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Study of SH wave propagation in Piezo-material semiconductors with differential imperfect contact mechanism by approximating higher-order quasi-classical method
This study investigates the propagation of a Love-type wave in a multiferroic solid cylindrical shell structure with an imperfect magneto-electroelastic (MEE) interface. An analytical solution for the layer is derived using the spatially variable Quasi-Classical approach. A numerical example illustrates the significant impact of various parameters on the wave's phase velocities and attenuation coefficients. Additionally, graphical comparisons are presented to evaluate the effects of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, and magneto-electrical imperfections under electrically and magnetically open and short boundary conditions. The results reveal that the electrically and magnetically open case exhibits significantly higher phase velocities compared to the short case. Key findings are the following: the bonding parameter is directly proportional to phase velocity but inversely proportional to the attenuation coefficient, and imperfection parameters profoundly influence both the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient profiles. This theoretical study provides valuable insights into piezoelectric and piezomagnetic coupling mechanisms, highlighting their potential applications in designing advanced devices such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and nano-electronic systems. The novelty of this work lies in the application of the Quasi-Classical approach to solving differential equations for the first time in a polar coordinate system. IMechE 2025 -
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE HUNTER-PREY OPTIMIZATION FOR OPTIMAL INTEGRATION OF CAPACITOR BANKS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DISTRIBUTION GENERATION UNITS IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
This article put forward the determination of the optimal siting and sizing of capacitor banks and PV-DG (Photo-Voltaic Distribution Generation) units in a radial distribution system. A modern population-based optimization algorithm, Hunter-Prey Optimization (HPO), is applied to determine the optimal capacitor bank and PV-DG placement. This algorithm, HPO, got its motivation from the trapping behaviour of the carnivore (predator/hunter) like lions and wolves towards their target animal like deer. The typical IEEE-33 & 69 test bus systems are scrutinized for validating the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm using MATLAB software R2021b version. The acquired results are collated with the existing heuristic algorithms for the active power loss criterion. The nominal or base values for system losses and voltage profile were considered for the comparison, with the results from HPO. The HPO application has an efficient performance in figuring out the most favourable location and capacity of the capacitor banks and PV DGs compared with the other techniques. 2023 by authors and Galileo Institute of Technology and Education of the Amazon (ITEGAM). -
HunterPrey Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of PV, DSTATCOM, and EVCS in Radial Distribution Systems
This research article instigates a seminal approach for optimizing reactive power in renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) coalescing distribution systems, using the innovative HunterPrey Optimization (HPO) algorithm in conjunction with DSTATCOM as a reactive power compensator. The proposed methodology aims to minimize losses, enhance voltage stability, and improve overall system performance by simultaneously optimizing reactive power flows in photovoltaic RES (PV_DG), EV charging stations (EVCS), and DSTATCOMs within the distribution system. Simulations carried on IEEE-33, IEEE-69, and IEEE-118 test bus systems in MATLAB environment demonstrate that the HPO-based approach achieves a 91.47% and 96.61% reduction in real power losses and an improvement in voltage profile with a minimum voltage value of 0.991 and 0.994 p.u. (respectively for IEEE-33 and 69 bus systems), compared to traditional algorithms. These results highlight the lofty performance of the HPO method, effectively addressing the challenges posed by the integration of RES and EVs along with DSTATCOM. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
A Systemic Review on Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2
As the new strains spread around the world, scientists have been trying to learn more about the different strains, especially Omicron, and how SARS-CoV2 acts in general. Studying historical trends of virus spread and the structure of the virus and its strains, as well as all the mechanisms it needs to survive, can help identify the symptoms and diagnose and treat the disease. The research has shown that the new strains, including Omicron, have a higher rate of mutation and transmissibility. Additionally, due to the rapid spread of the virus, there has not been a significant amount of time to understand the severity of the infection. To better understand the novel variants, a detailed analysis of the basic pathophysiology of the virus is needed. This includes transcriptome analysis for the recombination index to identify variation in the strand. This aided in the diagnostic process, and therapeutics for mutants of the virus could be treated. The Omicron strain is particularly threatening due to its rapid transmission rate and its property of immune evasion, which can make it less vulnerable to vaccination. 2023 Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. -
Cytogenetic Consequences Of Food Industry Workers Occupationally Exposed To Cooking Oil Fumes (Cofs)
Background: Cooking oil fumes (COFs) with smoking habits is a substantial risk that aggravates genetic modifications. The current study was to estimate the biological markers of genetic toxicity counting Micronucleus changes (MN), Chromosome Aberrations (CA) and DNA modifications among COFs exposures and control subjects inherent from South India. Materials and Methods: Present analysis comprised 212 COFs with tobacco users and equivalent number of control subjects. Results: High frequency of CA (Chromatid type: and chromosome type) were identified in group II experimental subjects also high amount of MN and DNA damage frequency were significantly (p < 0.05) in both subjects (experimental smokers and non-smokers). Present analysis was observed absence of consciousnessamong the COFs exposures about the destructive level of health effects of tobacco habits in working environment. Conclusion: COFs exposed workers with tobacco induce the significant alteration in chromosomal level. Furthermore, a high level of rate of genetic diseases (spontaneous abortion) were identified in the experimental subjects. This finding will be helpful for preventive measures of COFs exposed workers and supportive for further molecular analysis 2021,Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. All Rights Reserved. -
Carcinogens in Food: Evaluating the Presence of Cadmium, Lead, in Poultry Meat in South India
Objective: Local chickens were spontaneously sampled and slaughtered in the central markets of Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal districts, South India. Materials and Methods: Wet digestion was used to extract lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in their blood and selected different organs (intestine, breast, liver, and gizzard), and their concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Apart from the blood of chickens from Coimbatore and Namakkal, where Pb was not found, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and organs of chickens from the three towns ranged from 1.8 to 8.33 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum tolerance thresholds (0.1 mg/kg) in internal organs of poultry birds. Except for the intestine of chickens from the three areas, Cd was only found in the heart, blood, and gizzard of Erode chickens, as well as the liver and gizzard of Namakkal chickens, in concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 0.58. According to threshold level, the upper limit met the maximum limits (0.5 mg/kg). Zn was found in all sections of chickens from the three selected districts, with concentrations ranging from 4.96 to 174.17 mg/kg. Conclusion: Its concentrations were within the permissible limits (10-50 mg/kg) in some areas of certain chickens, but it surpassed the permissible limit in the liver of chicken from Coimbatore. Any organs and blood from local chickens sold in Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal areas can be hazardous to ones health. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License -
Exosome mediated cell signal toward breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review
Breast cancer (BC) is among the most frequent cancer and is, more challenging to treat due to its heterogeneity and metastatic ability. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are quite significant for diagnosis and prognosis, given their pleiotropy and drug-carrying abilities. Studying their functions, morphology, biogenesis, and involvement in important pathways can help us understand their role in BC proliferation. A detailed review of their roles in different stages of BC as metastatic disease, such as proliferation, intravasation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, extravasation, immune evasion, and metastatic growth, can help us understand how to target therapy as well as diagnosis. In the metastatic process, exosome involvement can also be tied to the seed and soil hypothesis, allowing us to understand the direction of progression. From their isolation to the study of their contents in relevance to BC in the process of detection, we have therapeutic applications and can make a significant contribution to the field of oncology. Hence, the present review focuses on this exosome-mediated cell signaling molecule and its importance in BC progression and development. 2022 Anushka and Pappuswamy, et al. -
Structure of molecule, density gradient, orbital locator and reactivity of 5,6-dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole- potent inhibitor of map kinase
The present work consists of theoretical studies with the DFT technique on the benzo[d]imidazole derivative, 5,6-Dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole, and its biological evaluation in silico. The molecule is subjected to geometry optimisation and further DFT studies in gas and solvent phases. Upon solvation with polar solvents, gradual variation in properties result. Topological analyses are performed using Multiwfn software (ELF, LOL, RDG and charge transfer) to illustrate the electron density distribution, interactions, and excitation within the title molecule. ADMETLab 2.0, PreADMET, and SwissADME online tools compute the ADMET profile. Select MAP-kinase target proteins are docked against the title molecule using AutoDock Tools and PyMOL. Discovery Studio Visualizer software is run for visualisation and result analysis of the docked ligand-protein complex. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Solvent-solute interaction, thermodynamic behaviour, structural, chemical and anti-cancer biological properties of 3(2H)-furanone derivatives
In this work, the structures, reactivities, and electronic and biological properties of the 3(2H)-furanone derivatives, 2-hydroxy-2,5-diphenyl-4-(phenylamino)furan-3(2H)-one (HDPF), 2-methoxy-2,4,5-triphenylfuran-3(2H)-one (MTPF), 3-oxo-2,4,5-triphenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl acetate (OTDF), and 2-chloro-2,4,5-triphenylfuran-3(2H)-one (CTPF), are explored via theoretical investigations using DFT (Density Functional Theory) techniques as the main tools for the study. The DFT studies include geometry optimisation, FMO (Frontier Molecular Orbital) analysis, theoretical UV studies, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) investigations, non-linear optical (NLO) analyses, and the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters. Multiwfn 3.8 software is utilised to conduct the topological analyses. The ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) profiles are produced with the SwissADME online tool. The target proteins, MCL-1 (Myeloid cell leukemia-1), BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2), and myeloblastin, are docked with the title molecules using AutoDock 1.5.6. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Computational investigation into structural, topological, electronic properties, and biological evaluation of spiro[1H-indole-3,2?-3H-1,3-benzothiazole]-2-one
The current work comprises theoretical studies on spiro[1H-indole-3,2?-3H-1,3-benzothiazole]-2-one employing density functional theory (DFT). The optimized structure and molecular geometry of the title compound were calculated. Topological studies were performed using Multiwfn 3.8, these include ELF, LOL and RDG studies to identify the main bonding regions and weak interactions in the molecule. Solvation effects were studied by taking different green solvents, using IEFPCM model. Solvation effects were investigated for electronic properties (HOMO-LUMO and UV), MEP, and NLO properties and some variation is observed in the behaviour of the title compound in gas and solvent phases. Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations are performed to study the inter- and intra-molecular charge transfer and stability. Pharmacological evaluation comprising of drug-likeness, ADME, environmental toxicity properties using online tools such as SwissADME, Pre-ADMET, and GUSAR, to determine whether the molecule can be a potential drug candidate is performed. Finally, molecular docking against anti-melanoma targets whose Ramachandran plots have been depicted to determine the stability of the target proteins, with PyMOL, AutoDock Suite and Discovery Studio Visualizer, is carried out. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Spirocyclic isatin-derivative analogues: Solvation, structural, electronic, topological, reactivity properties, and anti-leukaemic biological evaluation
The present work investigates, via computational methods, three spirocyclic isatin derivatives with ?-methylene-?-butyrolactone cores, whose synthesis, experimental data and structural-activity relationships have been reported, to compare their properties and biological action. DFT (Density Functional Theory) studies, including geometry optimisation, FMO Analysis, theoretical UV spectral analysis, NBO and NLO studies, are performed using Gaussian 09 W with a standard basis set. The IEFPCM model is employed to investigate the solvent effect on the reactivity and stability of the compounds. Topological analyses are also performed, including ELF, LOL, RDG and charge transfer studies. ADME profiling is performed using SwissADME online tool. Anti-leukaemic target proteins are selected and docked with the title compounds to understand their suitability to act against leukaemic conditions. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Solvent-solute polarity, electrophilic, steric effects, reactive sites, themodynamic quantities discussion and biological evaluation of lung cancer antiproliferative activities of spirobrassinin derivatives
The current study of spirobrassinin and its related compounds, 1-methoxyspirobrassinol and the 5-bromo analogue of methoxyspirobrassinin is performed to reveal a comparison among these molecules to understand which is the most reactive and bioactive. DFT (Density Functional Theory) studies comprising geometry optimisation (energy minimisation), FMO (Frontier Molecular Orbital) Analysis, theoretical UV analysis, NLO (Non-Linear Optics), NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) and thermodynamics studies are performed using Gaussian 09W. IEFPCM model is employed to investigate the solvent effect on the reactivity and stability of the title compounds. ADME profiles are generated using SwissADME, PreADMET and ADMETLab 2.0. Interesting lung cancer target proteins are docked with the title compounds is finally performed to obtain insight into the molecules' anticancer potential. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Computational Chemical Property Prediction and Anticancer Simulation of Heterocyclic Molecules
The Density Functional Theory (DFT) technique is popularly employed in establishing organic molecules' structural properties and reactivities. The B3LYP hybrid functional with the basis set 6-311G++(d,p) is utilised in the computational calculations with Gaussian 09W software. The DFT studies include energy minimisation (geometry optimisation), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analyses, theoretical UV spectral computation, natural bond orbital (NBO) evaluation, Topological analyses using Multiwfn 3.8 software are performed to evaluate the Pauli repulsion in atomic orbitals (as shown by ELF (Electron Localisation Function) maps), the areas of strong and weak pi-delocalisation in the molecules (as depicted in LOL (Localised Orbital Locator) maps) and the weak non-covalent intra-molecular interactions (as indicated in colour maps of RDG (Reduced Density Gradient)). Pharmacological evaluation is performed using SwissADME, ADMETLab 2.0, and PreADMET online tools. Molecular docking is performed using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 with select anticancer target proteins to predict the bioactivity potential of the title molecules. The molecules studied in the work include a spiro compoun d, spiro[1H-indole-3,2-3H-1,3- benzothiazole]-2-one, a 2(3H)-furanone, 3,3,5-triphenylfuran-2(3H)-one, and a benzo[d]imidazole, 5,6-dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H- benzimidazole. In addition, comparative studies are performed on the structure and reactivity of spirobrassinin derivatives, spirocyclic isatin-derivative analogues, and 3(2H)-furanones, and these three classes of molecules have already been predicted to possess anticancer properties in vitro. Interesting properties emerge in the preliminary theoretical investigations for these molecules, particularly in the FMO, the NLO and the molecular docking studies. The theoretical studies explore the reactivity, structure, and stability of the molecules under study, and biological evaluation examines their potential as lead compounds for cancer therapeutics. These studies can be further extended to include experimental validation and in vitro and in vivo tests to confirm further the efficacy of the anticancer action as well as the potential toxicity of the compounds. The theoretical investigations provide a database of information that could be useful for experimental scientists and medicinal chemists who primarily focus on drug design and discovery in their research so that they can narrow down the number of possible lead compounds from the vast chemical space of organic compounds that possess drug-like characteristics. -
New Paradigm of Marketing-Financial Integration Modelling for Business Performance: An IMC Model
When it comes to the provision of financial services, the integrated marketing communication (IMC) process is crucial in the creation and maintenance of client-provider bonds. This research presents a literature assessment on the theoretical basis for using marketing communication tools in the provision of financial services. This research is an attempt to bolster the little theoretical literature on the effectiveness of marketing communication techniques in the provision of financial services. Financial service providers use marketing communication as a channel for two-way exchanges with their clientele, with the ultimate goal of maximising the benefits their customers bring to the company. When it comes to providing financial services, an organisations success hinges on its ability to effectively manage its relationships with both current and potential consumers. As a result, it is important for practical reasons to be guided by well-defined marketing communications goals to identify the extent of usage and within the constraints of available resources. In this regard, businesses are free to establish specific communications objectives in accordance with their unique situations to direct the implementation of their IMC plan. This study aims to find out an impact of financial integration with IMC on business performance. This study is descriptive in nature. Primary data is collected with the help of questionnaire. The study finds that the financial integration in the IMC model has a statistically significant impact on business success. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Cricket Shot Classification with Deep Learning: Insights for Coaching and Spectator Experience Enhancement
The cricket field has undergone significant transformations owing to recent technological advancements, particularly in countries like India. Technology has been used to determine projected scores, chances of winning, run rates, and many more parameters. This study centers on employing Deep Learning in cricket, focusing on the classification of different types of shots played by batsmen to aid in creating coaching strategies and enhancing the spectator experience. The proposed model uses a dataset of cricketing shots generated by collecting images from the internet, comprising 5781 images of 7 distinct shot types played by batters. The VGG-16, VGG-19, and RestNet-50 model architectures were trained for the classification task, with the best result obtained from VGG-16. Pre-processing tasks, such as scaling, augmentation, etc., were performed on the images before classification. Subsequently, 85% of the total images were used to train the model and for testing, rest 15% of images, resulting in an accuracy of 96.50% from VGG-16, 92% from VGG-19, and 78% from RestNet-50. 2024 IEEE. -
Structural and antibacterial assessment of two distinct dihydroxy biphenyls encapsulated with ?-cyclodextrin supramolecular complex
?-Cyclodextrin plays a vital role in biological application because it can enhance the stability and solubility of the guest molecules in the supramolecular inclusion complexes. Moreover, the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex has control-releasing behavior and lower toxicity than bare guest molecules. To improve the solubility and stability properties of two structurally different fluorescent guest molecules, namely 2,2?-dihydroxy biphenyl and 3,3?-dihydroxy biphenyls, they involve the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex process. Optical measurements clearly described the efficient binding through the changes in the absorbance and emission intensities of guest molecules in the presence of ?-Cyclodextrin. The Job's plot from absorbance measurements reveals the 1:1 stochiometric ratio of binding of guests and the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The FT-IR spectra of the solid complex show the characteristic stretching and bending vibrations from both the guests and the host molecule. The 1HNMR spectra of the inclusion complex promote downfield shifting of guest molecule protons upon binding with the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The solid complex prepared using the solution method exhibits superior antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to the kneading and physical mixing methods. 2024 -
Structural and antibacterial assessment of two distinct dihydroxy biphenyls encapsulated with ?-cyclodextrin supramolecular complex
?-Cyclodextrin plays a vital role in biological application because it can enhance the stability and solubility of the guest molecules in the supramolecular inclusion complexes. Moreover, the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex has control-releasing behavior and lower toxicity than bare guest molecules. To improve the solubility and stability properties of two structurally different fluorescent guest molecules, namely 2,2?-dihydroxy biphenyl and 3,3?-dihydroxy biphenyls, they involve the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex process. Optical measurements clearly described the efficient binding through the changes in the absorbance and emission intensities of guest molecules in the presence of ?-Cyclodextrin. The Job's plot from absorbance measurements reveals the 1:1 stochiometric ratio of binding of guests and the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The FT-IR spectra of the solid complex show the characteristic stretching and bending vibrations from both the guests and the host molecule. The 1HNMR spectra of the inclusion complex promote downfield shifting of guest molecule protons upon binding with the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The solid complex prepared using the solution method exhibits superior antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to the kneading and physical mixing methods. 2024 -
One-Pot Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ageratum conyzoides and Their Biological Efficacy
The main objective of the present research work is to assess the biological properties of the aqueous plant extract (ACAE) synthesised silver nanoparticles from the herbal plant Ageratum conyzoides, and their biological applications. The silver nanoparticle syntheses from Ageratum conyzoides (Ac-AgNPs) were optimised with different parameters, such as pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and varied silver nitrate concentration (1 mM and 5 mM). Based on the UVvis spectroscopy analysis of the synthesised silver nanoparticles, the concentration of 5 mM with the pH at 8 was recorded as the peak reduction at 400 nm; and these conditions were optimized were used for further studies. The results of the FE-SEM analysis recorded the size ranges (~3090 nm), and irregular spherical and triangular shapes of the AC-AgNPs were captured. The characterization reports of the HR-TEM investigation of AC-AgNPs were also in line with the FE-SEM studies. The antibacterial efficacies of AC-AgNPs have revealed the maximum zone of inhibition against S. typhi to be within 20 mm. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of AC-AgNPs is shown to have an effective antiplasmodial property (IC50:17.65 ?g/mL), whereas AgNO3 has shown a minimum level of IC50: value 68.03 ?g/mL, and the Ac-AE showed >100 ?g/mL at 24 h of parasitaemia suppression. The ?-amylase inhibitory properties of AC-AgNPs have revealed a maximum inhibition similar to the control Acarbose (IC50: 10.87 ?g/mL). The antioxidant activity of the AC-AgNPs have revealed a better property (87.86% 0.56, 85.95% 1.02 and 90.11 0.29%) when compared with the Ac-AE and standard in all the three different tests, such as DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 scavenging assay, respectively. The current research work might be a baseline for the future drug expansion process in the area of nano-drug design, and its applications also has a lot of economic viability and is a safer method in synthesising or producing silver nanoparticles. 2023 by the authors. -
Marine brown algae (Sargassum wightii) derived 9-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid: A promising inhibitor of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase with mechanistic insights from molecular docking and its non-target toxicity analysis
Jeopardized glucose hemostasis leads to cronic metaboic disorder like Diabetes mellitus and it is predicted to occur in ?700 million people in the coming 20 years. Our study aims to isolate Palmitic acid (C16H32O3), 9-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid metabolite from Sargassum wightii to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and decline the risk of diabetes. High docking score of palmitic acid with both ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase is observed in in-silico molecular docking analysis, in comparison to commercially available drug acarbose. The three hydrogen bond in palmitic acid interacts with the important amino acids like Arg195, Lys200 and Asp300 in Glide XP docking mode for alpha-amylase. For ?-glucosidase, quantum-polarized ligand docking (QPLD) was used with similar three hydrogen bond interactions. Both docking studies showed significant binding interaction of palmitic acid with ?-amylase (?5.66 and ?5.14 (Kcal/mol)) and with ?-glucosidase (?4.52 and ?3.51(Kcal/mol)) with respect to the standard, acarbose docking score. The bioactive palmitic acid isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum wightii is already seen to inhibit digestive enzyme with non-target property in Artemia nauplii and zebra fish embryos. Further studies are required to investigate its role in in vivo antidiabetic effects due to its non-toxic and digestive enzyme inhibitory properties. It can be recommended in additional pharmaceutical studies to develop novel therapeutics to manage diabetes mellitus. 2023 SAAB -
Environmentally Sustainable Event Management for Industry Innovations and Growth
This chapter investigates the convergence of event management operations and sustainable practices to guide their function of stimulating innovation and development within the event management sector. With increasing necessity, sustainability becomes central and unavoidable to the world economy, and event professionals are increasingly embracing green practices in order to minimize environmental footprints while enhancing overall experiences for attendees. This chapter gives an extensive overview of important sustainability concepts, energy efficiency, sustainable procurement and encompassing waste minimization and outlines their dayto-day applicability in the planning, staging and post-event assessment of events It also centers the role of stakeholder engagement, ranging from suppliers through to guests, in influencing sustainable action. The chapter ends with suggesting future research directions for embedding sustainability into event management, focusing on the imperative of innovation, cooperation, and constant industry-wide dedication to protecting the planet. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.