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Impact of Heavy Metals on Growth and Biosynthesis of Important Secondary Metabolites from Mucuna Pruiens (L.) DC and Withania Somnifera (L). DUNAL
Herbal medicine has a long history of utilizing medicinal plants to treat various newlineailments for a long time. However, heavy metal toxicity in herbal medicines has been newlinedocumented. The occurrence of heavy metals in medicinal plants is a consequence of exposure to tainted agricultural sources. The consumption of medicinal plants newlinecontaminated with heavy metals has caused detrimental health implications. On the newlineother hand, plants when subjected to heavy metal stress exhibit changes in secondary newlinemetabolite production. Thus, the assessment of heavy metal stress on plant growth, newlinesecondary metabolite production, and its bioaccumulation must be worked on. The newlinepresent study investigates the effect of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and newlinemercury on germination, growth, biochemical variations, heavy metal accumulation, newlineand biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in two of the most valuables ayurvedic newlinemedicinal plants Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC and Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. The M. pruriens seeds were exposed to 25 -250 ppm Cd and Hg and 200-2000 ppm Pb and the seeds of W. somnifera were exposed to 20-200 ppm Cd, 10-100 ppm Hg and 100-1000 ppm Pb for 21 days to evaluate the LD50 value. M. pruriens showed 50% germination at 150 ppm Cd, 175 ppm Hg, and 1200 ppm Pb. W. somnifera showed newline50% germination at 70 ppm of Hg, 140 ppm Cd and 400 ppm Pb. The LD50 value obtained was used to select the appropriate Cd concentrations for further studies to newlinebe carried out in the polyhouse. The seeds of M. pruriens were sown in soil pretreated newlinewith metals ranging from 50-200 ppm Cd, 25-225 ppm Hg and 400- 1600 ppm Pb, newlinewhereas the two months old W. somnifera were exposed to 40-200 ppm Cd, 20-100 ppm Hg and 200-1000 ppm Pb. The heavy metals impacted the growth of plants and significantly varied biochemical parameters, such as carbohydrate, chlorophyll, flavonoid, protein, proline, phenol, MDA content, metabolite content, and newlineantioxidant activity. -
Impact of helpful reviews on customer purchase intention with special reference to mobile phone reviews
Technological advances in the digital space have provided renewed impetus to businesses. Costly, labor-intensive marketing campaigns have been replaced by digital marketing. However, along with benefits, the increasing sophistication and exponential growth of e-commerce businesses have also introduced new challenges. The large number of similar product offerings and the high volume of reviews have created a technology-induced hurdle for consumers that can impair their thought processes. Often, users will only scan the top few reviews to arrive at a decision. In the current setup, older reviews that accumulate votes over time are found at the top of the helpful review list, in contrast to fresh entrants. The current study proposes placing reviews in appropriate positions in the helpful review list using statistical and scientifically derived helpfulness scores. The study utilized a sample of consumer goods (specifically, mobile phones) and re-ranked reviews based on their expected score. Amazon.in provided the initial review dataset. Random Forest and gradient-boosting regression techniques were used to predict review helpfulness. An Elaboration Likelihood Model was used to explore the impact of central and peripheral cues on review helpfulness. The gradient-boosting regression was the best-performing method of predicting review helpfulness, and the reviews were re-ranked. The re-ranked reviews were tested for helpfulness vis-a-vis the initial ranking of reviews using the survey method. The result indicated that the proposed re-ranking of reviews was more helpful to end users and helped mitigate uncertainty in decisions. The study utilized the Information Acceptance Model to assess the influence of electronic word of mouth on purchase intention. 2023 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. -
Impact of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in a hybrid nanoliquid flow due to porous medium
Chemical responses are investigated as a piece of the modern applications like hydrometallurgical industry, food processing, and polymer production. Numerous chemical responding structures consolidate homogeneous and heterogeneous response and it is especially eccentric. Hence, this paper explains how the hybrid nanoliquid flow is handy in accelerate the thermochemical possessions of the base fluid in existence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Here, three different types of hybrid nanoliquid used are copper-Al2O 3/water, silver-Al 2O 3/water, and gold-Al 2O 3/water. Outcoming differential systems are resolved numerically by adopting fourth-order and fifth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. To get better view of the topic, the flow field, temperature behavior, and concentration curves are investigated for particular estimations of critical elements. The results predict that gold-Al 2O 3/water nanoliquid has good impact of heat rate coefficient and further porosity parameter decelerates the velocity and accelerates the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Impact of Homophily on Patient Empowerment: A Study of Online Patient Support Groups
Internet facility has led to emergence of patient support groups. These have gained prominence as these fulfils important benefits to patients. One such benefit is patient empowerment. These online groups provide opportunity to patients to interact with similar ailments and predicaments and who can understand the pain and discomfort felt by the patient. This provides validation for the patient and patients experiences. How does this homophily impacts patient empowerment? This question has been explored in this study. The methodology is based on an online survey of patients visiting such online platforms. In all 701 patients provided the data. Independent variable (homophily) and dependent variable (patient empowerment) have been measured using a 7-point Likert scale. Findings provide that both are weakly correlated, but this correlation is significant. Regression analysis led to a regression model that is fit statistically. This provides basis to encourage patients to visit online support groups. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Impact of Homophily on Patient Empowerment: A Study of Online Patient Support Groups
Internet facility has led to emergence of patient support groups. These have gained prominence as these fulfils important benefits to patients. One such benefit is patient empowerment. These online groups provide opportunity to patients to interact with similar ailments and predicaments and who can understand the pain and discomfort felt by the patient. This provides validation for the patient and patients experiences. How does this homophily impacts patient empowerment? This question has been explored in this study. The methodology is based on an online survey of patients visiting such online platforms. In all 701 patients provided the data. Independent variable (homophily) and dependent variable (patient empowerment) have been measured using a 7-point Likert scale. Findings provide that both are weakly correlated, but this correlation is significant. Regression analysis led to a regression model that is fit statistically. This provides basis to encourage patients to visit online support groups. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Impact of hot rolling on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of copper-based metal matrix composites reinforced with titanium carbide
Copper-based metal matrix composites reinforced with varying weight percentages (0, 2, 5, 7, and 10 wt%) of powdered titanium carbide (TiC) particles were successfully fabricated using stir casting, followed by hot rolling as a secondary processing route to enhance their mechanical performance. The microstructural evolution, phase characteristics, and mechanical behaviour of both as-cast and hot-rolled composites were systematically studied. Microstructural examination revealed a dendritic grain structure with non-uniform grain size distribution in as-cast composites, whereas hot-rolled composites exhibited a refined lath-shaped grain structure with uniform TiC particle distribution, attributed to the plastic deformation induced during rolling. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of high-intensity copper matrix peaks in hot-rolled composites and relatively stronger TiC peaks in as-cast composites due to the fragmentation of coarse reinforcement particles during rolling. Mechanical testing demonstrated that hot rolling significantly enhanced both hardness and tensile strength compared to the as-cast condition. The Brinell hardness of the hot-rolled Cu-10 wt% TiC composite reached 59.54 BHN, representing a 42.1% improvement over as-cast pure copper (41.9 BHN). Similarly, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the hot-rolled Cu-10 wt% TiC composite achieved 182.5 MPa, corresponding to a 50.3% improvement over as-cast pure copper (121.4 MPa). However, ductility decreased progressively with increasing TiC content and hot rolling, from 71.56% in as-cast pure copper to 48.69% in hot-rolled Cu-10 wt% TiC, owing to strain hardening effects and grain boundary restriction by TiC particles. The optimal combined strength-ductility balance, assessed through the strain hardening parameter (UTS % elongation), was achieved at 5 wt% TiC reinforcement in both as-cast and hot-rolled conditions. Fractographic analysis revealed a progressive transition from ductile dimple fracture to mixed-mode and predominantly brittle fracture with increasing TiC content, consistent with the observed mechanical trends. 2026 The Authors. -
Impact of human resource practice on work engagement and turnover intention in information technology companies
Orientation: The information technology (IT) sector, a global economic driver, faces high employee turnover because of low work engagement. This study examines the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and their impact on work engagement and turnover intention (TI) in IT companies. Research purpose: The primary purpose of this research article is to investigate how HRM practices influence employee work engagement and TI in the IT sector. Motivation for the study: This study is motivated by the need to address this critical issue by exploring the role of HRM practices in shaping employee engagement and TI. Research approach/design and method: The research data came from 10 IT organisations in Pune IT parks. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Moment Structure Analysis to evaluate the hypotheses. Main findings: The study found that HRM practices such as effective communication (EC), training satisfaction (TS), performance appraisal satisfaction (PAS), pay satisfaction (PS) and opportunities for development (OFD) positively influence work engagement among IT employees. Addressing these HRM practices can enhance employee retention and engagement in the IT sector. Practical/managerial implications: Implementing these strategies can lead to a more committed and productive workforce, improving overall organisational performance and retention. Contribution/value-add: This research offers actionable recommendations for IT companies to improve employee retention and engagement, filling a gap in existing literature by focussing exclusively on the unique challenges and dynamics of the IT industry. 2024. The Authors. -
Impact of IFRS on the financial statements of select IT companies in India
Globalization of economies and shift in financial environment from the traditional bank based one to a market based one necessitated a uniform financial reporting language across countries to facilitate comparisons. This resulted in the establishment of International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) which issued International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), a global standard for company financial statements. More than 120 countries, including European Union, Australia, Canada have already adopted IFRS. India was expected to converge with IFRS from April 2016 for listed and unlisted companies with a net worth of more than rs 500 crores. However, few Indian companies listed internationally are voluntarily reporting IFRS. The present study aimed to understand the effect of this voluntary reporting of IFRS on key financial ratios of four selected IT sector companies. The study compared 12 major financial ratios under IFRS and Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (IGAAP) as reported in their financial statements for a period of 5years from 2009-10 to 2013-14. For the purpose of the study, financial ratios representing four key dimensions of companies namely liquidity, leverage, profitability, and efficiency were considered. To understand the statistical significance of the difference between the ratios, Wilcoxon signed rank test, a non parametric test was used. Of the 12 ratios analyzed, 10 were found to be statistically significant. Further, the study explained the financial statement items which cause the difference in the ratios of these companies. The results indicated current liability and shareholder's equity to be significant at the 10% level, thus explaining the difference in financial statement items under IFRS. -
Impact of Improved Corporate Governance and Regulations on Earnings Management PracticesAnalysis of 7 Industries from the Indian National Stock Exchange
This study investigates discretionary earnings management practices, tracing the changes over the years in selected top performing and highly liquid listed Indian firms. It empirically measures the impact of corporate governance, financial legislation and global reporting standards on the firms earnings management practices. The study analyses a sample of 712 firm-year data comprising 89 listed Indian companies across 7 different sectoral indices of the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) over 8 years (20112018). The Modified Jones model was used to compute Discretionary Accruals to measure Earnings Management based on data obtained using Bloomberg terminals. Statistical results and plots generated in Stata offer evidence that instances of earnings management have significantly reduced after the enactment of the Companies Act 2013 and the adoption of Indian Accounting standards which are converged with the IFRS. Findings suggest that services firms are engaging in relatively higher levels of earnings management compared to manufacturing firms. This study reveals the positive impact of improved corporate governance, regulation, and enforcement by significantly reducing the levels of earnings management among listed firms in India. 2021 by the authors. -
Impact of inclusive recreational and life-skill activities on physical, personal care, and communication skills of students with intellectual disability
Background and Study Aim Students with intellectual disabilities (SwID) often face challenges in interpersonal communication, personal hygiene, and motor development, hindering their social integration and independence. Physical activity and socialization are key factors for improving these areas, but traditional fitness programs often do not address the specific needs of SwID. This study aims to determine the effect of Inclusive Recreational and Life-Skill Activities (IRLSA) on SwID, specifically in their physical abilities, personal hygiene, and interpersonal communication. Material and Methods The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design. Forty male students with mild intellectual disabilities were selected from special schools and academies in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Their age was 15.9 1.42 years, height 157.52 8.32 cm, weight 57.57 7.72 kg, and BMI 23.15 2.04. Participants were selected based on their ability to follow basic instructions and the absence of severe medical conditions restricting movement. They were divided into two groups: a control group (n=20) that continued their daily routine and an experimental group (n=20) that participated in 16 weeks of inclusive recreational and life-skill activities. The training sessions focused on cardiovascular endurance, physical strength, flexibility, personal hygiene practices, and communication skills. Pre-and post-intervention measures were conducted using standardized tests. Results The experimental group showed significant improvements compared to the control group (p < 0.05) in all measured parameters: cardiovascular endurance (6-min walk test: p=0.001), flexibility (Sit and reach: p=0.001), muscular strength (lower body) (Sit-to-stand: p=0.007), muscular strength (upper body) (5 kg medicine ball throw: p=0.002), personal care and safety (Comprehensive assessment tool: p=0.001), and communication and interpersonal skills (p=0.001). In contrast, the control group showed minimal or no improvements in these variables (p > 0.05), reinforcing the need for structured interventions. Conclusions The study demonstrates that IRLSA significantly enhance physical fitness, personal care, and communication skills among SwID. The structured, peer-supported approach fosters holistic development and social inclusion. These findings advocate for the systematic integration of IRLSA into educational and therapeutic programs to promote functional independence and well-being in this population. Dharmalingam Yuvaraj, Govind Premkumar, Mani Aravindh, Manamkandath Mohamedprince, Kombath Asaraf Rinsha, 2025. -
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on E-Business of Small- and Medium-Scale Enterprises in Nigeria
The researchers examined the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-business adoption on the performance and growth of small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Using a survey research approach, the research integrates quantitative data from a survey of 30 SMEs across various sectors with the link of a well-structured questionnaire sent to a carefully determined sample of SMEs within Abuja and Lagos. The findings revealed that SMEs in Abuja and Lagos make use of ICTs for e-business, of which some of the tools are computers, internet, tablets, smartphones, videoconferencing, and more. Findings also showed that the adopted ICTs are effective in the conduct of the business activities of the SMEs. ICTs as utilised by the SMEs were found to be useful and therefore are suited for recommendations to other business people. The researchers conclude that ICTs are important in the business architecture of Nigeria and also recommend that strategic investments in ICT infrastructure, targeted training programmes, and supportive government policies are crucial for maximising the benefits of e-business for SMEs in Nigeria. These findings are of significance to business owners and the nation in general as they provide a comprehensive understanding of the critical role of ICT in the e-business architecture of Nigeria and how that can also contribute to the fostering of sustainable growth of gross domestic product (GDP). 2026 Mary Agamalafiya, Kelvin Inobemhe and Tsegyu Santas -
Impact of Innovative Technology on Quality Education: The Resourceful Intelligence for Smart Society Development
Quality education is the systematic learning and execution road map that build confidence among the learners and develop employability skills. Innovative techniques are the central facilitators of providing quality education for the younger generation. The economists, scientists, management experts, and research initiators are putting their efforts to develop a certain sustainable system in quality education through innovative technology. This is about digital equity, customized education, activity-based classroom, where the young mind is to be in synchronizing with the technology to explore new possibilities of learning and accomplishment. The research initiative reveals the system of implementing the innovative technology for quality education that has a direct impact on smart society development. The principal outcomes of the research initiative include the innovative ideas that transform the traditional education system into a dynamic education framework. The framework includes the integration of tools and techniques for standard mode of operations that reflects the productive and realistic education system. The researchers gracefully interconnected the concepts, methods, and applications of a quality education system that will open up new vistas for future research initiatives in the area of digital education, industry-institution collaboration, developing smart society, and economy of a nation at large. There is significant level of impact of innovative technology on quality education that leads to independent employability skills, creative, and innovative projects for facilitating future generation. All the influencing factors of resourceful intelligence together have great impact on smart society development that leads to provide modern facilities for the residents of smart society and create favorable environment for the future generations. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Impact of Intangibles on Bank's Performance
Finance Management, Vol-59, pp. 15274- 15283. ISSN-2229-712X -
Impact of Integrated Explicit Instruction on Development of Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions among Adolescents
Critical thinking is an essential skill that is required for survival in the twenty first newlinecentury. Educational institutions are gearing up to align their curriculum to ensure the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions among their candidates. However, there are few empirical studies that layout a clear road map of instructional strategies for the teaching of critical thinking. Given that adolescents are the most receptive to neurobiological skill and disposition development and that Literature is one of the best platforms that connects to real life, this research uses the educational design research method to develop an Integrated Explicit Instruction (IEI) module that could be used in English classes to teach adolescents critical thinking skills and develop in them critical thinking dispositions. This research not only bridges the gap in an empirically tested instructional strategy to teach critical thinking but also lays the foundation for further longitudinal studies that could measure the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions long term in participants who have been exposed to the intervention. -
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Impact of investor sentiments on stock returns in India: An ESG perspective
This book chapter aims to explain how the investor sentiments in India impacts the returns of ESG stocks, further investigating how the stocks return gets affected positively or negatively by the behavior of investors after examining the ESG reports of a company. This study also provides a comparative analysis about the performance of ESG stocks over Non ESG stocks in the Indian Market. This includes understanding about the increased focus on ESG metrics which leads to superior stock performance, lower risk, or enhanced investor confidence compared to non- ESG investments. Hence, it provides us with a holistic picture of Indian market through an ESG perspective. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Crystal Growth and Surface Morphology of Ruthenium-doped TiO2 Nano Heterojunction Structures for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Evans Blue Dye and the Associated Antibacterial Activities
Novel Ru-doped TiO2 nanocomposites (Ru/TiO2 NCs) were synthesized at a 130 C temperature and 24-h incubation period using hydrothermal methods with and without ionic liquids (ILs). NCs were synthesized using 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the ILs and titanium(IV) isopropoxide and ruthenium(III) nitrate as the precursors. The presence of Ru in the NCs was analyzed using different characterization techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of anatase and rutile phases as well as the nanocrystalline texture of the prepared Ru/TiO2 NCs. The presence of Ru, Ti, and O was confirmed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical properties and bandgap energies of Ru/TiO2 NCs were determined via ultraviolet (UV)visible (Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; the optical properties exhibited a redshift in the optical response toward the visible region owing to the reduced bandgap energy of Ru/TiO2 NCs in the visible region after doping Ru into the TiO2 nanocrystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a highly voluminous and porous network of Ru/TiO2 NCs. Moreover, different concentrations of Ru were doped into the TiO2 matrix to investigate the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Among all the synthesized NCs, 0.3-wt% Ru/TiO2 NCs exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency and was therefore considered the optimum concentration. Moreover, it exhibited the highest BET surface area and quantum efficiency compared with other Ru/TiO2 NCs. Results revealed that Ru/TiO2 NCs synthesized via IL-assisted hydrothermal method, i.e., R3TL, exhibited considerably enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities compared to the NCs synthesized without the ILs, i.e., R3TH. The inhibition pattern showed an excellent zone of inhibition (p < 0.001) in several strains with both NCs (R3TL and R3TH). However, Gram-positive Staphylococcusaureus exhibited a remarkably increased zone of inhibition (35 mm) compared with all the other strains used for R3TH. In contrast, Bacillus sp. exhibited the second largest zone of inhibition (21 mm) for R3TL after S. aureus (34 mm). In summary, this study emphasized the role of ILs and reaction mechanisms. The author(s) 2025. -
Impact of job stress and work-life balance on turnover intention among Indian healthcare workers
The Healthcare sector is widely regarded as a high-stress-inducing environment, with considerable studies examining job stress and work-life balance in the healthcare sector since the COVID-19 pandemic. While these factors are well-documented, there is a growing need to shift the focus towards rising turnover rates within the industry post-pandemic. With this background, the study aims to examine the impact of job stress and work-life balance on turnover intentions among doctors by delving deeper into the dimensions of these variables and probing the effect of demographics on these variables. The proposed research employed a quantitative design to gather data from 127 healthcare doctors using purposive sampling. The data for this study were collected through an online Google form designed with three validated scales, which comprised doctors from diverse specializations and years of experience. The findings revealed that time stress significantly impacts work interference with personal life (WIPL) and personal life interference with work (PLIW). Personal life interference with work (PLIW) emerged as the strongest determinant of turnover intentions. Further, a greater psychological strain was encountered among female doctors than their male counterparts, implying that gender also had a potential influence on the outcome of the study. As a result, the study offers recommendations that can guide the retention strategies in healthcare organizations and promote a healthier and sustainable workforce. The Author(s) 2026. -
Impact of knowledge management on organizational performance: An application of structural equation modeling
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamic relationships among the essential knowledge management (KM) constructs, i.e. strategy, enablers and processes, and to establish their links to organizational performance using a holistic integrated model. Design/methodology/approach: The structural equation modeling approach was used in the research study. The primary data were collected from IT managers in Indian software firms. Findings: The study successfully tested an integrated KM model in an Indian scenario. The study found that the KM strategy, enablers and processes had a significant positive relationship with the organizational performance. An appropriately designed KM strategy significantly influenced the KM enablers and KM process. KM enablers nurtured in an organization positively impacted the KM process. Furthermore, the KM process partially mediated the relationship between the KM strategy and organizational performance, and partially mediated the relationship between KM enablers and organizational performance. Originality/value: This study is one of the few to empirically establish how the essential KM constructs of strategy, enablers and processes together impact organizational performance. 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Impact of language-based diversity on affective, normative and continuance commitments level amid techs
Language-based diversity is a relatively understudied area within diversity research. The present paper examines the effects of language-based diversity among IT employees on levels of affective, normative and continuance commitments in Bengaluru, Cosmopolitan city. In primary data, responses are collected through well framed questionnaires and direct interaction with the employees to selected sample of 550 respondents of 10 Information Technology organisations in Bengaluru city. The independence of the two characteristics mother tongue and continuance commitment was tested using Cramers V statistic and the asymptotic significance value of 0.000 resulted into the conclusion that the two characteristics are not independent. 51.9% of the employees with mother tongue Tamil have high level continuance commitment. Cramers V statistic was used to test the independence of the two attributes namely, mother tongue and total commitment, and it was found that the asymptotic significance value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Hence it was found that the characteristics are not independent. IAEME Publication.