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IRIS Data Classification using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Random Forest Classification
Optimising hyper-parameters in Random Forest is a time-consuming undertaking for several academics as well as professionals. To acquire greater performance hyper-parameters, specialists should explicitly customize a series of hyper-parameter settings. The best outcomes from this manual setting are then modelled and implemented in a random forest algorithm. Several datasets, on the other side, need various prototypes or hyper-parameter combinations, which may be time-consuming. To solve this, we offered various machine learning models and classifiers for correctly optimising hyper-parameters. Both genetic algorithm-based random forest and randomised CV random forest were assessed on performance measures such as sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and F1-score. Finally, when compared to randomised CV random forest, our suggested model genetic algorithm-based random forest delivers more incredible accuracy. 2022 IEEE. -
Iron pulsing, a cost effective and affordable seed invigoration technique for iron bio-fortification and nutritional enrichment of rice grains
Rice being a major staple food for millions of people, it has been one of the major targets for bio-fortification and iron bio-fortification in rice has been in prime focus to address global micronutrient malnutrition. Commonly practiced methods for obtaining Fe biofortified rice includes soil amendments and foliar spray with iron salts, breeding and development of transgenic rice varieties with Fe-enriched grain are associated with impediments like high cost, labor intensiveness, sub-optimal outcome and approval for commercialization respectively. Iron pulsing technique has reportedly enhanced the carbon and nitrogen assimilation in rice seedlings, which has been translated in yield. Based on the previous findings, in the present study, we have undermined the efficacy of iron pulsing, in improving the iron content and nutritional status of rice kernel obtained from pulsed plants. The present study documents that kernel of seeds obtained from iron pulsed plants have a higher amounts of iron, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, nutrient and anti-oxidants than that of non-treated ones. The iron localization studies revealed that iron was mostly present in the endosperm and embryo. Besides, the ferritin expression levels also validated the fact that, the treated grains have accumulated more iron. Thus, iron-pulsing can serve as a novel and propitious sustainable agricultural innovation for iron bio-fortification and improvisation of the overall nutritional value of the rice grains that is affordable, user and consumer friendly in years to come. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Iron-pulsing, a novel seed invigoration technique to enhance crop yield in rice: A journey from lab to field aiming towards sustainable agriculture
Bulk fertilizer application is one of the easiest means of improving yield of crops however it comes with several environmental impediments and consumer health menace. In the wake of this situation, sustainable agricultural practices stand as pertinent agronomic tool to increase yield and ensure sufficient food supply from farm to fork. In the present study, efficacy of iron-pulsing in improving the rice yield has been elucidated. This technique involves seed treatment with different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 mM) of iron salts (FeCl3 and FeSO4) during germination. FeCl3 or FeSO4 was used to treat the sets and depending on the concentration of the salts, the sets were named as C2.5, C5, C10 and S2.5, S5, S10 (where C and S stands for FeCl3 and FeSO4 respectively and the numbers succeeding them denotes the concentration of salt in mM). Our investigation identified 72 h of treatment as ideal duration for iron-pulsing. At this time point, the seedling emergence attributes and activities of ?-amylase and protease increased. The relative water uptake of the seeds also increased through upregulation of aquaporin expression. The treatment efficiently maintained the ROS balance with the aid of antioxidant enzymes and increased the iron content within the treated seeds. After transplantation in field, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content enhanced in the treated plants. Finally, the post-harvest agro-morphological traits (represented through panicle morphology, 1000 seed weight, harvest index) and yield showed significant improvement with treatment. Sets C5 and S5 showed optimum efficiency in terms of yield improvement. To our best knowledge, this study is the first report deciphering the efficacy of iron-pulsing as a safe, cost effective and promising technique to escalate the yield of rice crops without incurring an environmental cost. Thus, iron-pulsing is expected to serve as a potential tool to address global food security in years to come. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Irreducible tensor approach to study ? + d ? d + ? 0
The study of photoproduction of mesons plays an important role in understanding the properties of strong interactions. Pion photoproduction on deuterons has been studied theoretically for several decades. At the VEPP - 3 storage rings, tensor analysing powers in ? + d ? d + ?0 have recently been measured. In light of these advances, we suggest adopting an irreducible tensor technique to explore the reaction ? + d ? d + ?0 at close to threshold energies. Our method, which is model-independent, works well for predictions regarding spin observables. By describing the differential cross section in terms of multipole amplitudes, the angular dependence of the cross section will be studied. 2023 Author(s). -
IRRELEVANCE OF ITEM NUMBERS IN BOLLYWOOD MOVIES TODAY- AFFECTING THE PORTRAYAL OF ITEM GIRLS
The research paper was aimed to look into the portrayal of women in media especially those who do item numbers. The paper also looked into the matter that how due to the lack of relevance of item numbers in movies today, the portrayal is negative. Whether this in turn has led to a negative stereotypical representation of women in general was also a concern of the study. The researcher focussed on this matter as she is strongly against any kind of stereotypical representations. As a media student she wanted to inform people about the rights and wrongs in the society and how this leads to framing of stereotypes which is often regarded derogatory. The research was done using both primary and secondary sources. Primary data collection included questionnaire method to general audience of sample size of 100 and a comparative analysis will be done. An extensive study was done of secondary sources too including books, journals, movies, short videos, internet and newspapers. The study revealed that item numbers have definietely lost its relevance in the movies and that has led to the negative portrayal of item girls. There were other reasons also found have an impact on the audiences?? mind which in turn influences his thinking towards the item girls, this was found by comprehending the study with Cultivation theory by Gerbner. -
Irreversibility analysis of radiative heat transport of Williamson material over a lubricated surface with viscous heating and internal heat source
Thecurrent research explores the importance of surface lubrication and convective boundary conditions in the flow of non-Newtonian Williamson material. Rosseland radiative heat flux and viscous heating are also considered. The phenomenon of the generation or absorption of internal heat is studied. The conservation laws of momentum, mass, and energy are used to model the problem with suitable boundary conditions. With the help of appropriate transformations and the finite difference method, highly nonlinear equations of governance are solved. The influence of key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, entropy production, temperature profiles are analyzed by parametric analysis. It was found that the entropy generation rate improves due to the presence of the Rosseland radiative heat flux and the convective boundary on the lubricated surface. The sliding condition on the lubricated surface has lengthened the structure of the velocity boundary layer, while this trend is opposite to the thermal field. The dissipation due to the viscous forces of the Williamson material improves the production of entropy. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Irreversibility analysis of the MHD Williamson fluid flow through a microchannel with thermal radiation
The heat transport and non-Newtonian fluid (Williamson fluid) flow through a micro-channel are considered to analyze the entropy generation minimization using the thermodynamic second law. The energy equations have been modeled with the addition of joule heating, heat source, and thermal radiation. The use of suitable dimensionless transformation helps to convert the modeled flow equations into non-dimensional coupled ODEs. The numerical simulations are done via the Finite Element Method. The current outcomes are constructed to examine the behavior of various flow parameters and presented via graphs. It is found that the rise of heat source and Reynolds number Re decays/boosts the entropy rate Ns and the Bejan number Be profile near the left/right plate, and reverse behavior is noticed for the thermal radiation parameter. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Irrigation water policies for sustainable groundwater management in irrigated northwestern plains of India
Increasing global water shortage emphasizes the need for demand-side water management policies, especially in the agriculture sector, being the largest consumer of freshwater. Such policies are relevant in India, where groundwater depletion may have severe implications at various socio-economic levels. In this study, using mathe-matical modelling, we assess the feasibility of two alter-native irrigation water pricing policies (i) uniform wa-ter pricing policy and (ii) differentiated water pricing policy, wherein farmers growing less water-requiring crops (<4488 m3/ha) get an incentive for saving water, while those growing water-intensive crops pay for it. Us-ing a case study of Punjab, the breadbasket and one of the fastest groundwater-depleting states in India, alter-native cropping patterns are also suggested. The findings reveal that the current rate of groundwater withdrawal could not sustain agricultural intensification in the state. Although optimization of resource allocation has the pote-ntial to save water by 8%, this alone is unlikely to break the ricewheat mono-cropping pattern in Punjab. The analysis of two different volumetric irrigation water pricing policies shows that differentiated water pricing would be more effective in halting groundwater deple-tion in the state. However, adequate investment in irri-gation water supply infrastructure, mainly for installing water meters, is required to implement the policy. 2022, Current Science. All Rights Reserved. -
Is asteroid 33 Polyhymnia a dark matter (DM) degenerate object?
Polyhymnia (33 Polyhymnia) is a main belt asteroid in our solar system with a diameter around 54km. The density of asteroid 33 Polyhymnia, located in the main asteroid belt, is calculated to be 75g/cc. Researchers have speculated the possibility that Polyhymnia could be composed of high-density superheavy elements near atomic number 164. Here, we propose that Polyhymnia could be an asteroid composed of degenerate dark matter (DM) and there could be many such asteroids in our solar system. (This is following our earlier work suggesting that Planet Nine could be such an object.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to SocietItaliana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven for Indian Investors? A GARCH Volatility Analysis
This paper attempts to understand the dynamic interrelationships and financial asset capabilities of Bitcoin by analysing several aspects of its volatility vis-a-vis other asset classes. This study aims to analyse the volatility dynamics of the returns of Bitcoin. An asymmetric GARCH model (EGARCH) is used to investigate whether Bitcoin may be useful in risk management and ideal for risk-averse investors in anticipation of negative shocks to the market (leverage effect). This paper also examines Bitcoin as an investment and hedge alternative to gold as well as NSE NIFTY using a multivariate DCC GARCH model. DCC GARCH models are also used to check whether correlation (co-movement) between the markets is time-varying, examine returns and volatility spillovers between markets and the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India on the investigated markets. The results show that given the supply of Bitcoin is fixed, low returns realisation is equivalent to excess supply over demand wherein investors are selling off Bitcoin during bad times. The positive co-movement between Bitcoin and gold during the COVID-19 outbreak shows that investors perceived Bitcoin as a relatively safe investment. However, overall analysis shows that Bitcoin was not considered a safe hedge and an investment option by Indian investors during the study period. 2022 by the authors. -
Is carbon neutrality a reality for India?
India, the third-largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world, aims to achieve zero emissions by 2070. India is committed to its Panchamrit and has launched various initiatives such as green bonds, carbon credits, carbon market, investing in green hydrogen, etc. However, given the present scenario with respect to the dependency on coal-based power generation and lack of green financing, the present article assesses the different solutions and their practicality in achieving carbon neutrality. (2024), (Indian Academy of Sciences). All rights reserved. -
Is ChatGPT Enhancing Youths Learning, Engagement and Satisfaction?
Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational practices necessitates the understanding of the influence of tools such as ChatGPT. Self-determination Theory (SDT) has been used to examine the impact of ChatGPT usage by students for the improvement of perceived learning, engagement and satisfaction. The moderating role of students AI literacy between ChatGPT and the antecedents of intrinsic motivation, autonomy, competence and relatedness. The data was collected through questionnaire from 481 students and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study shows that ChatGPT usage impacts students perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, enhancing intrinsic motivation. Also, there is a moderation of AI literacy between ChatGPT usage and these psychological needs. This study extends SDT to student interactions with ChatGPT and underscores the pivotal role of AI literacy. The findings contribute to the discourse on AI and education, offering valuable perspectives on students use of ChatGPT and its effect on their academic experience. 2024 International Association for Computer Information Systems. -
Is corporate reputation associated with voluntary cybersecurity risk reporting?
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of voluntary cybersecurity risk reporting (VCRR) on corporate reputation. By examining the association between VCRR and corporate reputation, this study aims to provide exploratory evidence of how cybersecurity risk is sensitive to a companys image and reputation. Design/methodology/approach: An automated content analysis of VCRR by 95 Bombay Stock Exchange-listed companies was undertaken using Python code. Signaling and legitimacy theories were adopted to interpret the findings, establishing whether VCRR was related to corporate reputation. Findings: The results confirm that VCRR improves the corporate reputation in the financial market. The results also confirm the signalling and legitimacy theory that a company can manage reputational risks through higher voluntary risk disclosure. Practical implications: The corporations managers can gain insights from the studys findings and proactively address cybersecurity risks through strategic disclosure and management practices. In addition, organizations can recognize that investors value transparency and establish a positive reputation for those who communicate openly. Social implications: A significant association between VCRR and corporate reputation implies that such disclosures enhance trust and transparency in the business sector and induce security and accountability among investors engaging with the company. Originality/value: To the best of the authors knowledge, this study is the first that empirically investigates this issue and adds to the international literature a new explanatory variable, corporate reputation, to explain VCRR practices. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Is digital GOOD for providing water security?- A case study of India
We live in an urbanizing world. Large cities with population greater than 750,000 would represent US$21.8 trillion in economic activity or 47.7% global GDP. These cities are already home to 1.7 billion people, about 24% of the worlds population. By the year 2050, it is expected that ninety percent of the worlds urban population growth will occur in Asia and Africa. Economic growth goes hand-in-hand with the urban growth. With the population increase in cities, there is a need for ample and consistent supply of water. The supply of water is a fundamental component of the environmental, economic and social health of cities. There is a huge investment of US$90 billion a year in water supply infrastructure to ensure delivery of clean water to the citizens. If the current trend continues, the volume of urban water need will have to go up by 80% by the year 2030. In this context, The World Economic Forum classified water security as one of the greatest threats to global prosperity in the year 2014. Hence, it becomes essential to manage the water resources in an efficient manner to cater to a large population. The world around us is transformed by various technologies and adopted by humans. Improvement in the performance and cost of computing power, storage and bandwidth are the causes of these technologies. Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies like Virtual & Augmented Reality, Big Data Analytics, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Block Chain have created disruption in various industries through the way businesses are run. India as a country has an advantage of monetising digital technologies for solutions related to social issues due to STEM qualified expertise and experience. AI4SG has got the potential to provide the most sought after Water Security for a country like India. The current study attempts to identify whether there is a dearth in the supply of water due to lack of rain or excess exploitation; or is it that the resources are available but the management of water resources is not efficient. State-wise analysis across India is conducted to identify the gap. The measure used for this study is the Composite Water Quality Index devised by Niti Aayog. The study has found that the gap between supply and demand of this significant resource can be bridged with the proven technology of Block Chain. Issue of Water loss, Water trading and Water quality could be resolved using Block Chain technology. The most common areas of improvement in Water management across various States of India are Water supply, Ground water restoration/rejuvenation, Participatory Irrigation, On-farm use, and Waste water treatment. Block Chain as a technology solution is proposed to bring in possible resolution to these issues to improve upon the water management process. 2019 SERSC. -
Is ESG the Key to Stimulate Financial Performance? An Empirical Investigation
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle is a critical framework for businesses and non-business entities. Recently, investors increasingly concentrate on the ethical impact of their investments in addition to financial rewards. The present study outlines links between a companys ESG practices and its financial performance. By means of performance comparison between the Nifty 100 ESG and Nifty 100 Indices within the Indian context, it issuggested that investing in ESG-adopting companies can lead to better financial performance. The study uses statistical analysis to compare the performance of both indices between 2018 and 2022. The analysis includes financial ratios, such as P/E ratio, ROA, ROE, and ROCE. The findings reveal a relatively modest connection between ESG and P/E ratio. The stronger negative correlations between ESG and key financial metrics (ROA, ROE, and ROCE), signifies a more robust trade-off between ESG focus and financial performance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Is gold price volatility in India leveraged?
This paper examined the presence of leverage effect on the gold price volatility in six major Indian cities using PGARCH model. This study also examined the impact of US gold price return on the volatility of gold price in India. For this study, daily time series data of gold price in six major Indian cities and gold price in the United States over a period of seven years (January 2011 to August 2017) were collected. The results suggest that conditional volatility of gold price in all the six cities in India carries volatility clustering feature. Leverage effect was also found in the gold price volatility of five out of six Indian cities studied. The United States gold returns had a significant influence on the gold price volatility of five out of six Indian cities studied. Hence, the gold price volatility in India is indeed leveraged. -
Is Hedonism present in the purchase of academic books? an empirical analysis in online and traditional purchase methods.
Vol. 1 Issue V, December, ISSN: 2321-9653 -
Is Industry-Specific Value Premium Declining? Evidence from India
This article examines whether the literature promised value effect exists and the changing nature of value premium at the industry level. It also determines the value premiums strength by controlling the January effect within and across the regulated industry groups. This is done by utilizing the two most prominent pricing models: FamaFrench three- and five-factor, considering all listed firms trading at BSE India between 1999 and 2020. The results show that a significant value effect exists in 15 of the 17 regulated industry groups over 21.5 years, while sub-period analysis revealed variation in the value effect at industry-based portfolio returns. We developed quintile and multivariate portfolios within and across the industries. Results show that the industry-specific value premium has been relatively low in the current decade due to decreasing industry portfolio returns and increasing P/B ratios within industry groups. The study also used the GRS test to explore the explanatory power of models. Results indicated that the explanatory power of models has declined in post-crisis periods. While controlling the January effect, the value premium has slightly diminished within and across the industry groups in the recent decade. We also observed that investors who seek to allocate assets within and across industries are likely to have potentially predictable and pretty stable returns. While other countries have found industry-specific value premiums, no such study has been conducted in India. As a first attempt, these findings are relevant for investors and academia. 2022 Management Development Institute. -
Is it morally justified to create disabled designer babies?
This research paper explores the questionwhether it is morally permissible for an auditory impaired parent to create an auditory impaired offspring? It makes an epistemological inquiry into the experiences of persons with auditory impairments to make an informed decision on the question at stake. There is a general attitudinal bias against the disability. On the contrary, arguments have been raised that a parent with auditory impairment may have a moral right and a liberty to have a specially designed deaf baby. It is argued that a deaf parents desire to have a deaf child, stems from their need to relate linguistically and culturally with the child. It is also in the best interest of the child and the parent. Such arguments seem grossly misguided and are often countered with arguments of open future, and the costs of disability. This research paper seeks to inquire into the epistemic challenges in examining the validity and the soundness of these arguments. It engages into the arguments and counter arguments with respect to whether auditory impairment is a disadvantageous condition to find that deafness does involve an element of harm though it is not only and only harm. It argues against the proposition that laws permitting abortion in case of foetal anomaly are eugenic. It uses Kantian theory to delve into the moral permissibility of the use of genetic engineering for the creation of impairment and enhancement. In the light of moral, ethical and jurisprudential considerations it finds that it is morally impermissible to use genetic interventions to create impairments or enhancements, as it strikes at the humanity in the designer babies and uses them as a means for the satisfaction of desires. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU). -
Is Mindfulness a Key Characteristic of a Jugaad Leader?
The practice of mindfulness has its roots in Eastern religions. Both Hinduism and Buddhism emphasize the need to be calm and to focus on the present moment. This concentration is called mindfulness. In the Indian subcontinent, there is a specific tradition for innovation and creativity that produces the best possible results, even among resources that are often sparse. This approach is called Jugaad. It is increasingly being used as a management technique. Companies in South Asia are adopting Jugaad as a practice to reduce research and development costs and use unconventional approaches to maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. Tang (The leaders guide to mindfulness. Pearson UK, Harlow, 2018) noted that mindfulness from a context of jugaad creativity or innovation allows individuals to enter a childlike state of creativity. Mindfulness promotes a directed awareness and allows one to look at problems or issues from different perspectives-not only from a clients or customers perspective, but also from that of a child-encouraging further reflection. A mindfulness approach calms the mind before a creative or brainstorming session, which can foster insight and clear the mind for an aha moment in the jugaad innovation process. Often, a successful jugaad creative process requires breaking down psychological barriers in a team-e.g., fear of doing something wrong, fear of ideas being stolen by others. A mindful approach to such issues helps team members meditate and relax, creating a safer space for creative exploration, as these exercises can teach listening and acknowledgement of each individual. Also, the associated creativity and innovation process helps to understand the problem to be solved and generate ideas from it. The mindfulness approach promotes the flexibility and clarity needed for a jugaad approach (Tang, The leaders guide to mindfulness. Pearson UK, Harlow, 2018). The following are the results of the Jugaad leadership survey conducted among managers in India. Managers felt that Jugaad leadership involves leading by example, appreciation and recognition. Also fundamental is leading with humility, openness to receiving feedback, and awareness of ones own thoughts and emotions. Mindfulness also includes language and behavior, the ability to recognize peoples needs, and an intuition in situations that require change. All of these characteristics make it clear that the Jugaad leader is a mindful person and also show that he or she practices mindfulness while guiding, interacting with, and motivating his or her team members. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.