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Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Molecules: A Review
Hydroxylated polyphenols, also called flavonoids, are richly present in vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, herbs, seeds, stems, and flowers of numerous plants. They possess numerous medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammation. Studies show that flavonoids activate antioxidant pathways that render an anti-inflammatory effect. They inhibit the secretions of enzymes such as lysozymes and ?-glucuronidase and inhibit the secretion of arachidonic acid, which reduces inflammatory reactions. Flavonoids such as quercetin, genistein, apigenin, kaempferol, and epigallocatechin 3-gallate modulate the expression and activation of a cytokine such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1?), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8); regulate the gene expression of many pro-inflammatory molecules such s nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B), activator protein-1 (AP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), and E-selectins; and also inhibits inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and lipoxygenase, which are pro-inflammatory enzymes. Understanding the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids provides better treatment options, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, obstructive pulmonary disorder, arthritis, Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This review highlights the sources, biochemical activities, and role of flavonoids in enhancing human health. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Flat Unglazed Transpired Solar Collector: Performance Probability Prediction Approach Using Monte Carlo Simulation Technique
Engineering applications including food processing, wastewater treatment, home heating, commercial heating, and institutional heating successfully use unglazed transpired solar collectors (UTCs). Trapping of solar energy is the prime goal of developing an unglazed transpired solar collector. The UTC is usually developed in and around the walls of the building and absorbs the solar energy to heat the air. One of the key challenges faced by the UTC designer is the prediction of performance and its warranty under uncertain operating conditions of flow variables. Some of the flow features are the velocity distribution, plate temperature, exit temperature and perforation location. The objective of the present study was to establish correlations among these flow features and demonstrate a method of predicting the performance of the UTC. Hence, a correlation matrix was generated from the dataset prepared after solving the airflow over a perforated flat UTC. Further, both strong and weak correlations of flow features were captured through Pearsons correlation coefficient. A comparison between the outcomes from a linear regression model and that of computational simulation was showcased. The performance probability for the UTC was interlinked with correlation matrix data. The Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict the performance from random values of the flow parameters. The study showed that the difference between the free stream value of temperature and the value of temperature inside the UTCs chamber varied between 15 and 20 C. The probability of achieving system efficiency greater than 35% was 55.2%. This has raised the hope of recommending the UTC for drying and heating where the required temperature differential is within 20 C. 2022 by the authors. -
Flares during eclipses of high-mass X-ray binary systems Vela X-1, 4U 1700?37, and LMC X-4
In eclipsing X-ray binary systems, the direct X-ray emission is blocked by the companion star during the eclipse. We observe only reprocessed emission that contains clues about the environment of the compact object and its chemical composition, ionization levels, etc. We have found flares in some X-ray binaries during their eclipses. The study of eclipse flares provides additional clues regarding the size of the reprocessing region and helps distinguish between different components of the X-ray spectrum observed during the eclipse. In the archival data, we searched for flares during eclipses of high-mass X-ray binaries and found flares in three sources: Vela X-1, LMC X-4, and 4U 1700?37. Comparing spectral properties of the eclipse flare and non-flare data, we found changes in the power-law photon index in all three sources and multiple emission lines in Vela X-1 and 4U 1700-37. The fluxes of prominent emission lines showed a similar increase as the overall X-ray flux during the eclipse flare, suggesting the lines originate in the binary environment and not in the interstellar medium. We also observed a soft excess in 4U 1700-37 that remains unchanged during both eclipse flare and non-flare states. Our analysis suggests that this emission originates from the extremely thin shell of the stellar wind surrounding the photosphere of its companion star. The detection of short (100200 s) count-rate doubling time-scale in 4U 1700?37 and LMC X-4 indicates that the eclipse reprocessing occurs in a region larger than, but comparable to the size of the companion star. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
FL-XGBTC: federated learning inspired with XG-boost tuned classifier for YouTube spam content detection
The problem of spam content in YouTube comments is an ongoing issue, and detecting such content is a critical task to maintain the quality of user experience on the platform. In this study, we propose a Federated Learning Inspired XG-Boost Tuned Classifier, FL-XGBTC, for YouTube spam content detection. The proposed model leverages the advantages of federated learning, which enables the training of a model collaboratively across multiple devices without sharing raw data. The FL-XGBTC model is based on the XGBoost algorithm, which is a powerful and widely used ensemble learning algorithm for classification tasks. The proposed model was trained on a large and diverse dataset of YouTube comments, which includes both spam and non-spam comments. The results demonstrate that the FL-XGBTC model achieved a high level of accuracy in detecting spam content in YouTube comments, outperforming several baseline models. Additionally, the proposed model provides the benefit of preserving user privacy, which is a critical consideration in modern machine-learning applications. Overall, the proposed Federated Learning Inspired XG-Boost Tuned Classifier provides a promising solution for YouTube spam content detection that leverages the benefits of federated learning and ensemble learning algorithms. The major contribution of this work is to demonstrate and propose a framework for showing a distributed federated classifier for the multiscale classification of youtube spam comments using the Ensemble learning method. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden 2024. -
Fixed points in n-gonal graphical b-metric spaces under contractive conditions
In this paper, we will define a new metric space called n-gonal graphical b-metric space. We will also prove some fixed point theorems in said metric space and give suitable examples to illustrate our results. These results will help to solve many nonlinear convex models in machine learning and optimization by formulating them in fixed point schemes of optimization. Our paper opens the door for researchers to work in the intersecting area of machine learning and functional analysis in the frame work of n-gonal graphical b-metric space. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
FITNESS TRAINERS PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS AND GYM GOERS EXERCISE INTENTION
In line with the law of attraction, physical attractiveness has been widely used in marketing as well as advertising due to its potency in persuading consumers to take action. However, would physical attractiveness of a fitness trainer influence gym goers intention to exercise? This question motivated this research. Based on recent literature reviews, several research constructs were identified to form a research framework to investigate the physical attractiveness phenomena in the fitness industry. Hypothetically, the impact of the physical attractiveness of a fitness trainer on gym goers exercise intention is postulated to be mediated by trainers perceived expertise, trustworthiness, likeability and perceived health. Questionnaires were administered among gym-goers from 10 randomly selected fitness centres across three districts of Melaka State in Malaysia, and 192 final sample data were obtained. Data analysis reveals fitness trainers perceived expertise and likeability significantly mediates the relationship between the physical attractiveness of fitness trainers and gym goers exercise intention. Physical attractiveness of fitness trainers does impact the exercise intention of gym goers indirectly. Implications of the findings to theory and practice are also discussed in this paper, as well as suggestions for future studies. 2022, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. All rights reserved. -
Fishing in the Troubled Waters: Fishermen Issue in IndiaSri Lanka Relations
Indias relations with its neighbours in the maritime domain have received less scholarly attention. Those studies that deal with Indias relations with its South Asian neighbours generally touch on political security, socio-cultural and economic issues. The maritime aspect is either ignored or tucked in as a part of other dimensions. The present study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by taking up the case of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is chosen as a case, not only because the island state is Indias closest maritime neighbour but also due to the existence of deep interactions between the two countries in diverse fields both at governmental and non-governmental levels. In the maritime domain, in the present context, technically speaking, there is no problem between the two countries. However, the fishermen issue remains one of the issues principally because of the Tamil Nadu factor. Analysing the issue in five phases, the study argues for a comprehensive approach for its settlement.1. 2018, 2018 Indian Council of World Affairs. -
Fish waste valorisation through production of biodiesel and biopolymers for sustainable development: A mini review
Fish processing waste accounts for one of the major classes of food waste generated worldwide in terms of the high volume of waste generated. The presence of high amounts of organic compounds (proteins: 1530 %, lipids: 520 %) in fish waste makes them highly susceptible to autolysis which when not managed properly pose adverse effects on the environment like production of offensive odor, generation of hydrogen sulfide, higher biological oxygen demand (1000 mg/L to 12,000 mg/L or even higher) (BOD), and multiplication of pathogenic bacteria. Fish waste is rich in lipids and polysaccharides that can be channelized for biodiesel and biopolymer production respectively. Biodiesel refers to the biofuel produced from transesterification of plant and animal fats. Extraction of oils from fish waste followed by transesterification reactions can yield biodiesel through a biorefinery approach. Biorefinery concept emphasizes the conversion of biomass into commercially important byproducts. Biopolymers refers to the natural polymers that can be extracted from the natural sources or produced through microbial fermentation process. Furthermore, commercially important biopolymers like chitosan and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be used as biorefineries. This review work presents the sequential strategies for conversion of fish waste to biodiesel, PHA and chitosan through various physicochemical and biological methods. The review also presents the existing challenges and the future in the fish waste biorefinery concept. The scope of this review is to present a broader concept of integrating fish waste biorefinery for production of multiple value added products like biodiesel and biopolymers. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
FISCAL PERFORMANCE OF PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (PRIs): AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN PRE AND POST-BIFURCATION PERIOD
The effectiveness of democratic decentralisation depends on the financial strength and independence of the local bodies. Financial autonomy is vital to reap the full potential benefits of decentralisation as the transfer of funds, functions, and functionaries will enable local bodies to be institutes of self-governance and not just delivery mechanisms. In the context of persistent fiscal distress across the local bodies, an attempt is made to empirically examine the fiscal performance of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Andhra Pradesh during 2010-11 to 2017-18, i.e. pre- and post-bifurcation periods of the State. The fiscal autonomy and the revenue dependency of PRIs across all three tiers in the State during the same period was also analysed. The study finds that the fiscal autonomy of top tiers, i.e. Mandal Praja Parishads (MPPs) and Zilla Praja Parishads (ZPPs) is negligible in both periods, while Gram Panchayats showed relatively better fiscal autonomy in both periods. 2022 National Institute of Rural Development. All rights reserved. -
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN INDIA AND CHINA: Experiences in service delivery
[No abstract available] -
First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Thorium in Geological Samples Using Diacetylmonoxime p-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone
Mapana Journal of Sciences, Vol-12 (1), pp. 15-30. -
First Aid Kit to Solve Mental Health Crisis in India: Mental Health First Aid to the Rescue
India has a large population with the prevalence of many mental health concerns but faces a shortage of mental health professionals. This paper deals with this mental health crisis in India and how Mental Health First Aid and developing a first aid kit for mental health would help to address the issue. Mental health and mental illness in India additionally face stigma and backlash from the society. Due to this, very few people with mental ailments come forward to seek professional help. While we are aware of and trained in first aid for physical health, the concept of first aid for mental health is in its infancy. Hence, a review of literature was done to find the benefits of Mental Health First Aid and how it could benefit in solving the crisis in India. Creating a Mental Health First Aid Kit on a similar basis to its physical counterpart can also come in handy while administering mental health first aid. Results show that an individual trained inmental health first aid might act as a bridge between people with mental ailments and mental health professionals and assist in providing timely help. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India 2023. -
Firefly Algorithm andDeep Neural Network Approach forIntrusion Detection
Metaheuristic optimization has grown in popularity as a way for solving complex issues that are difficult to solve using traditional methods. With fast growth of the available storage space and processing capabilities of the modern computers, the machine learning domain, that can be succinctly formulated as the process of enabling the computers to make successful forecasts based on the previous experiences, has recently been under spectacular growth. This paper presents intrusion detection approach by utilizing hybrid method between firefly algorithm and deep neural network. The basic firefly algorithm, as a frequently employed swarm intelligence method, has several known deficiencies, and to overcome them, an enhanced firefly algorithm was proposed and used in this manuscript. For experimental purposes, KDD Cup 99 and NSL-KDD datasets from Kaggle and UCL repositories were taken and comparison with other frameworks that have been validated for the same datasets was executed. Based on simulation data, proposed method was able to establish better values for accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, sensitivity and specificity metrics than other approaches. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Fire Resistance of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Ceramic Waste and Carbon Fiber as Additives
One of the primary hazards that causes catastrophic damage to properties and peoples lives is fire. Although ceramic garbage is deposited on the land, it is a non-biodegradable waste that pollutes the environment. This study is based on the use of industrial waste products such as ceramic sanitary waste to improve the mechanical qualities of concrete that have been exposed to elevated temperatures. An experimental investigation was carried out on cubes, cylinders, and beams to assess compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength with fractional replacement of fine aggregates with 10, 20, and 30% of ceramic waste and 0, 1, and 2% of carbon fibers as additives at normal and elevated temperature as per ASTM code recommendations and the results shown as a significant improvement. The strength of M30 grade concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate with ceramic waste up to 30% and carbon additives up to 2% shows an improvement of compressive strength by 17.56% than conventional concrete. It is also observed that normal M30 grade concrete loses its strength by 49.6% when it is exposed to 600C and with fractional replacement of fine aggregate by ceramic waste by up to 30% and carbon additives by up to 2% shows the loss of strength is decreased up to 22.67%. It shows that it is the probable substitute solution for the secure discarding of Ceramic waste. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
FinTech: Answer for Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion in India
In India, financial literacy and financial inclusion is the need of the hour. Though economic growth of the country is growing in positive direction, it derailed by many factors such as financial literacy, accountability, and stability of the common public. It could be due to the deprived accessibility to the financial services in India. This study addresses the two key elements in economic growth of the country namely financial literacy and financial inclusion and how it could be handled by financial technology. This study sets up the platform in which it is trying to include perception and attitude of both the provider and the user of the fintech services and compiling its impact on both financial literacy and financial inclusion. A sample size of 644 respondents have been selected using multi-stage sampling technique and distributed with structured questionnaire. The study result gives implication for fin-tech service providers in understanding the consumer perspectives and government for policy making. The Electrochemical Society -
Fintech Innovations in the Financial Service Industry
Digital transformation underscored by the fourth industrial revolution has led to the emergence of sophisticated technology-enabled financial services known as fintech, that has swiftly altered traditional financial services space. Global adoption of fintech is rapidly increasing due to its disruptive nature and is largely embraced by participants who are underserved by traditional financial service providers. Global investments in fintech are growing rapidly year by year owing to increased interconnectivity with the digital revolution. Fintech is expansive, engulfing a plethora of innovative applications in various services including payments, financing, asset management, insurance, etc. There exists a gap in the literature and visualization research on impact and future pathway of fintech innovations in payments and financial services and role of financial regulations. This study aims to enrich the understanding of fintech innovations in payments and financing and investigate the correlation and significance of regulatory framework in maintaining a fair ecosystem. With this objective, an extant systematic review was performed using research articles published in peer-reviewed journals for the period 20142022 when there has been a burgeoning of interest in fintech globally. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical constructs of fintech innovations in the financial services industry and show that such innovations play a crucial role in shaping the nature of future of business. The results of this study have implications for researchers who could deploy this research as a reference point to get a holistic insight and a detailed mapping of innovations in fintech. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
FinTech in India: A systematic literature review
India is the second-most populous country in the world, with a rapidly growing economy. Its population is highly tech-savvy and has a high level of adoption of digital technologies. The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote digital transactions and financial inclusion. These initiatives have been instrumental in the growth of fintech in India. Fintech, or financial technology, is transforming the financial sector worldwide. Fintech solutions have led to the creation of new business models, streamlined operations, and enhanced customer experience. India is no exception to this trend, as it has witnessed a significant growth in fintech in recent years. The fintech ecosystem in India is highly diverse, consisting of startups, technology companies, banks, and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). There are various challenges faced by fintech companies in India, such as lack of access to capital, regulatory hurdles, and competition from established players. This chapter proposal aims to provide a basic literature review on the development of fintech in India. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
FinTech and Financial Capability, What Do We Know and What We Do Not Know: A Scoping Review
Purpose: The scoping review of this study was to investigate the existing literature on FinTech's impact on financial competence and draw conclusions from it. We applied Danielle Levac's recommendations and used the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involved identifying and analyzing 246 papers from major databases, followed by a rigorous screening process to select 54 relevant studies. Data coding, inclusion, and exclusion screening were conducted by us independently. Findings: According to the findings, studies on FinTech and financial capacity started in 2012, and since 2020, the number of studies has sharply increased. The analysis showed that financial inclusion was the primary focus of the major FinTech studies, suggesting possible research gaps in other aspects of financial competence. We suggested recommendations and prospective directions for further research in this developing subject based on these findings. Managerial Implications: This knowledge will help managers find opportunities for collaboration, offer fresh perspectives, and make wise choices, which will improve the sector. Theoretical Implications: Important concepts and relationships were found, new trends were highlighted, and theoretical advancements were suggested as a result of the inquiry. Through the filling of knowledge gaps, the study would guide future theoretical development, facilitate diverse perspectives, and support the construction of robust frameworks in the FinTech and financial capabilities sector. Originality/Value: This study offered a comprehensive review of the body of literature, pointing out areas in need of more research and knowledge gaps. The review's unique perspective for future study and innovation in understanding the relationship between FinTech and financial capacity is derived from its thorough synthesis of many studies. 2023, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Skin Sandwich Composite
Sandwich structured composite is a particular classification in composite materials. This type of structure has been mainly used in recent studies because of its high specific strength, low density, and stiffness. It is increasingly more commonly employed in structural designs due to its features and performance. The sandwich composites used in this investigation are made of aluminium alloys and areca fibre. The sandwich composites face sheet comes in a variety of thicknesses. The adhesive skin layer is also varied to investigate the effect of using natural fibre. The sandwich composite is subjected to 3 point bend test. The modal analysis is investigated using the finite element method. The 3D model of sandwich composites is modelled using solid works 2020. Using Altair Hyper Works, the boundary conditions and meshing is carried out. ANSYS Mechanical APDL is used to analyse the sandwich composites. This investigation analyses the behaviour of composite sandwich beams. 2022, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Fingerprint based authentication model to protect the sim card of the mobile /
"Patent Number: 201941048500, Applicant: Dr. Gobi R.
Mobile becomes an essential part of our life, and it is also an inevitable medium for communication in the present era. It keeps us connected from mail access, travel booking, etc. The amount of personal information and sensitive information like username, password, and transaction details are routinely stored in the device. There is a possibility of information access when the thief steals the Mobile. It is a massive data loss for the mobile owner, especially private information.