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Offline Handwritten Character and Numeral Recognition: A Kernel-Based Approach
Automatic character recognition for the handwritten Indic script is a challenging area for research in the field of pattern recognition. Although a great amount of research work has been reported, all the state-of-the-art methods are limited with optimal features. This article aims to suggest a well-defined recognition model which harnessed upon handwritten Odia characters and numerals by implementing a novel process of decomposition in terms of 3rd level fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCT) to get higher dimension feature vector. After that, kernel-principal component analysis (K-PCA) is considered to obtain optimal features from FDCT feature. Finally, the classification is performed by using probabilistic neural network (PNN) on a handwritten Odia character and numeral dataset from both NIT Rourkela and IIT Bhubaneswar. The outcome of the proposed scheme performs better compared to existing models with optimized Gaussian kernel-based feature sets. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
E-Development and Sustainable Management Education for Effective Leadership and Sustainable Society
Electronic development is the process of systematic evolution for mankind and society at large that ensures the overall progress of the electronic mode of learning, education, healthcare, society, and corporate governance. The main objective of the chapter was to address the impacts of e-development and sustainable management education for effective leadership that leads to constructing a sustainable society. The required data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from 120 respondents. The secondary data sources included official websites. The study is empirical and various statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, and t-test were executed for data analysis. The results of the research study were indicated the high degree and low degree of contribution from e-development and sustainable management education are not significant between effective leadership and sustainable society. E-development can be effective for creating a sustainable society with the goal setting of improving effective leadership skills. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
h-almost Ricci Solitons on Generalized Sasakian-space-forms
The aim of this article is to study the h-almost Ricci solitons and h-almost gradient Ricci solitons on generalized Sasakian-space-forms. First, we consider h-almost Ricci soliton with the potential vector field V as a contact vector field on generalized Sasakian-space-form of dimension greater than three. Next, we study h-almost gradient Ricci solitons on a three-dimensional quasi-Sasakian generalized Sasakian-space-form. In both the cases, several interesting results are obtained Kyungpook Mathematical Journal -
Cognitive Fuzzy-based Behavioral Learning System for Augmenting the Automated Multi-issue Negotiation in the E-commerce Applications
Evolution of agent-based technology presents behavioral learning and sustainable negotiation challenges in e-commerce applications. In particular, the challenge of designing the negotiation strategy to incorporate sustainability in e-commerce business that can leverage the agent to reach its objectives by increasing the negotiation coordination and cooperation with the opponent agents. Therefore, the proposed research introduces the negotiation strategy sustainable solution using a cognitive fuzzy-based behavioral learning system which can change the preferences of negotiating agents according to human psychological characteristics. It will mimic the attitudes of human risk, patience and regret during the course of bilateral negotiation and also change the preference structures according to the fuzzy logic rules. As a result, the proposed negotiation strategy makes significant improvements on various parameters such as utility value, success rate, total negotiation time, and communication overhead while changing the negotiation rounds from 50 to 500. Since this system leverages the negotiation strategy of the agent by taking appropriate decisions to reach better agreement based on the interest, belief and psychological characteristics of negotiating opponents. Moreover, the usage of negotiation in the cloud-based platform can leverage the e-commerce applications to handle as many requests as possible due to its dynamic elasticity. 2022 Taiwan Academic Network Management Committee. All rights reserved. -
Bioconvective DarcyFrochherimer flow of the ReeEyring nanofluid through a stretching sheet with velocity and thermal slips
In the current study, the bioconvective flow of ReeEyring through an expanding sheet with the porous medium is analyzed by considering the inclined magnetic field and gyrotactic microorganisms. Buongiorno's model, which defines the two major mechanisms; thermophoresis and Brownian motion is used to frame the mathematical model. The presence of motile cells helps in stabilizing the nanoparticle and avoids the sedimentation due to nanoparticles. The mathematical model with these assumptions is framed using partial differential equations (PDE) that are later remodeled to ordinary nonlinear differential equations by incorporating desirable similarity transformation. The equations so obtained shall be solved using DTM and the outcomes are described through graphs and tables. The graphs indicated that the velocity of the nanofluid flow reduces with the increase in the porosity and similarly, the higher values of Peclet number (Pe) are found to diminish the motile density. Whereas the increase in the thermophoresis parameter enhances the thermal and mass profiles of the nanofluid. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Entropy Based Segmentation Model for Kidney Stone and Cyst on Ultrasound Image
Segmentation of abnormal masses in kidney images is a tough task. One of the main challenges is the presence of speckle noise, which will restrain the valuable information for the medical practitioners. Hence, the detection and segmentation of the affected regions vary in accuracies. The proposed model includes pre-processing and segmentation of the diseased region. The pre-processing consists of Gaussian filtering and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLHE) to improve the clarity of the images. Further, segmentation has been done based on the entropy of the image and gamma correction has been done to improve the overall brightness of the images. An optimal global threshold value is selected to extract the region of interest and measures the area. The model is analyzed with statistical parameters like Jaccard index and Dice coefficient and compared with the ground truth images. To check the accuracy of the segmentation, relative error is calculated. This framework can be used by radiologists in diagnosing kidney patients. 2022, International Journal of Computing. All Rights Reserved. -
Relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small business owners: Evidence from India
Micro and small businesses financially suffered due to COVID-19 in India. This financial suffering created financial stress among them and deteriorated their financial well-being. However, micro and small business owners exhibit financial resilience by bouncing back to regular business activities through their hope, optimism, and selfefficacy, which are the components of positive psychological capital. This study analyzes the relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small firm owners keeping financial resilience as a mediator and positive psychological capital as a moderator in the mediation. This descriptive analysis employed a survey method to collect primary data using the interview method. The interview method was used as most micro and small business owners are comfortable with interaction rather than filling out the questionnaires due to the language barrier. The sample size is 384 respondents, as per Krejcie and Morgan's formula. The mean scores indicate a moderate degree of financial stress (2.354), financial resilience (2.623), and financial well-being (2.637). The level of financial stress differs based on the respondents' gender. Financial stress is more among female business owners (2.504) than their male counterparts (2.265). Further, business owners who earn more have a higher level of financial resilience (2.985), psychological capital (2.951), and financial well-being (2.711). Financial stress significantly impacts financial well-being (28.4%). Financial resilience has a partial mediation effect (65%) on financial stress and financial well-being. Finally, psychological capital moderates indirect relationships among financial stress, financial resilience, and financial well-being. Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, Nagalingam Kannan, Issac Elias, Vinita Seshadri, 2022. -
Eye-Vision Net: Cataract Detection and Classification in Retinal and Slit Lamp Images using Deep Network
In the modern world, cataracts are the predominant cause of blindness. Early treatment and detection can reduce the number of cataract patients and prevent surgery. However, cataract grade classification is necessary to control risk and avoid blindness. Previously, various studies focused on developing a system to detect cataract type and grade. However, the existing works on cataract detection does not provide optimal results because of high detection error, lack of learning ability, computational complexity issues, etc. Therefore, the proposed work aims to develop an effective deep learning techniques for detecting and classifying cataracts from the given input samples. Here, the cataract detection and classification are performed using two phases. In order to provide an accurate cataract detection, the proposed study introduced Deep Optimized Convolutional Recurrent Network_Improved Aquila Optimization (Deep OCRN_IAO) model in phase I. Here, both retinal and slit lamp images are utilized for cataract detection. Then, the performance of these two image datasets are analysed, and the best one is chosen for cataract type and grade classification. By analysing the performance, the slit lamp images attain higher results. Therefore, phase II uses slit lamp images and detects the type and grade of cataracts through the proposed Batch Equivalence ResNet-101 (BE_ResNet101) model. The proposed classification model is highly efficient to classify the type and grades of cataracts. The experimental setup is done using MATLAB software, and the datasets used for simulation purposes are DRIMDB (Diabetic Retinopathy Images Database) and real-time slit lamp images. The proposed type and grade detection model has an accuracy of 98.87%, specificity of 99.66%, the sensitivity of 98.28%, Youden index of 95.04%, Kappa of 97.83%, and F1-score is 95.68%. The obtained results and comparative analysis proves that the proposed model is highly suitable for cataract detection and classification. 2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved. -
Implementation of multicloud strategies for healthcare organisations to avoid cloud sprawl
Healthcare organisations are being overwhelmed by data, devices and apps, and disjointed multiple cloud services. Well-heeled multicloud can provide a unified cloud model that provides greater control and scalability at reduced costs. Healthcare multicloud is turning into an appealing path for associations to manage the blast of advanced healthcare information in digital health, internet of things, associated gadgets and healthcare applications. As more human services associations grasp distributed computing, they are progressively going to a blend of open, private, and hybrid cloud administrations and foundation. In fact most of the healthcare service organisations plan to utilise different cloud vendors over the upcoming years. While having multiple cloud vendors can give organisations more flexibility and redundancy, managing multiple clouds can be a challenge. It can lead to cloud sprawl, unauthorised cloud use known as shadow IT, disjointed cloud solutions, inefficiencies, and waste. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Trade Integration and Export Aspiration: Evidence from India's Trade in Goods with BRICS Countries
The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of trade between India and the BRICS countries as well as to gauge the relative strength of Indian exports to those nations. The trade integration patterns among BRICS countries were also analyzed. To quantify the extent to which India's exports correspond to the needs of its BRICS counterparts, a novel export aspiration index was constructed. The index of trade integration patterns has also been employed to quantify India's trade integration pattern with other BRICS members. Further, the gravity model of trade has been employed to analyze the fundamentals of India-BRICS trade. The export aspiration in individual BRICS countries shows a diverse pattern. However, India's export aspiration in these countries has improved, although marginally in the long run. Such empirical evidence substantiates that the relative strength of India's exports within its BRICS counterparts has marginally improved over time. Moreover, the trade integration index indicates a similar trade integration pattern among the BRICS countries and corroborates the presence of inter-industry trade. Added to the conventional variables of the gravity model, India's outward multilateral trade resistance and BRICS inward multilateral trade resistance significantly promote India-BRICS trade. Hence, the relative strength of Indian exports will increase substantially if India's commodity composition is diversified by including more commodities in its export baskets that correspond to the needs and changing conditions of the BRICS economies. Copyright 2022 Mudaser Ahad Bhat, Aamir Jamal, Mirza Nazrana Beg. -
The visibility challenge: digital platforms giving a face to Indian small and medium enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in the economy of any country and have even remarkable influence on the countries with developing economies. The current study sketches the importance of social media, integrated marketing communication (IMC), and social customer relationship management and their transformation in small and medium business front which results in increased interaction and communication with their customers. The research uses a mix-method approach to elaborate on how small and medium businesses can increase visibility and reachability by gaining value through the usage of social media. The aim of this research is to highlight the challenges faced by SMEs, examine the usage of different digital platforms by Indian SMEs to resolve these difficulties and determine its impact on the business for improved visibility of small and medium businesses when competition is hitting hard on all businesses. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Zomatos dilemma a case of disgruntled delivery partners at Zomato
Learning outcomes: This case study provides students/managers an opportunity to learn about:??Learning objective 1: Critically analyse reasons for the disgruntlement of delivery partners of Zomato.??Learning objective 2: Evaluate Zomatos moral obligations to gig workers in the absence of government regulations.??Learning objective 3: Analyse the drivers of well-being affecting e-commerce delivery partners.??Learning objective 4: Evaluate the welfare schemes undertaken by Zomato for its delivery partners and infer well-being measures that can be adopted to improve worker engagement. Case overview/synopsis: The focus of this case was the crisis at Zomato as a result of the protests by gig workers engaged as delivery partners at the company. This case discussed the CEOs dilemma in resolving the crisis. Zomato's business model was discussed to provide students an overview of the dynamics and challenges of online food delivery business; the companys initiatives to enhance the robustness of its business model and the resulting media backlash questioning some of these initiatives that could endanger the lives of its delivery partners. In addition, this case explored the lack of regulatory provisions for gig workers in India. Finally, the options available to the protagonist to mitigate the crisis were discussed. The focal point was the well-being initiatives that the protagonist could consider implementing to address the concerns voiced by the delivery partners and encourage them to engage in Zomato's business with positivity. Complexity academic level: The case is best suited for postgraduate and executive students studying Human Resources subjects in Commerce and Business Management streams. Supplementary material: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 6: Human Resource Management. 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Optimal Siting of Capacitors in Distribution Grids Considering Electric Vehicle Load Growth Using Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm
The optimal VAr compensation using capacitor banks (CBs) in radial distribution networks (RDNs) is solved in this paper while taking the growth of the load from electric vehicles (EVs) into consideration. This is accomplished by adapting an improved variant of the flower pollination algorithm (IFPA) with an enhanced local search capability. The primary objective of determining the locations and sizes of CBs is to minimize the distribution losses in the operation and control of RDNs. Additionally, the effect of CBs is shown by the increased net savings, greater voltage stability, and improved voltage profile. A voltage stability index (VSI) was used in the optimization process to determine the predefined search space for CB locations, and a double-direction learning strategy (DLS) was then considered to optimize the locations and sizes while maintaining a balance between the exploration and exploitation phases. Three IEEE RDNs were used to simulate various EV load increase scenarios as well as typical loading situations. According to a comparison with the literature, the IPFA produced global optimum results, and the proposed CBs allocation approach demonstrated enhanced performance in RDNs under all scenarios of EV load growth. 2022, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All Rights Reserved. -
AIFMS Autonomous Intelligent Fall Monitoring System for the Elderly Persons
Falls are the major cause of injuries and death of elders who live alone at home. Various research works have provided the best solution to the fall detection approach during the day. However, falls occur more at night due to many factors such as low or zero lighting conditions, intake of medication/drugs, frequent urination due to nocturia disease, and slippery restroom. Based on the required factors, an autonomous monitoring system based on night condition has been proposed through retro-reflective stickers pasted on their upper cloth and infrared cameras installed in the living environment of elders. The developed system uses features such as changes in orientation angle and distance between the retro-reflective stickers to identify the human shape and its characteristics for fall identification. Experimental analysis has also been performed on various events of fall and non-fall activities during the night exclusively in the living environment of the elder, and the system achieves an accuracy of 96.2% and fall detection rate of 92.9%. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
Impact of the Pandemic on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Entrepreneurship is crucial for the global economy, as it helps ideas develop from the drawing board to an executable stage. An excellent economic state of a country is the outcome of a well-designed system where the stakeholders interact with each other towards innovation and social development. This study is an empirical investigation into the COVID pandemic and its effects on the Indian entrepreneurial eco-system. Primary data was collected from 155 entrepreneurs of India, who were independent and first movers of entrepreneurs in their family during COVID times. Poor planning, exhausting resources, a slowdown in productivity, lower employment, and employee retention were the after-effects of the pandemic. It was found that the pandemic negatively affected the entrepreneurial ecosystem and its stakeholders. However, constant support by the government and well-designed policy measures would help assist existing businesses affected due to COVID-19 and encourage the entrepreneurial future in India. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: DYNAMICS FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is increasingly turning out to become a global endeavor and has recently been extended to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. The diversity in the makeup of the nation-states in the region poses several challenges concerning the regions association with the BRI. For instance, Venezuela has borrowed heavily from China while being mired in economic troubles. The Venezuelan example serves as a caution to others as well as China on the intricacies of debt management and lending. This paper aims to study the challenges and risks arising from the Belt and Road Initiative extending to Latin America and the Caribbean region. This paper also tries to analyze as to whether a win-win outcome can be achieved for both China and the LAC nation-states and as to what China seeks from the region. An attempt has been made to evaluate the role that the global environment might play in this evolving relationship between China and the LAC nation-states. The paper also analyzes the post pandemic BRI investment in the LAC region 2022, Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy and International Relations.All Rights Reserved. -
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Detecting Driver Drowsiness
The number of automobiles on the road grows in lock-step with the advancement of vehicle manufacturing. Road accidents appear to be on the rise, owing to this growing proliferation of vehicles. Accidents frequently occur in our daily lives, and are the top ten causes of mortality from injuries globally. It is now an important component of the worldwide public health burden. Every year, an estimated 1.2 million people are killed in car ac-cidents. Driver drowsiness and weariness are major con-tributors to traffic accidents this study relies on computer software and photographs, as well as a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to assess whether a motorist is tired. The Driver Drowsiness System is built on the Multi-Layer Feed-Forward Network concept CNN was created using around 7,000 photos of eyes in both sleepiness and non-drowsiness phases with various face layouts. These photos were divided into two datasets: training (80% of the images) and testing (20% of the images). For training purposes, the pictures in the training dataset are fed into the network. To decrease information loss as much as feasible, backpropagation techniques and optimizers are applied. We developed an algorithm to calculate ROI as well as track and evaluate motor and visual impacts. 2022, Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements. All rights reserved. -
Can mobile banking apps usage contribute towards the environmental sustainability: a mediation analysis
In digital transformation, digital finance has emerged as an alternative to conventional financial services. Currently, digital financial aspects and environmental sustainability are urgent issues receiving research attention for environmental mitigation. This empirical research addresses digital finance on environmental sustainability through mobile banking app usage. It is among the convenient digital financial technologies developed in recent years for the benefit of various stakeholders. The current model integrated UTAUT2 with perceived security and environmental sustainability. The partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis and other statistical power. This paper provides sustainable perspectives encouraging the Indian tribals to adopt digital technology in financial transactions. The findings have several important policy implications for developing countries, particularly vulnerable populace and those settled in remote areas. This research confirms the positive relations of mobile banking app usage on environmental sustainability through a cross-sectional approach. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Correlation Between Evaluative Beliefs of Patients, Reminder and Medication Adherence
Patients often fail to comply with the instructions given by their physicians. They miss the timing, forget, neglect, or procrastinate taking their medication. This deteriorates the health and causes financial burden to the patient and family. Reminders have been successfully used in many phases of day-to-day activities, increasing the efficiency and productivity. This paper tries to identify the relationship between reminder and the perception of importance of medication based on 15 different factors. These factors have been further assessed to find their relationship with adherence of medication. Hence, with a two-way approach, the studies use exploratory factor analysis method to identify the latent factors, and these latent factors have been used to find the correlation between reminder and adherence through confirmatory factor analysis. It was found that there is positive and significant correlation between reminder and the latent factors and also between the latent factors and adherence. 2022 IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Beach Tourism in India
COVID-19 Pandemic has a profound Impact on the Indian tourism sector, especially on beach tourism. Research shows significant changes in the pattern of the ecological terrain of coastal areas and on the community dependent on tourism business and marine life, due to the imposition of lockdown for several months. The paper discusses the change in behavioral patterns of people during Pre and Post COVID-19 for visiting any beach destination in near future in terms of preferences in accommodation, selection of beaches based on crowd and other factors that will be considered in post pandemic days. This study brings out various key indicators shaping the pattern of beach holidays in the future based on the survey conducted among tourists belonging to youth population. The survey considered the tourists preferences of visits and factors they would look upon to choose beach holidaying in the Post COVID-19 years. The influence of the pandemic on quality of beaches, visitorswillingness to visit beaches in future, Post Pandemic opportunities and strategies of destinations for shaping tourism further have also been examined. Copyright IJHTS.