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K???an???am Performance: K???a Devotion, Ritual Ecology, and Colonial Transformation in South India
This paper critically explores K???an???am, a Sanskrit ritual dance-theater tradition from Kerala, as a product of socio-political and religious transformations in early modern South India. Conceived in the mid-17th century by the Zamorin King M?nav?da, author of the Sanskrit text K???ag?ti, K???an???am was both a devotional offering to Lord K???a and a strategic expression of ritual sovereignty. Rooted in K???a bhakti (devotion), the tradition reflects how religious performance was mobilized to assert political legitimacy, particularly amid rivalry with regional powers such as Travancore. The Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple, situated in the Malabar region of northern Kerala and central to the performance of K???an???am, emerged as a vital sacred space where royal patronage, ritual authority, and caste hierarchy intersected. The performances exclusivity restricted to Hindu audiences within temple premises reinforced patterns of spatial control and caste-based exclusion. Institutional support codified the tradition, sustaining it across generations within a narrow sociocultural framework. With the decline of Zamorin rule and the onset of colonialism, K???an???am faced structural disruptions. Colonial interventions in temple administration, landholding, and religious patronage weakened its ritual foundations. Guruvayurs transformation into a public devotional center reflected wider shifts in ritual ecology and sacred geography under colonial modernity. In both the colonial and postcolonial periods, K???an???am struggled to survive, nearly facing extinction before its revival under the Guruvayur temples custodianship. By examining K???a devotion, royal ambition, caste dynamics, and colonial transformation, this paper offers a critical lens on Keralas evolving religious and cultural landscapes. 2025 by the authors. -
Kaizen costing a management technique /
International Journal Of Business And Management Invention, Vol.4, Issue 9, pp.1-5, ISSN No: 2319-801X. -
Kakkot List- An Improved Variant of Skip List
Kakkot list is a new data structure used for quick searching in a well ordered sequence of list like Skip list. This ordered sequence of list is created using linked list data structure and the maximum number of levels here will be limited to log n in all input behavioral cases. The maximum number of items in each level is halved to that of previous levels and thus guarantees a fast searching in a list. The basic difference between Kakkot list and Skip list lies in the creation of levels and decision of when an item has to be included in the higher levels. In skip list the levels are created and items are added to each level during the insertion of an item where as in Kakkot list this will be done at the time of searching an item. This modification have made drastic impact in searching time complexity in the Kakkot list. Another issue in Skip list is that it is not cache friendly and does not optimize locality of reference wherein this problem is also addressed in Kakkot List. 2020 IEEE. -
KAMAL HAASAN- THE VERSATILE ACTOR
Kamal Haasan is one actor who has a dynamic image in Tamil film Industry. He is one actor who is never scared of experimenting with his roles. This paper tries to find the change in image of the actor. In the present scenario the cinegoers look up to him as an actor, because of his versatility and he his predominantly known for his acting. In a time where the actors were making big budget films for commercialization, Kamal Haasan wanted to make films that had an in-depth story which people could relate to. With Apporva Raagangal he started off his career and got the Filmfare Award for the best actor. He is one actor who never stops from experimenting in films and taking up new roles as a director, producer etc. The paper would analyze twelve of his movies. Thus through this visual analysis the researcher tries to find out whether an actual image transition has happened in the actor and whether the change has been maintained. The researcher has short listed twelve movies for visual analysis, they are: Sigappu Rojakkal, Moondram Pirai, Nayagan, Apoorva Sagodharangal, Thevar Magan, Indian, Avvai Shanmughi, Hey Ram, Thenali, Virumandi, and Vishwaroopam. -
Kamla Chowdhry (19202006)
Kamla Chowdhry played a pivotal role in the development of management education and industry relations in India, beginning her career at the Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA). As head of the Psychology division, she transformed workplace dynamics in the textile mills of Ahmedabad through her research on workers lives, enhancing stakeholder relations and productivity. Chowdhry was the first faculty member at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), where she designed the influential Programme for Management Development. She held prestigious positions, including the Hindustan Lever Professor of Management Practices and was among the first women appointed to Harvard Business School as visiting faculty. Following her tenure at IIMA, Chowdhry served as an advisor for the Ford Foundation and led the National Wastelands Development Board, contributing significantly to sustainable development initiatives and serving on key commissions related to forestry and the environment. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Braj Bhushan; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Kannada script recognitions from scanned book cover images
Text extraction from the images plays a vital role in providing valuable information. Text extraction from images is still a challenging area specially extracting text from regional scripts of India like Kannada, Malayalam etc. Most of the times the images contain complex background then the cropping of text becomes even more challenging for extracting features. The input image is a scanned document images of Kannada book cover which is scanned with flatbed scanner of 400dpi resolution. The data sets are created by dividing the original images into number of varied size of blocks. Both spatial and frequency features are extracted for classifying images. This paper aims at recognizing the scanned images block which contains text or not by using multiple feature approach. The classification is analysed using Multilayer perceptron, Kstar and KNN. Experiments are performed on different sets of scanned documents of text cover images. Compare to all the classifiers KNN has given the encouraging results. Research India Publications. -
Kannada translation and validation of Wellman and Liu's theory of mind scale and children's social understanding scale in preschoolers
Background: Assessing theory of mind (ToM) in children is crucial for understanding social cognition. Wellman and Liu's ToM scale and the Children's Social Understanding Scale (CSUS) have been used to study ToM in children but are not available in the local language. Aim: This study aims to translate both scales into Kannada and validate them in preschool children. Methods: Following the rigorous WHO protocol, we meticulously translated and back-translated Wellman and Liu's ToM and CSUS into Kannada with the help of bilingual experts. Validation involved administering both scales to 118 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from diverse urban and rural backgrounds in a cross-sectional study, ensuring the scales' applicability across different settings. Results: The Cronbach's alpha values for Wellman and Liu's ToM and the CSUS were 0.769 (95% CI 0.698 to 0.828) and 0.983 (95% CI 0.978 to 0.987), respectively, indicating high internal consistency. The test-retest reliability for Wellman and Liu's ToM scale domains ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, and for the CSUS, it was 0.99, demonstrating good reliability. Pearson's correlation between the domains of two scales ranged from 0.32 to 0.69, suggesting a moderate relationship. Conclusion: Our study findings demonstrate that Kannada translations of Wellman and Liu's ToM and CSUS have good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. These tools will be valuable for understanding social cognition in preschool children. 2024 Indian Journal of Psychiatry. -
Kashmir and Conflict: Objectivity and Balance in News Sourcing
Journalistic balance and objectivity have been critical concepts of scholarly debate. While balance traditionally meant giving equal space to opposing views, newer models of impartiality aim to represent a broader range of perspectives. Using a quantitative content analysis, this chapter analyses news published in the two leading English dailies, Rising Kashmir from Kashmir and Daily Excelsior from Jammu of the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 to 31 October 2022. As many as 62 newspaper editions comprising 987 pages of broadsheets are examined and conflict-related news articles are sampled for analysis. A manual analysis is used to analyse the conflict news articles and identify the sources quoted in them. Study findings indicate the dominance of elite political sources in the news reports. Drawing from seminal studies in journalistic sociology, such as Gans Deciding Whats News, this chapter discusses the implications of the high prevalence of elite voices, comprising political, social and economic. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Kathakali
Kathakali stamp was issued on 26 April, 2002. The Department of Posts, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Japan with the issue of a set of 2 commemorative postage stamps and a miniature sheet. The theme is the rich traditions of classical performing arts Kabuki (Japan) and Kathakali (India). -
Keeladi vs Vedic History: The Battle for Indias Past
Keeladi is not simply about pottery shards and drainage systems; it is about who gets to shape the story of India. -
Keggin-Type H5PMo10V2O40Intercalated MgAl-LDH: Structural Integrity and Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity
The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts is central to sustainable water electrolysis, yet many systems are limited by poor electronic conductivity and inadequate durability. In particular, the high solubility of discrete polyoxometalates (POMs) clusters hinders their direct deployment as stable heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Here, a Keggin-type H5PMo10V2O40 POM is intercalated into MgAl layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) by a formamide-assisted exfoliation-reassembly strategy to afford a POM@MgAl-LDH hybrid. Structural characterization confirms quantitative ion exchange of POM anions into the LDH galleries and an increase of the basal spacing to 9.210.5 Density functional theory calculations indicate thermodynamically favorable intercalation (?E ? ?2.3 eV per formula unit) and predict an equilibrium interlayer distance that matches the experiment. The hybrid exhibits a BET surface area of 50.6 m2 g1 and hierarchical porosity. In 1.0 M KOH, POM@MgAl-LDH functions as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, affording hydrogen and oxygen evolution overpotentials of 215 and 411 mV at 10 mA cm2, respectively, with ?97% current retention over 12 h of electrolysis. These results suggest that spatial confinement of redox-active POM clusters within an earth-abundant MgAl-LDH host reduces POM loss into solution and improves the electrocatalytic response of LDH framework, offering a practical route to nonprecious-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting. 2026 American Chemical Society -
Kerala Development and the Attapadi Adivasi
The development experience of the state of Kerala in southwest India is based generally on democratic principles of equality and popular participation. This article focuses on the lives of the Adivasi1 people of Attapadi in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It argues that the state of Kerala largely treats the Adivasis as secondary citizens and ignores their right to be socially and economically empowered. The state of Kerala takes pride in its positive ranking on human development and social progress indexes but has not done enough to stop Adivasi infants from dying of malnutrition, and Adivasis demands for land rights have been disregarded. As a result, they are forced to live obscure lives in poverty and generally unable to influence their sociopolitical sphere. 2023 The Author(s). -
Kerala flood : Foreign aid and cooperative federalism /
International Journal of Research And Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), Vol.5, Issue 3, pp.464-467, ISSN No: 2348-1269. -
Kerala schools to discuss drug abuse prevention, emotional well-being, digital discipline, legal rights and hygiene
With its high literacy rates and relatively strong infrastructure, Kerala is uniquely equipped to pilot such programmes, writes P John J Kennedy -
Kerala's Haritha Karma Sena model of waste management: A critical analysis through the lens of sustainability
Urbanization had a glacial pace in India for a good period of time. It became active only in the 21st century. However, compared to national average, Kerala's percentage of urban population was very high during the 1980-1990s. But along with urbanization, Kerala also faces many challenges like environmental degradation caused mainly through unsystematic waste management system. With the support of the Clean India Mission and in response to the Supreme Court verdicts, Kerala initiated the Suchitva Mission and Haritha Keralam Mission with the tagline of 'Clean Kerala' by effectively managing the waste. This mission functioned with the field work of Haritha Karma Sena (Green Task Force), mostly employed by uneducated women. They have provided awareness among the public and systematically managed waste with their committed work. However, it also has many drawbacks and failures with regard to its implementation. In line of above, this chapter tries to critically analyze the Haritha Karma Sena model of waste management in order to examine whether it is a suitable model of waste management. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Kerala's labour market: The impact of inward and outward migration flows
[No abstract available] -
Keratin as a sustainable biopolymer for waste water treatment
Keratin is one of the most abundant natural polymers with potential application in various fields but is usually seen discarded as waste generated from poultry farms along roadsides and landfills. These are indeed the cheapest source of keratin protein which could be used for various applications. Owing to the structural properties, keratinous materials are now being exploited in wastewater treatment systems as adsorbents. The rich amino acid content having hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups has been found to be beneficial in removing contaminants from waste waters like heavy metals and dyes. Research based on this idea has received peak attention to a point where formulations of different adsorbent materials like nanofibre, biofilms and biocomposite from keratinous raw materials are now available for commercial use. This review summarises the application of keratin as an efficient adsorbent for waste water treatment providing an insight into its structure, forms of keratin used for treatments and mechanism of adsorption of different components in waste water. 2022 World Research Association. All rights reserved. -
Kernel granulometric texture analysis and light res-aspp-unet classification for covid-19 detection
This research article proposes an automatic frame work for detecting COVID -19 at the early stage using chest X-ray image. It is an undeniable fact that coronovirus is a serious disease but the early detection of the virus present in human bodies can save lives. In recent times, there are somany research solutions that have been presented for early detection, but there is still a lack in need of right and even rich technology for its early detection. The proposed deep learning model analysis the pixels of every image and adjudges the presence of virus. The classifier is designed in such a way so that, it automatically detects the virus present in lungs using chest image. This approach uses an image texture analysis technique called granulometric mathematical model. Selected features are heuristically processed for optimization using novel multi scaling deep learning called light weight residual-atrous spatial pyramid pooling (LightRES-ASPP-Unet) Unet model. The proposed deep LightRES-ASPPUnet technique has a higher level of contracting solution by extracting major level of image features. Moreover, the corona virus has been detected using high resolution output. In the framework, atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) method is employed at its bottom level for incorporating the deep multi scale features in to the discriminative mode. The architectural working starts from the selecting the features from the image using granulometric mathematical model and the selected features are optimized using LightRESASPP- Unet. ASPP in the analysis of images has performed better than the existing Unet model. The proposed algorithm has achieved 99.6% of accuracy in detecting the virus at its early stage. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
KESMR: A Knowledge Enrichment Semantic Model For Recommending Microblogs
In today's world, there's an enormous amount of information available on the Internet. Because of this, it's become really important to come up with better and smarter ways to search for things online. The old-fashioned methods, like just matching certain words or using statistics, don't work so well anymore. They often suggest web pages that are irrelevant. As the Semantic Web keeps getting bigger, it needs algorithms for the best fit. In this paper, a way to measure how different the words used for web search. This helps in suggesting the most relevant web pages. A special algorithm that can change its settings. Our proposed method demonstrates 94% accuracy. 2023 IEEE. -
Key AI Concepts for Ages 612: Logic, Patterns, and Algorithms
The digital era is providing new methods of learning, thinking, and problem-solving. Introducing the foundational ideas of AI to young learners helps them adjust to a technology-driven environment more effectively. This study explores effective ways to make young learners aged 6-12 aware of basic AI concepts, including logic, patterns, and algorithms. By utilizing secondary data, the study aims to explore effective pedagogical strategies and challenges in early education related to AI, and provide guidelines for parents and educators. The aim of the study is to enable curriculum designers and educators to design an inclusive stakeholders' model that can be used in primary education to introduce AI literacy in a way that enhances the critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities of young learners. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited.