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ELECTRIC EROSION MACHINING BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE PARTICLES REINFORCED WITH AL ALLOY COMPOSITE USING TOPSIS APPROACH
This research work describes the optimization of parameters in electric discharge machining (EDM) of AlFeSi (AA8011) alloy composite using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Initially, the AA8011 matrix alloy was synthesized with the addition of 10 wt.% TiO2 particles through the stir casting route. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the synthesized composite, which revealed that the TiO2 particles were evenly disseminated within the alloy. The machining factors, such as peak current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton and pulse-o time (Toff), were chosen as input, whereas the material removal rate (MRR), the surface roughness (SR), and the tool wear rate (TWR) were selected as the output responses. According to the L9 (33array, the machining experiments were conducted using a brass (Br) electrode. By employing the TOPSIS method, the optimum combination of variables was determined. Based on the analysis, the Ip of 10 amps, Ton of 200 s, and Toff of 30 s provide the highest MRR (0.2379 g/min) with lower SR (3.284 m), and TWR (0.0258 g/min). ANOVA ndings exhibited that Ton was found to be the primary noteworthy factor contributing 50.67%, next by Toff (32.98%) and Ip (13.12%), respectively. Finally, the conrmation trials were carried out using the optimal parameters, which veried the predicted results. 2026 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Electric Vehicle Control and Driving Safety Systems: A Review
The relevance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the overall market demands of the respective control units is in a never before leap all around the globe as seen from the news, business studies, research trends and technological innovations today. Compared to earlier years, the relevance of driving safety in EVs also gains special attention due to the unforeseen surge in promoting EVs by National, State and City administrations for better environment and societal changes in future. For EV, the scenario broadens to a wider landscape beyond the earlier passive safety design features, to a highly comfortable and safer possible road travel. Safety enhancements can be experimented and implemented on EVs in a reliable way with higher end control of the dynamics, stability and optimised utilisation of individual vehicle characteristics and driver behaviours. In this paper, an attempt is made to scrutinise different control design approaches and possible solution paths experimented upon in the past and currently for EV as seen in the published literature. The quest is also to explore optimisation strategies in an organised way to ensure best possible driving safety along with passenger safety in EVs. 2023 IETE. -
Electric Vehicle Traction Motor Hardware in Loop (HIL) Regulation for Adaptive Cruise Control Scenario
This paper aims at developing a adaptive cruise control system using model predictive algorithm which operates on a Software-in- loop system. The vehicle modelling performed in IPG Car Maker operates with a Matlab based Model Predictive Controller at the back end. The Model Predictive Controller works on the relative distance between the leader vehicle and the ego vehicle. The primary focus is on optimizing the ACC performance to enhance energy efficiency, taking into account the specific dynamics of electric power trains. The study places particular emphasis on the integration of IPG Car Maker software to provide a realistic and dynamic simulation environment, enabling the evaluation of the proposed ACC-MPC system under an urban driving scenario and environmental conditions. 2024 IEEE. -
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Vapour Grown Gallium Monotelluride Crystals
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, Vol-20 (10), pp. 967-971. ISSN-1674-4799 -
Electrical and mechanical properties of vapour grown gallium monotelluride crystals
The physical vapour deposition (PVD) of gallium monotelluride (GaTe) in different crystalline habits was established in the growth ampoule, strongly depending on the temperature gradient. Proper control on the temperatures of source and growth zones in an indigenously fabricated dual zone furnace could yield the crystals in the form of whiskers and spherulites. Optical and electron microscopic images were examined to predict the growth mechanism of morphologies. The structural parameters of the grown spherulites were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The stoichiometric composition of these crystals was confirmed using energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX). The type and nature of electrical conductivity were identified by the conventional hot probe and two probe methods, respectively. The mechanical parameters, such as Vickers microhardness, work hardening index, and yield strength, were deduced from microindentation measurements. The results show that the vapour grown p-GaTe crystals exhibit novel physical properties, which make them suitable for device applications. 2013 University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. -
Electrical transport and magnetoresistance studies on the magnetic moment compensated Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys
We report the electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance properties of arc-melted Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x =0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys, which possess compensated ferrimagnetic behaviour with high TC when x=0.5. Apart from metallicity, the alloys in the Ga series with x= 0, 0.75, 1 composition showed a positive to negative crossover in the magnetoresistance versus temperature curves. This crossover was absent for Mn2V0.75Co0.25Ga and the fully compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Ga. In contrast to this, Co-substituted Mn2VAl exhibits distinctly different resistive behaviour. While the alloys Mn2VAl and Mn2CoAl exhibit metallic and semiconducting behaviour respectively, the intermediate compositions show a gradual metallic to semiconducting transition as the Co concentration increases. The compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al showed a mixed transport behaviour of metallic and semiconducting nature with a resistivity minimum at 140 K. In contrast to this mixed response of the arc-melted bulk sample, the Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al melt-spun ribbon shows a clear semiconducting nature throughout the temperature range, indicating that the sample preparation methods could highly influence the electrical properties of the investigated compensated ferrimagnets. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Electrical transport and magnetoresistance studies on the magnetic moment compensated Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys
We report the electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance properties of arc-melted Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x =0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys, which possess compensated ferrimagnetic behaviour with high TC when x=0.5. Apart from metallicity, the alloys in the Ga series with x= 0, 0.75, 1 composition showed a positive to negative crossover in the magnetoresistance versus temperature curves. This crossover was absent for Mn2V0.75Co0.25Ga and the fully compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Ga. In contrast to this, Co-substituted Mn2VAl exhibits distinctly different resistive behaviour. While the alloys Mn2VAl and Mn2CoAl exhibit metallic and semiconducting behaviour respectively, the intermediate compositions show a gradual metallic to semiconducting transition as the Co concentration increases. The compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al showed a mixed transport behaviour of metallic and semiconducting nature with a resistivity minimum at 140 K. In contrast to this mixed response of the arc-melted bulk sample, the Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al melt-spun ribbon shows a clear semiconducting nature throughout the temperature range, indicating that the sample preparation methods could highly influence the electrical properties of the investigated compensated ferrimagnets. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Electrically small S-band antenna for cubesat applications
This research paper deals with the design and development of a circularly polarized S-band rectangular patch antenna providing performance suitable for application in CubeSat. A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite used primarily by university research groups for demonstration of technology. They are low earth orbiting sun-synchronous (LEOSS) type of satellites. The design protocol specifies maximum outer dimensions equal to 100 mm00 mm00 mm and weighing a mass between 1.3-6 kg. However, being small in size, they pose some challenges such as low profile antenna, possibility for cross-link communication with other similar satellites and high reliability of communication in a swarm without the prior knowledge of their positions. Additionally CubeSats dictate the space limitation for placing the antenna within it. With all these, it also requires small antenna with high gain and wide directivity. The most suitable antennas that address most of the aforementioned challenges are planar antennas. The design and simulation of the proposed design of electrically small sband antenna for CubeSat achieves gain of 5.01 dBi with a narrow bandwidth of 100 MHz. The analysis is performed using MATLAB and HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator). 2017 IEEE. -
Electricity Demand Prediction: An Analytical Comparison of ARIMA and Artificial Neural Network
Electricity plays a dominant role globally, especially in the economies of India. Accurately projecting its consumption is crucial for energy planning. This study focuses on forecasting electricity consumption across distinct sectors using Autoregressive Integrate Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The efficacy of the models is evaluated via various error metrics and compared, demonstrating the superior performance of the ANN model over ARIMA model. 2025 IEEE. -
Electro fabrication of molecularly imprinted sensor based on Pd nanoparticles decorated poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) for progesterone detection
In recent years, scientific community has witnessed substantial interest in the design and engineering of electrodes as sensing platforms towards sensitive and selective detection of hormones. An electrochemical strategy for the detection of progesterone was proposed by generating a composite film comprising of palladium nanoparticles with 3-thiophene acetic acid (3-TAA) coupled with molecular imprinting technology. Progesterone molecule was employed as the template while generating molecular imprints by electropolymerization on the surface of the Carbon Fibre Paper (CFP) electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyse the various modified working electrodes (CV). Characterization methods included field emission scanning microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical profilometry, and X-ray photon electron spectroscopy. Pd nanoparticles resulted in enhanced sensitivity and molecular imprinting technology contributed to its specificity. Because of the molecular cavities created on the removal of the template molecule, Nyquist plots data showed that the MIP/Pd/CFP electrode had the lowest charge transfer resistance compared to other control electrodes. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Electro fabrication of molecularly imprinted sensor based on Pd nanoparticles decorated poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) for progesterone detection /
Electrochimica Acta, Vol.408, ISSN No: 0013-4686.
In recent years, scientific community has witnessed substantial interest in the design and engineering of electrodes as sensing platforms towards sensitive and selective detection of hormones. An electrochemical strategy for the detection of progesterone was proposed by generating a composite film comprising of palladium nanoparticles with 3-thiophene acetic acid (3-TAA) coupled with molecular imprinting technology. Progesterone molecule was employed as the template while generating molecular imprints by electropolymerization on the surface of the Carbon Fibre Paper (CFP) electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyse the various modified working electrodes (CV). -
Electro-osmotic effect on the three-layer flow of Binary nanoliquid between two concentric cylinders
The three-layer flow of an immiscible nanoliquid in composite annulus with an electro-kinetic effect is analyzed using Buongiornos model. This model helps in analyzing the impact of two major phenomena, namely thermophoresis and Brownian motion. In this model, an interfacial layer is formed between the liquids due to the immiscibility of the base liquids. The use of a multilayer model especially in cooling systems brings more applications in many industries such as nuclear, biomedical, and solar. Different from the earlier studies on multilayer channel flow, this paper explains the three-layer flow between two concentric cylinders in the presence of cross-diffusion which makes the work unique. Further, the middle region is assumed to be porous and heat source or sink is applied to the entire system. Also, the flux conservation condition for nanoparticle volume fraction is considered. The equations governing the problem are simplified and are solved using the differential transform method. The results indicate that the electroosmotic parameter enhances the velocity but reduces the electrostatic potential. Further, the diffusion ratio improves the temperature and decreases the solute concentration of the fluid. 2022, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Electro-osmotic peristaltic streaming of a fractional second-grade viscoelastic nanofluid with single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a ciliated tube
Mathematical modeling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in biological fluids is essential for drug delivery, biosensing, and targeted therapy. This study explores the transport dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based nanofluids under electro-osmotic peristaltic flow influenced by ciliary motion. A microfluidic channel lined with cilia, hair-like structures found in human airways and reproductive tracts, is considered. The coordinated beating of cilia generates a wavelike motion that propels the surrounding biological fluid. When an electric field is applied across the channel, electro-osmotic forces further modify the flow, affecting velocity and temperature distribution. A nanofluid, consisting of CNTs suspended in a base fluid, flows through this cilia-driven microchannel. The transport process is governed by electro-osmosis, heat transfer, and thermal radiation effects, with simplifications based on long-wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The Caputo fractional model and DebyeHkel linearization are used to analyze the interaction between electro-osmotic forces and thermal-mechanical effects. The results reveal that the negative Helmholtz-Smoluchowski parameter (Uhs) reduces the axial velocity in the core whereas it increases in the periphery of the channel, while the opposite trend is observed for positive Uhs. Longer cilia (?) and higher electro-osmotic parameter (m) slow the core flow while accelerating peripheral transport. Thermal effects indicate that an increased heat source (B) raises temperature and axial velocity, whereas a higher nanotube volume fraction (?) enhances axial velocity but reduces temperature. Notably, MWCNTsexhibit superior axial velocity and temperature enhancement compared to SWCNTs. These outcomes provide valuable insights into electro-osmotic cilia-driven nanofluid transport, offering a theoretical foundation for optimizing microfluidic and biomedical applications. 2025 -
Electro-osmotically modulated viscoelastic SWCNT-blood flow in symmetric/nonsymmetric stenosed arteries with heat generation using a fractional second grade model
This study examines the electro-osmotically modulated viscoelastic blood flow in arteries with both symmetric and nonsymmetric stenosis, accounting for heat generation and thermal buoyancy effects. Blood is modeled as a fractional second-grade fluid to more accurately capture its viscoelastic and memory-dependent behavior. The DebyeHkel linearization is applied to analyze the electro-osmotic effects. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations using appropriate scaling transformations. Analytical solutions are derived for the resulting nondimensional boundary value problem. Key flow characteristics, such as axial velocity, temperature distribution, electric potential, volumetric flow rate, and wall shear stress, are computed and illustrated graphically using the Mathematica software. The computations reveal that axial velocity decreases near the arterial walls but increases in the core region for both symmetric (n = 2) and nonsymmetric (n = 6) stenoses with rising HelmholtzSmoluchowski velocity (UHs), CNT volume fraction (?), Debye length parameter (m), and stenosis height (e). Heat generation (? > 0) further enhances both velocity and temperature. Increasing ? reduces temperature and wall shear stress (?w), while higher flow rate (Q) and stenosis height (e) are elevated (?w). Nonsymmetric stenoses yield higher temperatures than symmetric ones. Trapping boluses grow in size and number with increasing Q for both stenosis types. These findings underscore the significant role of electro-osmotic and viscoelastic effects in hemodynamic regulation, with potential biomedical applications. World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. -
Electro-sprayed Quaternary Composite of Poly(aniline-co-pyrrole), Graphene Oxide, and Iron Oxide as an Efficient Electrode for Hybrid Supercapacitor Application
Abstract: A novel quaternary nanocomposite has been developed using a cost-effective and user-friendly method called electro-spraying. This composite consists of poly(aniline-co-pyrrole), Graphene Oxide (GO), and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4), aimed at achieving improved electrochemical stability and performance. The composite electrodes displayed an impressive specific capacitance of 950 Fg1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag1 when tested in a 1 M H2SO4 solution. Furthermore, even after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 Ag1, the electrode exhibited an outstanding capacitance retention rate of 91%, showcasing its remarkable stability and long-lasting performance. These exceptional properties can be attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the combination of the conducting polymer, metal oxide, and graphene oxide components within the electrode material. Additionally, significant advancements in other electrochemical properties make this nanocomposite a promising candidate for use as an electrode material in supercapacitors. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024. -
Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of morin at a poly (2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) modified carbon fiber paper electrode /
Journal Of The Electrochemical Society, Vol.163, Issue 8, ISSN:0013-4651 (print) 1945-7111 (web). -
Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of morin at a poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole) modified carbon fiber paper electrode
Voltammetric determination of morin on carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode modified by electropolymerization of 2,5-dimercapto- 1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) in phosphate buffer solution (PB, pH 9.0) have been studied. This modified electrode showed strong electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of morin, a flavonoid at physiological pH (PB, pH 7.0). Morin gave a sensitive anodic peak at 0.245 V (vs. SCE). The parameters influencing the anodic peak of morin such as effect of pH, effect of scan rate and concentration have been optimized. The electrochemical process was found to be irreversible and adsorption-controlled. Under the optimum conditions, the anodic peak current was linear to concentration of morin in the range of 2.5 10-10-2.75 109 M and detection limit was found to be 8.3 10-11 M. The practical application of the modified electrode was successfully demonstrated for the determination of morin in mulberry leaves. 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. -
Electrocatalytic oxidation of morin on electrodeposited Ir-PEDOT nanograins
Nanoclusters of Ir were electrochemically deposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrate modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conducting polymer between the potential range 0.0 V and 0.6 V at 0.05 V/s scan rate. The electrocatalytic activity of IrPEDOT/CFP electrode towards oxidation of morin, a flavonoid was significantly greater than that of PEDOT/CFP and bare CFP electrodes. Factors affecting the anodic peak of morin namely, effect of pH, scan rate and number of cycles were optimized. The electrochemical route involved adsorption controlled and irreversible processes. Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic range for the determination of morin was found to be 0.12 nM2.80 nM. The significantly low detection limit (42.18 pM) demonstrates the ultrasensitivity of the proposed method. The reliability of the method was evaluated for the quantification of morin present in mulberry leaves, guava leaves and grape wine. 2018 Elsevier Ltd -
Electrochemical behavior of cast and forged aluminum based in-situ metal matrix composites
The present work focuses on the electrochemical behaviour of Al6061 alloy and Al6061-TiB 2 in-situ metal matrix composites. Al6061-TiB 2 in-situ Composites were synthesized by a stir casting route at a temperature of 860C using potassium hexafluorotitanate (K 2 TiF 6 ) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF 4 ) halide salts. Percentage of TiB 2 was kept at 0 wt% and 10wt%. The cast Al6061 alloy and Al6061-TiB 2 composites (0wt% &10wt %) were subjected to open die hot forging process at a temperature of 500C. Both cast and forged Al6061 alloy and its composites were subjected to micro-structural and electrochemical characterization. Corrosion behaviour of alloy and composites in both cast and forged conditions were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the results were backed up by a potentiodynamic polarization test. Results indicate that addition of TiB 2 particles increases the corrosion rate and reduces the polarization resistance of aluminium alloy in both cast and forged condition owing to galvanic coupling between the reinforcements and base metal. Further, when compared with cast alloy and its composites, forged alloy and its composites exhibited poor corrosion resistance under identical test conditions. 2019 Author(s). -
Electrochemical behaviour of optically transparent, nanoporous LiFePO4cathodes grown via RF magnetron sputtering
The rapid growth of smart technology has accelerated the need for compact and durable microbatteries. Fabrication of thin-film microbatteries is effective to address the requirements of the evolving technology. In the present work, pristine, optically transparent, nanoporous LiFePO4 (LFP)is synthesized via RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of nanoporosity on the electrochemical properties and charge storage mechanisms of LFP is explored. The galvanostatic studies revealed an initial discharge capacity of 32 Ah cm2?m1 and stabilised to 17.5 Ah cm2?m1 after 100 cycles. The capacity fading can be attributed to the increased formation of SEI caused by the enhanced interaction between the cathode and electrolyte due to the nanoporosity. The films demonstrate good rate capability and reversibility. Optical studies reveal a bandgap of 3.74eV, highlighting the potential for usage in optically transparent microbatteries. This work provides key insights into the intrinsic electrochemical behaviour of pristine nanoporous LFP thin films, creating a pathway for its implementation in microbatteries. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.