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GASP. XV. A MUSE view of extreme ram-pressure stripping along the line of sight: Physical properties of the jellyfish galaxy JO201
We present a study of the physical properties of JO201, a unique disc galaxy with extended tails undergoing extreme ram-pressure stripping (RPS) as it moves through the massive cluster Abell 85 at supersonic speeds mostly along the line of sight. JO201 was observed with multi-unit spectroscopic explorer as part of the GASP programme. In a previous paper (GASP II) we studied the stellar and gas kinematics. In this paper we present emission-line ratios, gas-phase metallicities, and ages of the stellar populations across the galaxy disc and tails. We find that while the emission at the core of the galaxy is dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), the disc is composed of star-forming knots surrounded by excited diffuse gas. The collection of star-forming knots presents a metallicity gradient steadily decreasing from the centre of the galaxy outwards, and the ages of the stars across the galaxy show that the tails formed ? 109 yr ago. This result is consistent with an estimate of the stripping time-scale (?1 Gyr), obtained from a toy orbital model. Overall, our results independently and consistently support a scenario in which a recent or ongoing event of intense RPS acting from the outer disc inwards, causes removal and compression of gas, thus altering the AGN and star formation activity within and around the galaxy. 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. -
GASP XXIII: A Jellyfish Galaxy as an Astrophysical Laboratory of the Baryonic Cycle
With MUSE, Chandra, VLA, ALMA, and UVIT data from the GASP program, we study the multiphase baryonic components in a jellyfish galaxy (JW100) with a stellar mass 3.2 1011 M o hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We present its spectacular extraplanar tails of ionized and molecular gas, UV stellar light, and X-ray and radio continuum emission. This galaxy represents an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between different gas phases and star formation and the influence of gas stripping, gas heating, and AGNs. We analyze the physical origin of the emission at different wavelengths in the tail, in particular in situ star formation (related to H?, CO, and UV emission), synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons (producing the radio continuum), and heating of the stripped interstellar medium (ISM; responsible for the X-ray emission). We show the similarities and differences of the spatial distributions of ionized gas, molecular gas, and UV light and argue that the mismatch on small scales (1 kpc) is due to different stages of the star formation process. We present the relation H?-X-ray surface brightness, which is steeper for star-forming regions than for diffuse ionized gas regions with a high [O i]/H? ratio. We propose that ISM heating due to interaction with the intracluster medium (either for mixing, thermal conduction, or shocks) is responsible for the X-ray tail, observed [O i] excess, and lack of star formation in the northern part of the tail. We also report the tentative discovery in the tail of the most distant (and among the brightest) currently known ULX, a pointlike ultraluminous X-ray source commonly originating in a binary stellar system powered by either an intermediate-mass black hole or a magnetized neutron star. 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. -
GASP XVIII: Star formation quenching due to AGN feedback in the central region of a jellyfish galaxy
We report evidence for star formation quenching in the central 8.6 kpc region of the jellyfish galaxy JO201 that hosts an active galactic nucleus (AGN), while undergoing strong ram-pressure stripping. The ultraviolet imaging data of the galaxy disc reveal a region with reduced flux around the centre of the galaxy and a horse-shoe-shaped region with enhanced flux in the outer disc. The characterization of the ionization regions based on emission line diagnostic diagrams shows that the region of reduced flux seen in the ultraviolet is within the AGN-dominated area. The CO J2-1 map of the galaxy disc reveals a cavity in the central region. The image of the galaxy disc at redder wavelengths (9050-9250 reveals the presence of a stellar bar. The star formation rate map of the galaxy disc shows that the star formation suppression in the cavity occurred in the last few 108 yr. We present several lines of evidence supporting the scenario that suppression of star formation in the central region of the disc is most likely due to the feedback from the AGN. The observations reported here make JO201 a unique case of AGN feedback and environmental effects suppressing star formation in a spiral galaxy. 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. -
Gas Kinematics and Dynamics of Carina Pillars: A Case Study of G287.76-0.87
We study the kinematics of a pillar, namely G287.76-0.87, using three rotational lines of 12CO(5-4), 12CO(8-7), 12CO(11-10), and a fine structure line of [O i] 63 ?m in southern Carina observed by SOFIA/GREAT. This pillar is irradiated by the associated massive star cluster Trumpler 16, which includes ? Carina. Our analysis shows that the relative velocity of the pillar with respect to this ionization source is small, ?1 km s?1, and the gas motion in the tail is more turbulent than in the head. We also performed analytical calculations to estimate the gas column density in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions, which yields N CO as (?0.2-5) 1017 cm?2. We further constrain the gass physical properties in non-LTE conditions using RADEX. The non-LTE estimations result in n H 2 ? 10 5 cm ? 3 and N CO ? 1016 cm?2. We found that the thermal pressure within the G287.76-0.87 pillar is sufficiently high to make it stable for the surrounding hot gas and radiation feedback if the winds are not active. While they are active, stellar winds from the clustered stars sculpt the surrounding molecular cloud into pillars within the giant bubble around ? Carina. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Garlic peel based mesoporous carbon nanospheres for an effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Detailed isotherms and kinetics
Biowaste based nanoadsorbents have gained much attention in the recent times for wastewater decolourization owing to their low cost, high surface area and high adsorption capacities. In the present research, garlic peel based nanoparticles (GCNP) were synthesized at different temperatures by a one step pyrolytic green approach for the effective removal of cationic dye, malachite green from the aqueous medium. The surface properties of Garlic nanoparticles were elucidated by N2 adsorption- desorption and all the GCNP samples were found to exhibit Type IV(a) isotherm indicating the presence of mesopores in carbon matrix. Using BET calculations, highest surface area (380 m2/g) was obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 ?C. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by XRD, EDAX, SEM and FTIR studies before and after the dye treatment. Adsorption studies conducted using different parameters like contact time, concentration and pH and dosage of adsorbent showed removal efficiency above 90% for the contact time of 70 min. Best adsorption experimental results were obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 C ascribable to its high surface area, higher total pore volume (0.26 cm2/g) and higher carbon content. Four adsorption isotherm models were used to validate batch equillibrium studies and the results showed data in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum Langmuir adsorbtion capactiy to be 373.7 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of the data showed best fit with the Pseudo second order model with rate constant value of 48.726 g mg?1 min?1. Regenerative studies were conducted conducted upto 6 cycles. Also the GC nanoparticles were tested for their compatibility in membrane form wherein, removal efficiency results were obtained for GCNP anchored in polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF) membrane matrix for dye adsorption. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Garcinia indica Leaf Extract Derived Ag-Zn Nanocomposites: A Sustainable Approach for Textile Dyes Photodegradation
The recent advancements for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plant biomass offer a promising avenue for the sustainable and environmentally friendly production of nanomaterials. The utilization of plant extracts as bioreductants and capping agents leverages naturally occurring biomolecules for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles, minimizing environmental impacts and promoting a more sustainable nanotechnology landscape. This study explores the biofabrication of silver-zinc nanocomposites (Ag-Zn NCs) using Garcinia indica leaf extract, offering a green and sustainable alternative to conventional methods. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, XRD and TEM analyses. The UV-vis spectra confirmed the formation of nanocomposites with distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks (355 nm and 408 nm). FTIR identified functional groups involved in the bioreduction, while XRD indicated a crystalline size of 6.26 nm. TEM images revealed a mixture of hexagonal, spherical and rod-shaped nanocomposites with an average size of 40.37 nm. Furthermore, the study evaluated the photocatalytic activity of the Ag-Zn NCs against various reactive textile dyes (RY-86, RY-145, RB-220 and RB-222). Remarkably, the nanoparticles achieved an impressive 87-100% degradation of these dyes within 160-320 min under UV irradiation. This highlights the potential of biofabricated Ag-Zn NCs for environmental remediation, particularly in treating dye contaminated industrial effluents. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using G. indica leaf extract for the sustainable synthesis of Ag-Zn NCs with efficient dye degradation capabilities. 2024 Asian Publication Corporation. All rights reserved. -
Garbage Management and Monitoring System Using IOT Applications
The main purpose of this application, in addition to boosting the vision of a smart city, is to reduce humankinds effort and resources while simultaneously enhancing the vision. The squashing of the dustbin will occur on a regular schedule. It will be possible to manage waste more efficiently when these sensible garbage bins are implemented on a large scale and replace our previously designed dumpster, as it eliminates the need for waste to be piled up on the roadside in the first place. When managing the trash containers, wireless sensor systems in networks (WSN) in connection with the IoT technologies are used. On the other hand, sensors are used to monitor the container contents in real-time, with results displayed on the website, and the sensed contents are then evaluated to determine the optimal container distribution. This allows for the processing of a variety of waste types depending on the needs of the customer. As a result of installing ultrasonic sensors in each bin, garbage levels are continuously checked. As a result of this notification, the bin will be cleared. 2023, Bentham Books imprint. -
Ganga and Yamuna Rivers: Through the Lens of the National Green Tribunal
Despite the country's extensive environmental jurisprudence and many historic rulings in which the courts have rescued worsening environmental situations, river (Ganga and Yamuna) water does not match the mandated minimum "bathing quality." Rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna, which flow through numerous states and towns, would be in a different situation. Without strict monitoring and enforcement of the measures, no action plan can work. Punishment of defaulters can serve as deterrence while also instilling fear in other non-compliant enterprises. In comparison to environmental legislation, the NGT Act allows for substantially harsher fines and penalties. River rejuvenation plans must be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not suffer the same fate. Making action plans will not improve river water quality unless they are implemented with sincerity and consistency, as well as continuous monitoring and severe enforcement. 2022 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved. -
Gandhiji and RSS: The Cultural Grounding of Social Representations
Exploring the cordial relationship and mutual respect between Gandhiji and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), this article critically examines the political rhetoric against the RSS and its implications. As a nationalist cultural organisation, the RSS had been well aligned with most of the social and cultural programmes initiated by Gandhiji. When critics of the RSS like Jawaharlal Nehru were keen on crushing the RSS, the truth-seeking political philosopher Gandhiji applauded its discipline, annihilation of untouchability and the rigorous simplicity. This article demonstrates how the serious charges against the RSS that were brought to the notice of Gandhiji by a section of Congress leaders further cemented the cultural grounding of social representations between the two, instead of making Gandhiji be the stranger of the RSS. 2023 ICHR. -
Gammaless gamma-ray bursts?
One of the possible resolutions of the compactness problem in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is by invoking the Lorentz factors associated with the relativistic bulk motion. This model applies to GRBs where sufficient energy is converted to accelerate the ejected matter to relativistic speeds. In some situations, this may not be a possible mechanism, and as a result, the gamma rays are trapped in the region. In this work, we look at such possible scenarios and where the neutrino pair production process can dominate. As a result, the neutrinos can escape freely. This could give rise to a scenario where the release of neutrinos precedes the gamma-ray emission that is much attenuated. This model can thus possibly explain why fewer GRBs are observed than what is expected. 2023, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. -
Gamma irradiation effects in InBi0.8Te0.2 crystals grown by horizontal directional freezing
The high-energy gamma-ray irradiation treatment using Co-60 isotope offers the possibility of engineering mechanical and optoelectronic properties of InBi0.8Te0.2 crystals. Tellurium-doped indium bismuthide (InBi) crystals were prepared by horizontal directional freezing technique. Dose-dependent modifications in structure, composition and surface topographical features have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray energy-dispersive analysis, transmission electron and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss were found to increase with the cumulative dose of radiation, and a shift in the ferroelectric transition temperature (T0c0) from 405 to 410 K was observed for 25 kGy. Upon irradiation, there is an enhancement in microhardness (H0V0), yield stress (sigma; 0y0) and stiffness constant (C0110). The optical transmittance was decreased by 12.45%, resulting in a reduction in the optical band gap from 0.210 eV to 0.198 eV. These results indicate the suitability of InBi00.80Sb00.20 crystals for low-wavelength infrared applications. The Chinese Society for Metals and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015. -
Gamification in Tourism Teaching and Learning: Exploring the Emergent Dimensions
First introduced in 2002 by British Programmer Nick Pelling, the term gamification has gained massive momentum in the last decade with extensive applications in teaching and learning (Hebebci & Selahattin, Current Studies in Social Sciences 2021:174, 2021). In its simplest form, gamification refers to the adoption of principles and design elements of various games in nongame situations (Deterding et al. From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 915), 2011). Further, the interaction between the students and technological interventions is rising, opening new avenues for innovative strategies like gamification to promote effective teaching and learning (Kapp, The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. Wiley, 2012). In the context of tourism, works of (Nair, B. B. Endorsing gamification pedagogy as a helpful strategy to offset the COVID-19 induced disruptions in tourism education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100362, 2022.) and Aguiar-Castillo, Herndez-Lez, De SaPez, and Pez-JImez (Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100267, 2020) provide insights into the various facets of gamification as a tool for teaching and learning. However, these works hardly address the emerging issues in adoption, implementation, and barriers that have been dealt with in this chapter. Against this backdrop, the first section of this paper ventures into the various implications of gamification in the field of tourism teaching and learning. Next, taking cues from significant land marking studies, this work lists the factors responsible for making gamification an effective teaching and learning tool in tourism. Lastly, attempts have been made to underline the elements that may pose challenges in the path of the rise of gamification as a teaching and learning tool. This work can be primarily classified as a conceptual paper with a systematically drawn inductive approach. Majority of the paper has been drafted based on the review of critical works derived from the search of keywords such as gamification and tourism and teaching and learning on major search engines such as Scopus, Web of Science, and JSTOR. The authors conclude that gamification as a teaching and learning tool in tourism education is still its necesent stages of implementation, and there are an equal number of challenges that need to be addressed before it (gamification) becomes a mainstream tool in tourism teaching and learning. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024. -
Gamification in teacher education: Teacher educators and trainee teachers' perspectives in India
Gamification emerged as a teaching-learning pedagogy in recent years. Its usage increased during the Covid-19 lockdown and continued post-pandemic time. Its usage ranges from online to offline tools; teachers lack its awareness as a pedagogy. The present study aimed to understand perspectives of teacher educators and teacher trainees on inclusion of gamification pedagogical training in teacher preparation programmes. The study employed a mixed-method approach and included qual-quant sequential explanatory research design. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six teacher educators and six trainee teachers and collected the opinion of 200 teacher educators and trainee teachers. The study employed inductive thematic analysis and Chi-square analysis for qualitative and quantitative data respectively. Findings revealed six main themes and twelve sub-themes. Chi-square revealed a gender science-stereotype amid association between teacher educators and teacher trainees' opinion. Senior teacher educators did not believe in the importance of gamification inclusion in teacher preparation. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gamification in Education and Its Impact on Student MotivationA Critical Review
In education, gamification refers to including game characteristics and design ideas in the classroom setting. Over the previous five years, gamification has increased student motivation and academic performance. This study will examine the previous literature to see how gamification will disseminate over time, educational level (from nursery to college), causes, and the most frequently used game elements. A systematic literature review will search interdisciplinary databases for quantitative experimental studies examining educational gamification and providing information on current research lines. According to the findings of a comprehensive research study, gamification can be advantageous at all academic levels, from elementary school to college. Following systematic research, gamified learning can increase students motivation and intellectual accomplishment. Student learning may be made more pleasurable via gamification, which is the first advantage of this type of instruction. When used in the classroom, gamification can assist students who are weak in motivation and performing poorly academically. Because of the diversity of challenges and rewards that gaming parts provide, incorporating gaming elements into the classroom may serve as a motivational tool for students to learn. In the study's findings, students who enrolled in educational gamification courses were shown to be more interested and participatory than students enrolled in regular classrooms, on average. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Gamification for industry 5.0 at the core of society 5.0
Gamification has become a popular approach to engage employees, customers, and other stakeholders in various industries. With the advent of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0, the use of gamification is expected to increase, as companies and organizations look for innovative ways to enhance productivity, creativity, and collaboration. Industry 5.0 is the next phase of industrial development, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as AI, IoT, and robotics, with human skills and creativity. Society 5.0, on the other hand, refers to a human-centered society that leverages technology to create solutions for social problems. This chapter explores the potential of gamification in the context of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0. It discusses the various applications of gamification, including training, education, marketing, and sustainability. It also examines the benefits of gamification, such as increased engagement, motivation, and collaboration. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gamification and Game-Based Learning: A Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis
In the modern world, characterized by the rapid development of technology and digitalization of almost all spheres of life, it is necessary to keep up with the times and gradually introduce information technology into our lives. This will allow us to remain competitive in a changing world, take advantage of new opportunities and improve our quality of life. It is important to understand that information technology is not just a fashion trend, but a necessary tool for successful development and progress. The paper examines the very concept of gamification, the main methods of introducing gamification into education, highlights the advantages of learning with the addition of gamification, and also works on comparing learning with and without gamification elements. The introduction of game elements into the educational process helps to improve the perception of educational material, as well as increase the level of motivation of the students themselves. It is worth noting that the learning process with the addition of game elements helps to improve attention, develop logical thinking, as well as analyze various situations. Gamification can be viewed from several angles. For a teacher, this teaching method will help to capture the attention of children, which will help create a working atmosphere in the classroom. And for students, gamification is a great opportunity to explore really important topics in game mode. They will have an increased interest in learning, which will have a beneficial effect on their further academic performance and learning. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Game Rules Prediction Winning Strategies Using Decision Tree Algorithms
With the availability of extensive data spanning over the years, sports have become an emerging field of research. The application of analytics in cricket has become prominent over the years. Cricket, the most loved sport in India, draws the attention of fans worldwide. The Indian Premier League is no exception. Created in 2008, this franchise-based T20 format of cricket has gripped the attention of cricket enthusiasts. With ardent fans cheering for their favorite teams, teams have mounting pressure to maintain their winning streak. One such team is the beloved Chennai Super Kings. Statistical techniques for winner prediction have become popular over the last decade. In this study, we try to frame decision rules for IPL teams to win a series using the CART algorithm. By considering Chennai Super Kings, this study aims to understand the criteria for winning and identify potential weaknesses, allowing the team to predict the likelihood of winning the IPL series. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
GalNAc-siRNA conjugates: Prospective tools on the frontier of anti-viral therapeutics
The growing use of short-interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics for viral diseases reflects the most recent innovations in anti-viral vaccines and drugs. These drugs play crucial roles in the fight against many hitherto incurable diseases, the causes, pathophysiologies, and molecular processes of which remain unknown. Targeted liver drug delivery systems are in clinical trials. The receptor-mediated endocytosis approach involving the abundant asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on the surfaces of liver cells show great promise. We here review N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugates that treat viral diseases such as hepatitis B infection, but we also mention that novel, native conjugate-based, targeted siRNA anti-viral drugs may also cure several life-threatening diseases such as hemorrhagic cystitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronaviruses and human herpes virus. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Galerkin finite element analysis of magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection of Cu-water nanoliquid in a baffled U-shaped enclosure
In this paper, single-phase homogeneous nanofluid model is proposed to investigate the natural convection of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Newtonian CuH2O nanoliquid in a baffled U-shaped enclosure. The Brinkman model and Wasp model are considered to measure the effective dynamic viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid correspondingly. Nanoliquid's effective properties such as specific heat, density and thermal expansion coefficient are modeled using mixture theory. The complicated PDS (partial differential system) is treated for numeric solutions via the Galerkin ?nite element method. The pertinent parameters Hartmann number (1 ? Ha ? 60), Rayleigh number (103 ? Ra ? 106) and nanoparticles volume fraction (0% ? ? ? 4%) are taken for the parametric analysis, and it is conducted via streamlines and isotherms. Excellent agreement between numerical results and open literature. It is ascertained that heat transfer rate enhances with Rayleigh number Ra and volume fraction ?, however it is diminished for larger Hartmann number Ha. 2020 Beihang University -
GaitRec-Net: A Deep Neural Network for Gait Disorder Detection Using Ground Reaction Force
Walking (gait) irregularities and abnormalities are predictors and symptoms of disorder and disability. In the past, elaborate video (camera-based) systems, pressure mats, or a mix of the two has been used in clinical settings to monitor and evaluate gait. This article presents an artificial intelligence-based comprehensive investigation of ground reaction force (GRF) pattern to classify the healthy control and gait disorders using the large-scale ground reaction force. The used dataset comprised GRF measurements from different patients. The article includes machine learning- and deep learning-based models to classify healthy and gait disorder patients using ground reaction force. A deep learning-based architecture GaitRec-Net is proposed for this classification. The classification results were evaluated using various metrics, and each experiment was analysed using a fivefold cross-validation approach. Compared to machine learning classifiers, the proposed deep learning model is found better for feature extraction resulting in high accuracy of classification. As a result, the proposed framework presents a promising step in the direction of automatic categorization of abnormal gait pattern. 2022 Chandrasen Pandey et al.