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Exploring Investment Behaviour of Working Women for Economic Empowerment
Growth in investments leads to the economic and household upliftment of each person. We can see the presence of women in every area of our economy. They play the role of a teacher, doctor, nurse, engineer, accountant, military officers, entrepreneur, and many more. Now women are more educated; they have their assets in gold and other precious ornaments. They are also aware of various investment schemes available. This study analyzes working women's investment behavior and examines how it is beneficial for our society's economic and household upliftment. The data collection was carried out through 400 respondents using a questionnaire. The study area covers only the Bengaluru Urban population. Five Taluks in the Bengaluru urban were selected for the study. Cluster sampling is followed for selecting samples, and data is collected from each clusters. Eighty samples from each cluster were selected, and data is collected using the survey method. The tools used for data analysis consist of Henry Garrett ranking method, Weighted Average Method, and Percentage Analysis. Risk preferences of the investors were analyzed using the factors derived from the article written by Vashisht and Gupta, 2005. The current study aims at salaried women employees who have a regular income, which they can contribute to savings and investment for the economic and household developments. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Exploring In Situ Kinetics of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich B/P-Incorporated Cobalt Oxide Nanowires for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Defect-engineering of transition-metal oxide-based nanocatalysts is an innovative approach for improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to their enhanced activity and stability. The present study introduces a facile approach aimed at enhancing OER activity by incorporating boron and phosphorus into cobalt oxide nanowires (B/P-CoOx NWs). The resulting material, enriched with oxygen vacancies (Ov), as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), induced a complete structural transformation from Co3O4 to a CoO phase. The B/P-CoOx NWs exhibited an impressive overpotential of only 230 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH. The presence of Ov was proved to be responsible for the improvement in conductivity along with the quantity and quality of active sites. Electrochemical kinetic analysis was performed to reveal the crucial role of Ov in facilitating the OER mechanism by enhancing the adsorption and desorption of OH- ions and O2 molecules from the surface. The robustness of the developed electrocatalyst was demonstrated through a chronoamperometric test conducted over 80 h and a recyclability test spanning 10 000 cycles. This study focuses on the fabrication and dynamic investigation of the electrocatalyst, laying the groundwork for further advancements in non-noble material-based electrocatalysts. 2024 American Chemical Society. -
Exploring How Gender and Culture Shape the Lived Experiences of Indian Clients with Emotional Abuse: A Social Justice Approach to Counselling
In this study, we have carried out an in-depth, idiographic exploration of how Indian clients describe their experiences of emotional abuse in a parent-adult child context from a social justice lens. This study focused on the contribution of persisting systemic influences, including gender and culture, in maintaining emotional abuse. We collected data from seven participants through a semi-structured interview schedule, and utilized an interpretative phenomenological analysis for the research design and analysis. Findings indicatedvarious cultural and gender norms were responsible for contributing to and maintaining emotional abuse. The five master themes developed included Unmet Emotional Needs, Mental Health Issues due to Impact of Emotional Abuse, Gender and Culture Norms as Backgrounded, Unfair and Oppressive Norms and Attitudes, and Intergenerational Nature of Norms, Beliefs, and Abuse. Implications for counsellors, policymakers, and researchers in the fields of counselling and psychotherapy, social justice, social psychology, and critical psychology are discussed. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Exploring graph-based global similarity estimates for quality recommendations
Data sparsity or the insufficiency of past user preferences in predicting future user needs continues to be a major challenge for RS engines. We propose a solution to the sparsity problem by exploring similarity measures that capture the global patterns of commonality between users or items by leveraging on indirect ways of connecting users (items) through a user (item) graph. Entities (users or items) sharing common features are connected to each other by edges weighted by their proximity or distance. Graph-based techniques, for estimating transitive similarity between entities not directly connected, are exploited to bring the entities closer thus facilitating collaboration. Furthermore, we also propose a combined user-item graph approach for exploiting the similarity between users preferring similar items (and vice versa). In this work, we have suggested alternatives to the already existing global similarity assessment and we aim to investigate the appropriateness of the proposed techniques under differing data features. 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Exploring Female Narratives of Sexual Intimacy and the Social Suppression of Desire
Exploring the construction of sexual identities by women, this research attempts to provide an experiential understanding of sexual intimacy in young adulthood through critical narrative analysis of the accounts of ten unmarried cis-gender women, located in the postmodern feminist paradigm and drawing from contemporary psychoanalytic tradition. The study highlighted the lack of discourse on female desire and pleasure (that is not fetishised, penalised, or ostracised) in the hetero-patriarchal socio-cultural fabric of India and how it manifests in the sense of shame, guilt, and self-doubt in the navigation of sexual intimacy. The social matrix, including the influence of family and partner dynamics and cultural and generational differences, was observed to play a prominent role in the evolution of individual perceptions of sexual intimacy. Analysing the narratives through a feminist lens foregrounded the predominance of male satisfaction and pleasure, the sense of obligation towards male partners, the infringement of boundaries and compromise, and the performativity in sexual experiences, thus calling attention to the female struggle of realising and practising sexual agency. The research indicates the need to critically examine the pervasive phallocentrism in the experience of sexual intimacy and the marginalisation of female sexual desire due to the suppression of female sexuality in the patriarchal hierarchy of power distribution. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Exploring factors of consumer perception and attitude towards organic food consumption in India
Organic food market is witnessing an exponential growth in India. However, contradictory to expectations consumption of organic foods as compared to conventional food is still at nascent stage and many empirical studies have indicated this trend. Many of the food retailers have started organic food business across the nation but consumption level has remained significantly low. Impetus for this study came from this contrarian trend and it is crucial to garner insights from awareness and attitude of consumers towards organic food products in terms of why there is gap between awareness and attitude and actual consumption. While there are many empirical studies, not many studies have been conducted in India context. This study is based on descriptive research design constituting a sample of 250 respondents and the data was collected by administering a questionnaire on Likert scale. Study revealed that there was significant gap between perception and attitude of consumers. Factors namely health benefits and concern for environment have higher influence Price sensitivity. Thus, this study helps to bring about an understanding regarding the awareness and attitude of consumers towards organic food products in terms of opportunities ahead and overcoming unaddressed issues. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Transparent Decision Making
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a potent tool in many fields, allowing complicated tasks to be completed with astounding effectiveness. However, as AI systems get more complex, worries about their interpretability and transparency have become increasingly prominent. It is now more important than ever to use Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodologies in decision-making processes, where the capacity to comprehend and trust AI-based judgments is crucial. This abstract explores the idea of XAI and how important it is for promoting transparent decision-making. Finally, the development of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has shown to be crucial for promoting clear decision-making in AI systems. XAI approaches close the cognitive gap between complicated algorithms and human comprehension by empowering users to comprehend and analyze the inner workings of AI models. XAI equips stakeholders to evaluate and trust AI systems, assuring fairness, accountability, and ethical standards in fields like healthcare and finance where AI-based choices have substantial ramifications. The development of XAI is essential for attaining AI's full potential while retaining transparency and human-centric decision making, despite ongoing hurdles. 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Exploring evolution, development, and contribution of International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering (20052022): a bibliometric study
International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering (IJISE) reached its 18th year of publishing in 2023. A comprehensive assessment of 1,096 publications using the bibliometric data analysis technique is performed to understand growth of the journal for the past 18 years. Different indicators like co-occurrence of all keywords, co-authorship, citation and co-citation analysis of authors, countries, and institutions is performed through VOS Viewer software. The findings of the study emphasise contribution of IJISE to knowledge domain. Copyright 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Exploring Ethical Considerations: Privacy and Accountability in Conversational Agents like ChatGPT
In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have transformed the landscape of scientific study. Out of all of these, chatbot technology has come a long way in the last few years, especially since ChatGPT became a well-known artificial intelligence language model. This comprehensive review investigates ChatGPT's background, applications, primary challenges, and possible future advancements. We first look at its history, progress, and fundamental technology before delving into its many applications in customer service, health care, and education. We also discuss potential countermeasures and highlight the major challenges that ChatGPT faces, including data biases, moral dilemmas, and security threats. Finally, we go over our plans for ChatGPT's future, outlining areas that need further research and development, improved human-AI communication, closing the digital gap, and ChatGPT integration with other technologies. This study offers useful information for scholars, developers, and stakeholders interested in the rapidly evolving subject of artificial intelligence-powered conversational bots. This study looks at the ways that ChatGPT has changed scientific research in several domains, such as data processing, developing hypotheses, collaboration, and public outreach. In addition, the paper examines potential limitations and ethical quandaries associated with the use of ChatGPT in research, highlighting the importance of striking a balance between human expertise and AI-assisted innovation. The paper addresses multiple ethical issues with the state of computers today and how ChatGPT can cause people to oppose this notion. This study also has a number of ChatGPT biases and restrictions. It is noteworthy that in a very short period, ChatGPT has garnered significant interest from academics, research, and enterprises, notwithstanding several challenges and ethical issues. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
exploring effective Online-Teaching Transition of College Teachers During COVID-19
The study attempts to identify what is effective online teaching from teacher and student perspectives. What are the challenges faced by teachers which hampered effective online teaching? The study employed mixed method research design including a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The study collected data from 500 students out of which 200 are boys and 300 are girls on effective online teaching. The study conducted semi-structured interview with eight college teachers through snowball sampling. The survey revealed that almost 80% of the teachers are not effective. Girls are less satisfied with online teaching transition of teachers than boys are. Similarly, postgraduates (PG) are not as satisfied as undergraduate (UG) students are. Interview data revealed themes and subthemes on challenges of effective online teaching faced by college teachers. Overall, the perceived online-teaching effectiveness is low, and further research may find the causes for the same. 2022 IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring effect of instagram influencer likeability and personality traits on self-concept and impact on consumer buying intention towards cosmetic products
With the advent of visual micro-blogging platforms like Instagram the communication environment for businesses has certainly undergone massive change. Over the years these platforms have evolved and brands have had to adapt themselves to gain visibility among the millennial audience by being available on the social media platforms. The disruptive force of these social media platforms has a great impact on the consumer decision making processes. As a result, consumers now rely more on recommendation from their peers. The sharing of views, experiences, opinions and expectations online by the users on various social media platforms have become a trusted source of information for the consumers. This had led to brands connecting to online celebrities known as Social media influencers (SMI) to distribute information and influence consumer's product perceptions i.e., the concept of influencer marketing. SMI's are referred to as online opinion leaders with large numbers of followers to drive messages through their promotional posts. A lot of research has been done to study the impact of celebrity endorsements but currently there is a gap in research pertaining to consumer's perspective towards the SMI's and SMI's effects on consumers. The online survey of self -concept and alters its buying intentions when an influencer posts promotional conducted in the studies how the likeability and personality traits of an influencer affects the consumer understanding posts on Instagram. Significant relationships were found for both, the likability traits and consumer self-concept and personality traits and consumer self-concept. Also using predictive analysis, the extent to which each of the consumer self-concept statements affected the buying intentions was determined. These results provide practical implications for brand managers who plan to invest in influencer marketing. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Drivers of Healthcare Utilization amongthe Working and Non-Working Elderly Population: Insights from LASI
Background: The elderly population of India has been growing exponentially over the past few decades, caused by a decline in fertility and an increase in life expectancy. The growth eventually has transcended the disease burden on the public healthcare system. This calls for a need to evaluate the healthcare utilization pattern of the elderly based on their socioeconomic and working condition. Methods: Study used access to public and private healthcare services to measure healthcare utilization. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to understand utilization patterns by working status and some selected sociodemographic parameters. All the results were reported at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Using the data from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) with a sample of 22,680 older persons 60 years and above. The study identified that 50% of the working elderly access private services; however, 26% access public healthcare services. It was found that the working status of the elderly alone did not influence access to healthcare services, but education is also an essential indicator for utilizing healthcare services. Further, factors such as gender, marital status, religion, wealth, tobacco usage, self-rated health, ADL and IADL were significant predictors of healthcare services utilization for the elderly. Conclusion: This study suggests that there are not many differences found among working and non-working status with healthcare utilization, although some sociodemographic indicators are associated with the utilization of healthcare services, highlighting that increasing health needs among the elderly requires strengthening the quality and appropriate public investment in health. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Exploring digital twins: Attributes, challenges and risks
The recent approach to digitalization and digital transformation is based on the focus of every industry to develop systems and practices for optimizing the operational phase of the product lifecycle and beyond. Digital twins have become the buzzword in the domain of digital transformation. These Digital twins, which are a virtual representation of real-world occurrences such as processes, services, or products offer a new perspective to digitalization. It has emerged from Industry 4.0 and involves a mapping of the real physical world and the virtual world through Digital Twinning. Artificial Intelligence, Cryptography, Blockchain, Big Data technologies, and IoT act as technology enablers for Digital Twins. The capability of Digital Twin is its ability to cater to diverse applications. Within a decade, it has penetrated deeply into every functional aspect of business right from Patient Health Information Systems to remote control and maintenance of satellites/ space stations and to agriculture. This chapter has a focus on the key attributes, challenges, and risk factors that pertain to digital twin technologies and provides adequate examples from diverse sectors. The key challenges of digital twin technologies include Modeling the unknown, Transparency, Interpretability, Interactions with physical assets, Large-scale computation, Physical realism, Future projections, Data management, Privacy, Security and Quality. The four facets of risks related to Digital Twins include restrictions in access to system resources, theft of intellectual property, lack of compliance, and integrity issues in data/information. Hence, additional efforts and a holistic approach towards privacy and security are required to manage these risks. The holistic approach should cover hardware, software, and firmware together with the information that passes between them. Further, it is required to ensure that system, assets and data are adequately protected. Digital Twin technologies provide enormous competitive advantage for an organization, and a more pragmatic approach for mitigation of risks associated with digital twins is required. This would involve co-creation of Digital Twins with clients along with combined extensive knowledge of physical assets, disruptive technologies and appropriate security measures. 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Determinants of User Generated Context : A Consumer Behaviour Perspective
The advances in digital technology and the Internet have accelerated the growth of the online ecosystem. The ease of access to the Internet by the masses has ensured phenomenal expansion among online users. The past decade newlinewitnessed tremendous growth of online applications, platforms and apps that are newlinehelping to solve complex human needs. The online ecosystem itself witnessed newlinetremendous change, while static information sources have been replaced with dynamic ones that allow online users to participate in the system. The vast information society has transformed from being just the consumer of information to the participant in the generation of the information source. Business finds the exponential growth of online users and their active participation as an opportunity. Business benefits by sensing the market trends quickly in a better newlineway and take timely remedial actions. newlineDespite immense benefits offered by the online mode of business, many challenges have surfaced in recent times on account of ever-increasing technological sophistication and exponential growth of unique and similar newlineproduct offerings and associated reviews. The presence of many similar product offerings and associated reviews creates a technology-induced hurdle, with the potential to impair the rational thought process of consumers, who often search, scan and vote for only the top few reviews of selected products. This has the potential to make aged reviews continuously accumulate votes over time and newlineretain their near top position in the helpful review list, compared to recent quality newlinereviews. The current study applies statistically and scientifically derived newlinehelpfulness scores for ranking reviews and placing them at their appropriate positions. The study derived helpfulness scores enable re-ranking reviews of consumer products. The initial review dataset is constructed from publicly available reviews in Amazon.in. -
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Exploring Cross-cultural Comfort Food Narratives in Beryl Shereshewskys YouTube Videos
This article explores how certain food and the stories linked to the same are capable of evoking feelings of comfort and security. Food binds people together. The rituals and practices surrounding food inspire and sustain the association of various memories, experiences and emotions. The area of food studies is especially interested in how these linkages translate into the practice of nourishment. The narratives surrounding comfort food take on a cross-cultural flavour in the videos from Beryl Shereshewskys YouTube channel. This article analyses these narratives through the lens of Symbolic Interactionism to explicate how these food narratives bring people together from across the world by evoking the universal needs of food and comfort. Consequently, it is seen that even though it is true that the experience of consuming comfort food is extremely personal, it is also rendered as a universal phenomenon through the narratives that are created and shared. 2023 MICA-The School of Ideas. -
Exploring chatbot trust: Antecedents and behavioural outcomes
An awareness about the antecedents and behavioural outcomes of trust in chatbots can enable service providers to design suitable marketing strategies. An online questionnaire was administered to users of four major banking chatbots (SBI Intelligent Assistant, HDFC Bank's Electronic Virtual Assistant, ICICI bank's iPal, and Axis Aha) in India. A total of 507 samples were received of which 435 were complete and subject to analysis to test the hypotheses. Based on the results, it is found that the hypothesised antecedents, except interface, design, and technology fear factors, could explain 38.6% of the variance in the banking chatbot trust. Further, in terms of behavioural outcomes chatbot trust could explain, 9.9% of the variance in customer attitude, 11.4% of the variance in behavioural intention, and 13.6% of the variance in user satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for managers on how they can leverage chatbot trust to increase customer interaction with their brand. By proposing and testing a novel conceptual model and examining the factors that impact chatbot trust and its key outcomes, this study significantly contributes to the AI marketing literature. 2023 The Authors -
Exploring character strength in the functioning and well beings of religious leaders
Positive psychology is the scientific study of optimal functioning, flourishing and well-being of individuals and organizations. The backbone of positive psychology, the character strengths are significant in effective leadership functioning. The current study explored the character strengths development and character strengths utilization in the functioning and well-being of religious leaders (consecrated nuns and priests). There were 17 participants, nine female and eight male consecrated Catholic religious leaders. The study used the mixed design. The Values in Action Tests was administrated to identify leaders top strengths and a phenomenological approach was used to explore character strengths development as well as the usage of character strengths in the functioning of the religious leaders. The findings illustrated that the most prevalent character strengths of leaders are honesty, gratitude, teamwork, fairness, and kindness. The least prevalent strengths are love of learning, humour, appreciation of excellence, zest, judgement and creativity. Results showed that the influencing factors of character strengths development are family influences, experiences at school, formative programmes in the religious formation, critical events and factors enhancing strength. The strength of wisdom and knowledge were used mainly at organizational and administrative level of leadership functioning. Strengths of courage manifested at the implementation level. The strength of humanity is identified as the most striking character strength in leader-member exchange. The strength of temperance has the role of controller in leadership functioning. The strength of justice is seen as a catalyst in promoting cohesion in the community. The leaders pivotal manifestation of the strengths of transcendence is in their intimacy with God that gives higher purpose and meaning in leadership, that is, do the Will of God. Character strengths were found in promoting wellness through achievements, facilitating total engagement, giving a great purpose in leader life and in promoting better leader-follower interactions. The highlighted character strengths that promote well-being were gratitude and appreciation. The study has brought out an ongoing leadership training programme for religious leaders that can be completed in three phases. -
Exploring challenges in online higher education for AI integration using MICMAC analysis
The consequence of Covid-19 has affected the traditional higher education system. Acknowledging the significant role of online education in national development for accessibility and quality education, countries around the world have understood its importance in current digital era. Indian policymakers have been giving due importance to enhancing the education quality, however the progress made by the country in higher education is not adequate. Amidst all the inadequacies of traditional education system, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are bringing new ray of hope to democratize education system. This chapter is subjected to identify the challenges in online education and suggest specific ways to address each of them. The challenges are categorized into internal and external challenges/barriers. These challenges have been modeled with the expertise of educationalist's opinions and interpretive structural modeling to create a hierarchy of the barriers using MICMAC analysis and categorize these barriers into four clusters. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Caregiving Experiences and Needs of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Parents play a major role while caring for a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Each child with CP and their caregivers needs constant professional support in terms of medical care, psycho-education, guidance and support in order to achieve maximum functioning. Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable because the caregiving may affect their personal and marital life, work, finances, relationships, and other responsibilities. Therefore, it is important to understand their experiences this study explores caregiving experiences and needs of mothers of a child with cerebral palsy. This qualitative exploratory study used semi-structured open-ended interviews for data collection from 25 mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy who attended regular clinical assessments at Unit of Hope OP clinic. The data were analyzed in Atlas. ti 8 trial version using thematic analysis. Six major themes emerged from the thematic analysis which includes: pathways of care, challenges in taking care of the child, impact (subjective and objective) on mothers and their family, coping mechanism and psycho-social needs. Mothers expressed that they experience unpreparedness; unsupportive interaction; insecurity/uncomfortable on caregiving by others; challenges in decision making, finding the right care, meeting individual family member???s needs; they had inappropriate expectations of improvement, difficulties in treatment adherence and lack of knowledge, lack of respite, lack of support from family members/relatives, changes in the family system, changes in personal life. Mothers had caregiver burden and emotional challenges. The mothers adopted both maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies. In this study, mothers expressed various needs like the need for professional support, the need for respite care, and the need for family support. In conclusion, having a child with cerebral palsy negatively affect the mothers. During the caregiving process, they have some unmet needs which need to be addressed. The findings of the study emphasize that it is important to understand the caregiving experiences and needs of mothers of children with cerebral palsy to plan interventions to support these mothers in caring for their child.