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A Slotted Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for Sub 6 GHz 5G Communications
In this paper, a slotted circular patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is presented. The slots created on radiating element and the defect introduced on the ground plane shifted the resonance frequency from 2.49 GHz to 1.17 GHz. This corresponds to 53% reduction in size at 1.17 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate (r=4.4) with thickness of 1.6 mm. Simulations are carried out using HFSS Ver. 18.2. The simulated reflection coefficient of Circular Patch Antenna (CPA) at 2.49 GHz, Slotted Circular Patch antenna (SCPA) at 2.34 GHz and Slotted Circular Patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (SCPA-DGS) at 1.17 GHz are - 28.7 dB, -31.33 dB and -11.03 dB respectively. For validating the simulated design, SCPA-DGS is fabricated and measured its reflection coefficient and VSWR using Vector Network Analyzer (Anritrsu S820E). The measured and simulated values are very well matched with each other. Therefore the proposed antennas may be used in sub 6 GHz 5G communication applications. 2022 IEEE. -
A Smart Academic Ecosystem Framework for Enhancing Digital Skills and Startup Success Among Potential Women Entrepreneurs
Lack of digital literacy is still a significant impediment for women entrepreneurs to participate and succeed in sectors that rely on technology infrastructure, as mentoring and incubation support is uneven, even for those who are skilled. Conventional academic programs tend to lack well-defined links between structured digital education and entrepreneurial careers, and, as a consequence, gaps between learning outcomes and startup success result. This paper introduces a Smart Academic Ecosystem (SAE) Framework, with tailored and interactive digital adaptation, AI-based mentorship, and dedicated startup incubation, pleading for a standard, one-size-fits-all system. The framework is implemented with a layered architecture comprising data ingestion (from learning management systems), feature stores (learner profiling), and algorithmic modules (knowledge tracing, contextual learning path recommendations, graph-based mentor matching, and venture readiness scoring). Fairness-enabling interventions and privacy-preserving analytics are built into the system to support fairness and trust. A pilot evaluation with early-stage women entrepreneurs identified substantial gains: digital skills mastery increased by more than 20%, startup initiation improved by 12 percentage points, and equity gaps in digital confidence and access were significantly narrowed. Findings emphasize that the SAE model leads not only to faster development of digital capability but also to higher chances of entrepreneurial success. This paper provides a replicable, standards-based, and computer-science-centred framework for academic institutions to encourage women entrepreneurs and innovation ecosystems. 2025 IEEE. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A smart attendance system and method for permission inventory during the class /
Patent Number: 202111060922, Applicant: Shivani Chaudhry.
A smart attendance system (1). The system (1) comprises a smart lecture stand (2), which having an electronic unit (2A) which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system; a smart bench (3), which having an electronic unit (3A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart stand, and smart chair of the system; a smart chair (4) comprises which having an electronic unit (4A); which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart stand of the system; a smart door (5) comprises a electronic unit (5A), which is connected to the other smart door, smart bench, and smart chair of the system. -
A Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Agricultural Farming System
Industry 4.0 has brought about a profound revolution in recent times. This advancement profoundly impacted technology usage in every aspect and has significantly improved businesses. Agriculture is one of the evergreen economic contributors to Indias GDP. With improvements in adaptability in this sector, the time is ripe for instituting IoT (Internet of Things)-based smart agriculture. Water scarcity and drastic climate change are real issues affecting crop yields, leading to the failure in the timely fulfillment of market demand (Nawandar 2019). The authors have collaborated to address these concerns by creating a system comprising a functional hardware prototype and an android application for regulating irrigation and temperature. The introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) automates crop monitoring and reduces labor costs. By using IoT, (Internet of Things) an earmarked agricultural field is covered with sensors. The sensors are concealed so as not to be affected by the bleakness of the external environment. These sensors work in tandem with drip irrigation following the sensed climatic conditions. The water is pumped directly to the root zone in an optimally sensed manner. The authors developed and tested the system successfully in a greenhouse system. The process initially aims to extract the values of soil parameters by using IoT (Internet of Things) sensors and appropriately control the watering of crops, thus enabling the cultivation of crops even in a hot and dry climate. Crops can be irrigated from a remote location and their temperature can be meticulously regulated to ensure they remain within an optimal range. Water utilization for agricultural crops is optimized with the use of automated irrigation systems that use W.S.N (Wireless - Sensor-Networks) and G.P.R.S (General-Packet-Radio-Service) modules. The algorithm employed in the system to control water usage is based on the needs of the crop and the terrain. The entire system is powered by photovoltaic panels, which are useful in rural and isolated areas without electricity (Raut and Shere 2014). A cellular network is used for duplex communication. Continuous monitoring and irrigation schedule programming are used by web apps to manage irrigation. This is also possible using a browser and web pages. A system with three identical automatic irrigation systems can save water use by up to 90%. 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
A smart road cleaning sweeper machine driven by artificial intelligence and technique /
Patent Number: 202241012016, Applicant: Dr. C. Shanthi.
The smart road cleaning sweeper machine driven by artificial intelligence and technique comprising to the road cleaning sweeper machine. The present invention more relates to the smart cleaning sweeper machine, which is run by artificial intelligence and technique parameters and particular to a kind of Intelligent cleaning robot based on advanced Path Planning Technique and its clean method., also driven by machine learning techniques and image processing sources. -
A Smartphone Based Robust Model for Intelligent Prediction of Thyroid Disease
The thyroid is an integral organ that exerts vital functionality in regulating the bodys functionality in many different ways. Intelligent thyroid disease prediction is very crucial. Through this paper we will describe a smartphone model for predicting whether a patient has thyroid disease based on certain attributes whose values are given by the user. Here, a profound machine learning algorithm named Random Forest will help us predict thyroid disease. By exercising Random Forest within a mobile application, the users can learn about any potential thyroid disease disorder and thus seek medical help in time. This will help improve both the patients and the medical providers quality of care and the help received. With the integration of the Random Forest algorithm along with the mobile application it will prove to be a vital tool which will help everyone in the healthcare fraternity because of its availability and accessibility. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
A Smartphone Coupled Freshness Indicator Prepared by Rub-coating of Hibiscus Flowers on Paper substrates for Visual Monitoring of the Spoilage of Milk
This study developed an inexpensive and easy-to-use milk freshness indicator (H-Paper) by rub-coating hibiscus flowers onto paper. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a food quality indicator prepared by direct hand-rubbing of a natural halochromic material onto paper substrates. Unlike the previously reported colorimetric indicators from natural sources, our indicator does not require the extraction of anthocyanins from the natural product. The H-Paper undergoes a quantifiable color change from green to purple to pink corresponding to fresh, spoiling, and spoiled milk samples. Digital photographs of H-Paper treated with milk samples were acquired using a smartphone, and RGB indices were analyzed using a free application. The red chromatic shift was used as a parameter to quantify color change of H-Paper to follow the spoilage of milk. Anthocyanins present in the hibiscus flowers are responsible for this colorimetric response. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept for directly rub-coating halochromic materials onto a substrate to fabricate food freshness indicators. The H-Paper indicator has advantages of naked-eye analysis, consumer-friendliness, and instrument-free operation. This requires neither any laboratory accessories nor the expertise of a trained analyst for its preparation and operation, which is appropriate for use in resource-limited settings. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
A social psychological investigation of Anti-nationalism in contemporary India A media analysis
The paper aims to explore the consensual and dissident social representations of anti-national that has re-entered the media lexicon in India post an alleged anti-national student protest in Jawaharlal Nehru University in the capital city of Delhi, India on February 9, 2016. The Social Representation Theory (SRT) is used to analyze the selected media reports of six daily newspapers, three each in English and Hindi language for a period of one year subsequent to the event. Results of thematic anchoring and anchoring by antinomy, a methodology used by Birgitta Hjer, are reported. The results reveal how the intergroup tensions and ideological differences in the polity constitute the conflicting social thinking on the referent. The paper has global implication for opening the possibilities of negotiation and transformation of social meanings related to nationalism and anti-nationalism. The Author(s) 2025. -
A Sociopolitical Study of Contemporary Ideological Discourse on Ethnic Nationalism From Tamil Nadu
The discourse on nation-building is primarily ideological and differs according to context. The present research intends to study the newlinecontemporary discourse on Ethnic nationalism produced within Tamil Nadu. It specifically focuses on the ideological discourse of Seeman and engages with the ideological discourse analysis model of Teun A van Dijk. The present research traces the emergence of Tamil nationalism in the Dravidian political terrain and the rise of Seeman s Tamil nationalism among various notions of Tamil nationalism. In this context, Dijk s ideological discourse analysis model contributes to finding the position that Seeman s Tamil nationalism occupies. Further, the research seeks to locate its position within the sociopolitical milieu of Tamil Nadu by critically analysing three cases: newlinethe pro-Jallikattu protest (2017), the Salem-Chennai Greenfield Highway protest (2018) and the Language Issue over the Consecration of Thanjavur Brihadeeswara Temple (2020), and the Assembly election results of 2016 newlineand 2021. These cases foster to explore how Seemanism is turning out to be an influential ideological discourse. Besides, the research intends to determine how far Seemanism fits within the theoretical framework of Anthony D. Smith s three processes of ethnonational transformation. The three processes are vernacular mobilisation, cultural politicisation of vernacular heritage and ethnic purification. Vernacular mobilisation works to protect the ethnic sources such as indigenous traditions, customs, language, symbols and memories. This process has underpinned to figure out how the ideological discourse is striving to disseminate the knowledge of ethnic symbols such as Murugan, Jallikattu, and Parai. Further, it has newlineassisted to find that the ideological discourse is rediscovering the position of Tamil by claiming it is an ancient language. -
A Software Package for Detecting Anomalies in User Authentication
Anomaly detection is a very important tool for various applications such as intrusion detection, fraud, malfunction, system health monitoring and event detection in IoT devices. Recently, user authentication has become an extremely popular topic in information security research environments. The definition of user authentication is formulated as the process of verifying the identity declared by the user for a system object. Authentication is a method used to distinguish between true or false authentication requests. There are many methods used to authenticate a user that can identify valid users in protected resources. This article discusses various methods for analyzing abnormal user behavior in information systems, namely such methods as machine learning, neural networks, hybrid methods. Based on the analysis of system logs in the Astra Linux operating system, a software package has been developed to identify anomalies when trying to authenticate users. 2025 IEEE. -
A space for the space theorist remembering henri lefebvre
Despite being somewhat ignored in Indian academia, Henri Lefebvre comes to our rescue every time, helping us understand and respond to spacetime challenges. 2020 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
A Space Vector Modulated Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor with Improved Transient Performance and Reduced Parameters Dependency
Direct torque control (DTC) of induction motors is hampered by high torque and current ripple. Integrating DTC with space vector pulse width modulation (DTC-SVPWM) is one of the frequently used approaches to solve this problem. However, it adds to the computational complexity, increases the number of necessary motor parameters needed for control scheme implementation, and also affects the transient performance of the induction motor; this approach compromises the robustness and simplicity of DTC scheme. To get around these restrictions, a novel control strategy is put forth in this paper. The suggested scheme enhances the steady-state performance and transient response of the motor while preserving the simplicity and robustness of the DTC scheme. To accomplish this, the proposed control scheme operates at varying switching frequencies during transient conditions and constant switching frequencies during steady-state. The suggested speed control method does not employ any rotating reference frame transformations or usage of many rotor parameters for computation, nor does it call for sector identification and operates with a single PI controller. The suggested topology also uses a bus-clamped PWM modulation technique, which lowers the average switching frequency to 2/3 times the actual switching frequency. Thus, switching losses are also decreased. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed topology in enhancing the transient and steady-state performance of the induction motor. The results are compared with the traditional DTC and DTC-SVPWM scheme. 2023 IEEE. -
A Spatio-temporal Model for the Analysis and Classification of Soil Using the IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving trend in the field of computer applications where various hardware and software are connected together to address a specific problem. With the help of the IoT, the world has become smart and enabled itself to connect various objects (e.g., cars, computers, mobile phones, and smart appliances) with distinctive Internet protocol addresses, which allows them to interact with one another, thus accomplishing various procedures. Applications of the IoT include but are not restricted to smart cities, healthcare, industry, and robotics. Amongst a huge list of applications furnished by the IoT, agricultural IoT is the theme of this chapter. The IoT in agriculture transforms entities such as crops, soils, and livestock in a smart way by utilizing underlying technologies such as embedded systems, pervasive computing, sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, ad hoc networks, various wireless communication technologies, Internet protocols and other advanced technologies. The research here focuses on the most important agriculture entity soil. It is the soil that determines the yield of a crop. The more fertile the soil, more qualitative is the yield. The main idea behind the research is to identify the soil most suitable for agriculture. Using a spatio-temporal model, the soil samples collected from various parts of the country are classified into agricultural soil and non-agricultural soil. This classification is done by the aid of features such as the pH of the soil, and its humidity, moisture, and temperature collected from IoT sensors. The chapter begins with an introduction to the usage of IoT technology in different areas of agriculture followed by an account of the proposed state-of-the-art model, and its results, analysis, and a conclusion. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vikram Bali, Vishal Bhatnagar, Deepti Aggarwal, Shivani Bali, and Mario JosDiv; individual chapters, the contributors.