski methods for preparing bulk crystals include irregular heat flow, mechanical movement of furnace or crucible, thermal stress, etc. Moreover, reactivity of the melted material with the ampoule leads to structural irregularities. Hence, horizontal normal freezing (HNF), the facile and inexpensive melt growth technique was employed to explore the suitability of cleaved samples. Most of the vapor phase synthesis methods, especially, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) deteriorates material quality, which adversely affects the physical properties due to the presence of contamination or foreign elements. But, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process is favorable as it offers feasible instrumentation and yields stoichiometric specimens with supreme quality and fine-tuned characteristics.