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Emerging Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanozymes: A New Dimension in Biomedical Research
The enzyme-mimicking nature of versatile nanomaterials proposes a new class of materials categorized as nano-enzymes, ornanozymes. They are artificial enzymes fabricated by functionalizing nanomaterials to generate active sites that can mimic enzyme-like functions. Materials extend from metals and oxides to inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic enzyme-like properties. High cost, low stability, difficulty in separation, reusability, and storage issues of natural enzymes can be well addressed by nanozymes. Since 2007, more than 100 nanozymes have been reported that mimic enzymes like peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, protease, nuclease, hydrolase, superoxide dismutase, etc. In addition, several nanozymes can also exhibit multi-enzyme properties. Vast applications have been reported by exploiting the chemical, optical, and physiochemical properties offered by nanozymes. This review focuses on the reported nanozymes fabricated from a variety of materials along with their enzyme-mimicking activity involving tuning of materials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal-oxide NPs, metalorganic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF), and carbon-based NPs. Furthermore, diverse applications of nanozymes in biomedical research are discussed in detail. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Emerging Issues and Trends in Indian Business and Management: Volume 2: Business and Society: Issues and Cases in the Indian Context
There are many theories on why managers do not (as a behavior) or should not (as a value) supplement profit orientation with people-centrism and planet sensitivity. In practice, managers do not supplement profit orientation with considerations for people and the planet unless they have the tools and know how to make that possible. This book seeks to address that by focusing on the normative dimension of organizational development. There are two competing norms for developing an organization: first, as a profit-oriented business enterprise; and second, as a people-centric, planet-sensitive, profit-oriented business or social enterprise. The performance of a business is a concern for all stakeholders. With the growing realization of the importance of indirect stakeholders like the society and the planet, it is increasingly important to raise awareness about the social and environmental responsibilities of businesses and organizations. This book is a must-read for academics, researchers, practitioners and policymakers who are concerned about the triple bottom-line (Planet-People-Profit) performance of businesses, which is critical for their long-term sustainability. It covers topics pertaining to the relationship between business and society, including social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility, among others, and draws from real-life case studies on social initiatives. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
Emerging Era of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbots: Is It Really Required to Today Generation?
The advent of AI-powered chatbots has brought about a significant wave of technological advancement, influencing different aspects of our everyday existence. This study rigorously investigates the necessity of AI-powered chatbots in the present-day generation. Although chatbots provide the possibility for increased convenience, efficiency, and accessibility, their extensive use prompts inquiries on their necessity, ethical issues, and the possible impact on human interaction and creativity. This study attempts to provide a thorough analysis of the benefits and limitations of AI chatbots, highlighting their importance and relevance in the present period. It emphasizes the necessity of a balanced approach towards integrating these digital companions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Emerging Cyber Threats in 5G and Beyond: A Wireless Communication Perspective
There are digital age threats to cybersecurity that cost organizations and businesses their infrastructure, operations, and even sensitive data. Cybersecurity risk management is important to ensure that organizational assets are not subjected to cyberattacks, data breaches, and any other vulnerability. This paper also looks at other significant risk-reduction strategies, including threat intelligence, models of risk assessment, encryption, access control systems. It also talks about how machine learning and artificial intelligence can help improve the way threats are detected and handled. Organizations should take a proactive and layered approach to security that integrates leading-edge security methods, with regulatory compliance processes and employee awareness programs. Also, regular security checking, incident response plans and consistent monitoring help in reducing risks and business continuity. Organisations must continue to adjust as cyber threats change, utilizing cutting-edge cybersecurity solutions to fortify their defenses. Organisations may create robust security structures in a continuously linked and threatprone digital environment by using the perspectives this research offers on efficient risk management techniques. 2025 IEEE. -
Emerging challenges for the agro-industrial food waste utilization: A review on food waste biorefinery
Modernization and industrialization has undoubtedly revolutionized the food and agro-industrial sector leading to the drastic increase in their productivity and marketing thereby accelerating the amount of agro-industrial food waste generated. In the past few decades the potential of these agro-industrial food waste to serve as bio refineries for the extraction of commercially viable products like organic acids, biochemical and biofuels was largely discussed and explored over the conventional method of disposing in landfills. The sustainable development of such strategies largely depends on understanding the techno economic challenges and planning for future strategies to overcome these hurdles. This review work presents a comprehensive outlook on the complex nature of agro-industrial food waste and pretreatment methods for their valorization into commercially viable products along with the challenges in the commercialization of food waste bio refineries that need critical attention to popularize the concept of circular bio economy. 2022 -
Emerging Approaches in Digital Content Security: A Review of Blockchain Technology, Image Authentication, and Identity Management Systems
The rapid growth of digital media exchange and communication technologies has intensified the need for robust methods to ensure data integrity and protect intellectual property. This review paper explores various methodologies for safeguarding digital content, with a particular focus on distributed ledger technologies (DLT) and advanced image processing techniques. DLT, employed in blockchain systems, is highlighted for its ability to secure transactions and data in decentralized networks, mitigating the risks associated with centralized systems. In the realm of multimedia forensics, keypoint-based copy-move forgery detection methods, enhanced with density-based clustering and outlier removal algorithms, have shown superior performance in challenging conditions, effectively identifying forgeries even under geometric distortions and postprocessing. Additionally, the integration of speeded-up robust features (SURF) and polar complex exponential transform (PCET) in forgery detection offers resilience against various distortions, ensuring the authenticity of high-brightness regions in images. The paper also examines the evolution of digital identity management, where blockchain-based systems like BZDIMS employ zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) algorithms to enhance privacy and security. Through a comprehensive comparison of existing models, this paper demonstrates the advantages of these advanced technologies in enhancing data integrity, privacy, and the overall reliability of digital content verification systems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Emerging applications of sustainable modified CdO/Ag-CdO NPs for electrochemical sensitive and selective detection of mercury (Hg+) heavy metal
The sensitivity of developed electrode has gained significant attention for potential energy storage and electrochemical sensor activities. The modified nano-CdO/Ag-CdO-carbon paste electrodes were developed for electrochemical detection of mercury (Hg+) heavy metal. The synthesized samples were well characterized through PXRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), SEM-EDAX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis), XPS (X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform Infra-Red), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Ag-CdO modified electrode endowed with higher sensing current and Csp (188F/g) than pure CdO NPs (94.6F/g) measured by Linear Sweep (LS), Cyclic Voltammetric (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectral (EIS) techniques. The excellent electrochemical sensing action of developed Ag-CdO electrode was examined on heavy metal Hg+ ions at 15 mM scan rate in 0.1M KCl. The linear relationship of sensing measurements with smaller concentration (15 mM) was observed with its increased current (+ 1.64 104 A/cm2 at 1 mM) at 30 mV/s. LOD of CdO and Ag-CdO electrodes (Hg+Oxid) were found at 1.91 mM & 2.41 mM (Hg+Red) respectively with maximum sensitivity at -0.006V. LOQ of CdO and Ag-CdO electrodes (Hg+Oxid) were 5.78 mM & 6.98 mM respectively with maximum sensitivity at -0.006V. The antibacterial measurements of prepared samples were examined for their susceptibility to inhibit the growth of gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Thus, the synthesized Ag-CdO electrode provides a new insight for determining the concentrations of critical pollutants and processing the various nanoparticles for sensing of cyanogenic heavy metals. The Author(s) 2025. -
Emergency response to natural disaster victim identification: Blockchain to the rescue
Rapid, coordinated action by various stakeholders is required to respond effectively to a natural disaster. Suffice it; such efficiency has been missing in many previous rescue attempts. Is blockchain capable of making this happen? The Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) process is a sophisticated operation in which post-mortem (PM) identifying data, including fingerprints, DNA, and dental records, are acquired and matched with antemortem (AM) data from the missing people list. Although there are solutions to human identification, they must provide the tools required to achieve human identification promptly. Blockchain technology is one of the technologies that has gained much attention recently and is undergoing heavy media operations. It creates trustworthy, secure, and comprehensive ecosystems by disseminating siloed AM and PM data across systems, preventing breaches, redundancies, inconsistencies, and errors. Using real-world scenarios, the authors present several good use cases in this chapter to gain a holistic understanding of the challenges and how blockchain technology addresses such challenges and facilitates multi-jurisdictional data information sharing in conjunction with the upcoming distribution of patients electronic medical and dental records. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Emergence of women chefs and their status in the hotel industry: A study with special reference to Bengaluru /
International Journal of Advance Research In Computer Science And Management Studies, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.50-57, ISSN No:2321-7782. -
Embracing Sustainability: Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Promoting Green Growth Amidst a Competitive Business Environment in India
In today's ever-evolving business environment, the synergy between corporate achievement and societal accountability highlights the critical importance of integrating sustainability through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This article explores CSR's pivotal role in cultivating green growth amid the intricacies of a highly competitive business environment. Starting with an examination of CSR's evolution and components, the narrative highlights the need for a paradigm shift in business strategies amidst global challenges like climate change and resource scarcity. Central to this transformation is the integration of sustainable practices, emphasizing eco-friendly measures and operational efficiency. The article delves into the multifaceted benefits of CSR, illustrating how companies can shape a positive corporate image by aligning with consumer preferences and ethical considerations. Crucial elements such as stakeholder engagement and collaboration are emphasized, showcasing successful CSR initiatives that foster sustainable development through cooperative efforts. Additionally, the article underscores CSR's role in navigating the evolving regulatory landscape, emphasizing the importance of proactive compliance for sustained business viability. In an era where investors increasingly consider Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria, the article positions CSR as a magnet for socially responsible investments. It elucidates how a commitment to sustainable practices not only attracts investors but also fuels innovation, fostering market differentiation and enhancing a company's competitive edge. Ultimately, the article contends that incorporating CSR into corporate strategy is not merely a response to societal expectations but a strategic imperative for businesses seeking resilience, relevance, and prosperity amidst intense competition and global challenges. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Embracing intelligent machines: Aqualitative study to explore thetransformational trends inthe workplace
Purpose: With Industry 4.0 and the extensive rise of smart technologies, we are seeing remarkable transformations in work practices and workplaces. Scholars report the phenomenal progress of smart technologies. At the same time, we can hear the rhetoric emphasising their potential threats. This study focusses on how and where intelligent machines are leveraged in the workplace, how humans co-working with intelligent machines are affected and what they believe can be done to mitigate the risks of the increased use of intelligent machines. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 respondents working in various leadership capacities associated with intelligent machines and technologies. Using NVivo, we coded and churned out the themes from the qualitative data collected. Findings: This study shows how intelligent machines are leveraged across different industries, ranging from chatbots, intelligent sensors, cognitive systems and computer vision to the replica of the entire human being. They are used end-to-end in the value chain, increasing productivity, complementing human workers skillsets and augmenting decisions made by human workers. Human workers experience a blend of positive and negative emotions whilst co-working with intelligent machines, which influences their job satisfaction level. Organisations adopt several anticipatory strategies, like transforming into a learning organisation, identifying futuristic technologies and upskilling their human workers, regularly conducting social learning events and designing accelerated career paths to embrace intelligent technologies. Originality/value: This study seeks to understand the emotional and practical implications of the use of intelligent machines by humans and how both entities can integrate and complement each other. These insights can help organisations and employees understand what future workplaces and practices will look like and how to remain relevant in this transformation. 2024, Sumathi Annamalai and Aditi Vasunandan. -
Embracing edge computing: Elevating marketing intelligence across Asian business horizons
This research paper investigates the transformative potential of Edge Computing within the Asian business landscape, with a specific focus on India and China. It also aims to understand the implications of edge computing in the domain of market intelligence in the Asian business setup. The study falls into the category of exploratory research. It is based on the systematic review of academic literature related to edge computing and frontier technology advancements in Asian countries. The findings suggest that Edge Computing has the potential to bridge the technology gap in Asia, offering governments and businesses the means to reach wider audiences and accelerate innovation. Edge Computing is in the early stages of mass adoption, especially in the Asian context. Hence, this viewpoint article sets itself apart by enunciating the structure and approach in which the Asian business landscape can make use of edge technologies. The practical implications of this study lie in its potential to inform policymakers, businesses and technology innovators in Asia about the opportunities presented by Edge Computing. By understanding the tailored approaches taken by India and China, stakeholders can better harness Edge Computing to drive economic development, bridge technology disparities and enhance their global competitiveness. 2025 Priyakrushna Mohanty and Khushi Vasudev. All rights reserved. -
Embracing change: Understanding climate changes and diversity challenges
Embracing change in the context of climate change and diversity challenges is crucial for fostering resilience and promoting sustainability. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise are not just environmental issues; they amplify social inequities and economic disparities, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. Addressing these challenges requires a commitment to environmental sustainability and the integration of diverse perspectives. Additionally, fostering cultural diversity enhances our collective knowledge and adaptive capacity, allowing for innovative solutions rooted in varied experiences and traditions. Governments and organizations must collaborate to create adaptive policies that prioritize resilience, equity, and inclusivity. Embracing change means recognizing the interconnectedness of climate issues and social dynamics, ultimately fostering a holistic approach to create a sustainable and equitable future for all. By understanding these challenges, we can navigate the complexities of change and emerge stronger together. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Embodied Intelligence and the Phenomenology of Al
The intersection of artificial intelligence (Al), embodied cognition, and phenome-nology represents one of the most profound and complex inquiries in contemporary philosophy of mind. This chapter explores the epistemological and ontological dimensions of embodied intelligence and its relationship to the phenomenology of consciousness, with a specific focus on qualia-the subjective, first-person qualities of experience. By bridging computational models of intelligence with phenomeno-logical analyses of perception and awareness, the chapter advances an integrative framework that challenges reductionist and purely mechanistic views of cognition. It argues that consciousness, rather than emerging from disembodied computation, is fundamentally rooted in embodied, context-dependent, and experiential struc-tures. Drawing from phenomenological thinkers such as Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty, alongside contemporary Al paradigms including connectionism and enactivism. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Embedding behavioral biases into robo-advisory platforms-case of UAE investors
Purpose: This study aims to identify individuals' biases while making investment decisions and explore how these biases can be incorporated into a robo-advisory platform to help mitigate these biases. This paper identifies eight investment-related behavioral biases: mental accounting, gamblers fallacy, hindsight, regret aversion, disposition, trend-chasing, loss aversion and herding. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses primary data from 263 respondents across various age groups, of which approximately 50 were wealth management professionals in the UAE. A random sampling method from probability sampling is employed to gather the primary data. The identified biases serve as dependent variables; the age and income of individuals serve as the independent variables. Findings: Age and income are significantly related to mental accounting, herding, gambler fallacy and loss aversion. Existing studies on behavioral finance demonstrate that individuals who make investment decisions are susceptible to cognitive fallacies, leading to nonrational investment decisions. Practical implications: By studying these biases affecting individuals of varying ages and income levels, wealth management professionals can tailor their financial robo-advisory services to address these biases and help clients build wealth with consistent investment. Originality/value: This study uses survey-based sampling in the context of the UAE; hence, the data and analysis represent originality. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Embedding behavioral biases into robo-advisory platforms-case of UAE investors
Purpose: This study aims to identify individuals' biases while making investment decisions and explore how these biases can be incorporated into a robo-advisory platform to help mitigate these biases. This paper identifies eight investment-related behavioral biases: mental accounting, gamblers fallacy, hindsight, regret aversion, disposition, trend-chasing, loss aversion and herding. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses primary data from 263 respondents across various age groups, of which approximately 50 were wealth management professionals in the UAE. A random sampling method from probability sampling is employed to gather the primary data. The identified biases serve as dependent variables; the age and income of individuals serve as the independent variables. Findings: Age and income are significantly related to mental accounting, herding, gambler fallacy and loss aversion. Existing studies on behavioral finance demonstrate that individuals who make investment decisions are susceptible to cognitive fallacies, leading to nonrational investment decisions. Practical implications: By studying these biases affecting individuals of varying ages and income levels, wealth management professionals can tailor their financial robo-advisory services to address these biases and help clients build wealth with consistent investment. Originality/value: This study uses survey-based sampling in the context of the UAE; hence, the data and analysis represent originality. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Embedded Finance in Action: A Pathway to Sustainable Growth
This chapter examines how embedded finance reshapes sustainable investment through AI, machine learning, and DeFi integration with ESG practices. These technologies can address behavioral biases such as loss aversion, yet major challenges remain. ESG data is fragmented, with rating providers often showing correlations below 0.6, weakening automated screening. Greenwashing risks rise as automation favors convenience over impact checks, while regulation lags behind and leaves fiduciary duties unclear. The discussion links these issues to finance theory, applying CAPM to test whether ESG factors improve risk- adjusted returns and using behavioral insights to assess how embedded systems may correct cognitive limits. Case studies show that while embedded finance reduces transaction friction, turning convenience into measurable sustainability outcomes is still uncertain. The chapter contributes by connecting finance theory with emerging technologies to evaluate real versus promised effects on sustainable investment. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Embarrassment in the Context of Negative Emotions and Its Effects on Information Processing
Negative emotions are feelings of sadness arising out of negative evaluation of oneself by self or others. Embarrassment is characterized as a negative emotion which is experienced as a threat to ones social identity. This chapter discusses the differences between embarrassment and related negative emotions, namely shame, guilt and humiliation and its effects on information processing. Around 45 articles have been reviewed in the process, which were selected based on their relation to either negative emotions in general or specifically to one or more of them. The study uses the interactional (bio-psycho-social) approach to determine the antecedents and consequences of experiencing embarrassment and how it affects information processing. It further explores gender differences in the experience of negative emotions. Given that the existing evidence reveals many contradictory findings in the experience of negative emotions, this chapter conceptualizes certain factors that might influence this experience. It also provides some reasons for variations in experience of embarrassment and related negative emotions, on the basis of gender. This chapter concludes by proposing the complexity of embarrassment as an emotion and a conceptual framework of a continuum on which the experiences of embarrassment may lie and the factors determining the placement of these experiences with their cognitive implications. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Corrected Publication 2020. -
EM-ACO-ARM: An Enhanced Multiple Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Resource Management in Cloud Environment
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is an intelligent algorithm ensuring optimal resource management in cloud environments. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the ACO algorithm called Enhanced Multiple Ant Colony Optimization for Adaptive Resource Management (EM-ACO-ARM). Our approach uses multiple ant colonies undergoing several iterations of optimizations to find the optimal Virtual Machine (VM) and adapt to the convergence uncertain-ties, unlike a single ant colony in the existing ACO, which can hinder Quality of Service (QoS)-based performance parameters. We conducted experiments in a cloud-simulated environment to evaluate EM-ACO-ARM in two phases. In the first phase, we computed real-time Montage tasks using the existing ACO algorithm on VMs across ten scenarios. To ensure an unbiased comparison, the same cloud configuration was maintained in the second phase, and the same tasks were computed using the proposed EM-ACO-ARM algorithm in all ten scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that EM-ACO-ARM improves Execution Cost and Execution Time, leading to a 14.73% increase in Resource Utilization. This ultimately improves the management of cloud resources. Additionally, a stability evaluation was conducted using regression models, and it outputted EM-ACO-ARM to provide more stability than the existing ACO algorithm. The cloud can provide better QoS with the proposed EM-ACO-ARM algorithm while abiding by Service Level Agreements. 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. -
EM AND THE BIG HOOM by Jerry Pinto
[No abstract available]