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Metaheuristic Optimization of Deep Learning Models for Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing Data
Deep learning techniques have greatly advanced land-cover classification from remote sensing imagery, but their performance depends critically on choosing optimal hyperparameters. Manually tuning hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, network depth, dropout rate) is time-consuming and often suboptimal. Metaheuristic algorithms offer an automated approach to this problem. In this work, we compare five metaheuristic optimizersParticle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), and an Enhanced Dipper Throat Optimization Algorithm (EDTOA)for hyperparameter tuning of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a ResNet-50, and a U-Net. We evaluate these methods on two benchmark land-cover datasets: EuroSAT (patch-level multispectral image classification) and DeepGlobe (pixel-wise satellite image segmentation). Our data preprocessing includes normalization, data augmentation, and computing spectral indices (e.g., NDVI) to enrich the feature set. Each metaheuristic searches the hyperparameter space to maximize validation accuracy (for EuroSAT) or mean Intersection-over Union (mIoU) (for DeepGlobe). In addition to predictive performance, we analyze the computational cost (wall-clock time, epochs to convergence, GPU usage) of each optimizer to assess the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy. AVOA and EDTOA achieve the best results on both datasets (e.g., up to 98.5% accuracy on EuroSAT and 56% mIoU on DeepGlobe), outperforming the PSO, GA, and DE baselines while offering favorable cost-performance balance. These findings demonstrate that advanced metaheuristics can significantly improve deep model performance in land-cover classification. Our contributions include a comprehensive experimental comparison of five optimizers, a detailed methodology integrating spectral index features, a cost performance analysis, and reference results to guide future research. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Paired Domination Integrity of Graphs
The concept of vulnerability in a communication network plays an important role when there is a disruption in the network. There exist several graph parameters that measure the vulnerability of a communication network. Domination integrity is one of the vulnerability parameters that measure the performance of a communication network. In this paper, we introduce the concept of paired domination integrity of a graph as a new measure of graph vulnerability. Let G = (V, E) be a simple, connected graph. A set of vertices in a graph G, say S, is a paired dominating set if the following two conditions are satisfied: (i) every vertex of G has a neighbor in S and (ii) the subgraph induced by S contains a perfect matching. The paired domination integrity of G, denoted by PDI(G), is defined as PDI(G) = min{|S|+m(G?S): S is a paired dominating set of G}, where m(G?S) is the order of the largest component in the induced subgraph of G?S. In this paper, we determine few bounds relating paired domination integrity with other graph parameters and the paired domination integrity of some classes of graphs. 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
New trends in malayalam cinema: A case study on Amal Neerad films /
Amal Neerad is an Indian Film Maker and Cinematographer hailing from Kerala. He is also a producer and has recently produced several movies. Amal Neerad is known for his style in cinematography which is unique. The Director uses his typical style of film making in all his movies. Certain cinematic techniques like continuity cuts and extreme angles are extensively used in the movies of Amal Neerad. -
Artificial Intelligence Based Automatic Question Paper Generation Using Natural Language Processing
Question paper generation is a crucial task in education, where the objective is to design an assessment that effectively evaluates students knowledge and understanding of various subjects. Traditional methods of question paper generation can be exceedingly difficult, time-consuming, and inappropriate and may not be fully optimized. They ensure a comprehensive assessment of students knowledge. The system also offers the flexibility to customize question papers based on specific preferences and requirements. This research introduces a comparative approach to question paper generation using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Word Embedding, and Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) models, leveraging the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). This model compares their Semantic Representation Quality, Context Understanding, and Computational Complexity. Comparing these techniques shows that LSA offers simplicity but may lack precision, while word embedding balances complexity and semantic understanding. Seq2Seq models, despite their complexity, provide contextually rich mappings with the highest degree of fine-tuning potential. This comparative analysis underscores the importance of understanding the nuances and trade-offs of each approach, enabling educators to make informed decisions in adopting these technologies to enhance educational practices and student learning experiences. A few modules are included in this system, including the admin module, add user, subject selection, question entry, question management, paper management and difficulty level. By capitalizing on the capabilities of LSA, Seq2Seq models, and word embedding, educators can revolutionize the process of question paper generation, ultimately leading to more effective and impactful student learning outcomes. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
The Green Evolution: Transforming Supply Chains for a Sustainable Future
The paper analyses systemic, multi-stakeholder effort required to overcome continual challenges. Proactive solutions that prioritize supplier collaboration and transparency, aided by emerging technologies and public-policy guidance, can drive the necessary sustainability transformation. The required sustainability change can be initiated by proactive solutions that place a high priority on supplier collaboration and transparency, supported by new technology and recommendations from public policy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
HRM challenges and employee wellbeing in the tourism industry: Moderating role of organizational culture
The current study aims to understand the Challenges faced by Tourism sector employees and its effect on employee well being. Also the moderating effect of Organizational culture is measured. Staff members of airlines, hotels, and travel agencies provided the main data used in this quantitative analysis. A total of 122 individuals were deemed suitable for the study according to the Kregcie-Morgan table. Using the HRM Challenges, Employee Wellbeing, and Organizational Culture measure as a starting point, a carefully crafted questionnaire was developed. Gaskins' master validity table was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS for factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with. The findings show that there is a negative impact of HRM challenges on the employee wellbeing. But when organization culture is introduced as a moderator, it dampens the effect of challenges on employee wellbeing. Therefore, to reduce the impact of challenges on employee wellbeing, Organizational culture is the key. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Gen Z and the Road to Electric Vehicles: Navigating Practical Barriers
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are regarded as a solution to lowering a countrys carbon emissions in numerous countries worldwide. When compared to traditional fueled vehicles, also known as Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), EVs emit significantly less carbon. Numerous countries including India, are looking to increase EV adoption as part of their plan to curb their overall carbon output. However, transforming a substantial portion of a countrys vehicles to EVs, comes with its own set of challenges in areas like infrastructure required to maintain EVs as well as meeting the increased demand in energy in a sustainable and environment friendly manner. The present study dives into the exploration of perception among Gen Z towards adoption of EVs particularly related to factors such as cost, infrastructure, functionality and environment. The study signifies the importance of functionality features in electric vehicles such as facilities, technological features and benefits in the long run that have significant effect in effecting the perception of Gen Z in adopting electric vehicles. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
A concise study on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial efficiency of Artemisia absinthium L.: Phytochemical analysis of plant
This study is meant to elucidate the phytochemical and antibacterial characteristics of wormwood Artemisia absinthium L, a perennial herb from Asteraceae family that has been used extensively in traditional medicine. It has diverse phytochemical composition, including bitter sesquiterpenoid lactones like absinthin, as well as essential oil constituents including camphene, ?-cadinene, guaiazulene, ?-thujone, ?-thujone, and thujyl alcohol esters. Applications of A. absinthium in the past include its ability to treat a wide range of illnesses, from fever to gastrointestinal problems. This study highlights the presence of various phytochemical compounds in plant extract of A. absinthium, such as tannins, saponins, and terpenoids through standardised protocols. Remarkably, this study also reveals its antibacterial capabilities using agar well diffusion method against five different pathogenic bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), Salmonella typhi (not sequenced, procured from Chettinad Hospital, Chennai), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 439), and Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 109). Testing it against these strains of bacteria highlighted its effectiveness in this area. A. absinthium presents a compelling topic for continued scientific investigation due to its complex phytochemical composition and antimicrobial efficiency. 2026, ScienceIn Publishing. All rights reserved. -
An Exploration of the Symbolic Power of Sand Play and Well-Being in Children: Analysis of Sand Play
This book chapter attempts to understand childrens inner world through the images, symbols, colors, and themes in their Sand Play. This essay covers sand play (both dry and wet sand tray) sessions of children during play therapy sessions. It provides an overview of the context of sand play, including background information, client referral, developmental age, the Play Therapy Dimension Model (PTDM), neuroscience, symbolism used, positioning, and placement of the symbols. This book chapter on SAND TRAY helps to engage effectively with children in line with PTDM, integrating theory into practice, understanding the therapists position and movement in the therapeutic process, and approaches using PTDM. Copyright 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Use of this publication to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Exploring the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention among college students in India
This study investigated the effectiveness of an eight-week mindfulness-based intervention program on the trait mindfulness, psychological well-being and emotion regulation of college-going students. The experimental group participants were college-going students (N = 40) who enrolled for the intervention, and the participants in the control group (N = 40) were interested in the intervention and considered as a wait-list control group. The experimental group underwent mindfulness-based interventions, which included 1112 sessions, including brief exercises and meditations related to their trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being. They received 23h of training per week for eight weeks. Repeated Measures of ANOVA together with an independent sample t-test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention programme. Further, Cohens d was used to calculate the effect size to explain the variance caused by the intervention program in trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being. The results indicated that students significantly improved in their trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being after receiving mindfulness training. In conclusion, the application of this eight-week mindfulness-based intervention sheds light on the common psychological issues confronted by college students in India, presenting itself as an advantageous tool for the professionals working in this field and offering positive effects on the overall well-being of college students. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Further studies on chromatic completion of graphs
The chromatic completion graph of G with respect to a proper vertex coloring c of G, denoted by Gc?, is the graph obtained by adding all possible edges to G without violating the proper coloring protocol. The maximum number of edges added to G to obtain the chromatic completion graph is the chromatic completion number ??(G). Equitable chromatic completion graph Ge? of a graph G and equitable chromatic completion number ??e(G) are the equitable analogues of Gc? and ??(G), respectively. In this paper, we present various structural aspects of chromatic completion graphs and equitable chromatic completion graphs. Also, the chromatic completion and the related parameter are described in terms of adjacency matrix and color matrix of graphs. The equitable chromatic completion graph is shown to be a Tur graph. More relevantly, we obtained the equitable chromatic completion number of an arbitrary graph G. World Scientific Publishing Company. -
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Towards An 'Alternate' Mythical Reality : A Postmodern Reading of the Graphic Narratives of Appupen and Amruta Patil
The graphic novel landscape in India has witnessed a significant change with newlineinnovative and revolutionary ideas. The new age writers of the gra -
Static Analysis and Machine Learning for Runtime Library Detection in Linux Binaries
The upsurge of malware targeting Internet of Things (IoT) devices demands effective approaches. This work announces a new method, stimulated by MANTILLA, which influences machine learning models. Through a prominence on architecture-independent characteristics from binary procedures, the system progresses its competence to differentiate among several libraries as well as architectures. Classification accuracy is further enhanced by employing a majority voting technique such that the output of the model is robust and reliable. Besides the machine learning-based classification, the paper incorporates a malware detection module based on signature matching. This two-pronged approach enables the system to cross-check discovered runtime libraries against a large database of pre-collected malware signatures. By marking possible security threats according to this comparison, the system greatly increases its ability to identify malicious binaries, thus offering an added layer of security for IoT devices. This unification of detection and classification mechanisms plays an important role in dealing with the changing nature of malware threats. Although encouraging results were obtained through this project, more evaluation should be done for comparison of the efficiency of KNN with other models, for example, Random Forest. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Enhanced Detection of Malicious URLs Using Supervised Machine Learning Models
This paper deliberates on URL phishing, one important subset of cyber threats. Most modern-day deceptive practices have shifted to the digital space due to the vast scope of information available on the internet. URL phishing is a dishonest practice that includes masquerading harmful links as legitimate links to trick users into sharing their private data. Detection of URL phishing is extremely challenging, hence most of these attacks go undetected until it is too late for the victim. Automatic blacklist that rely heavily on user-generated reports to monitor internet links have been repeatedly proven ineffective time and again. Along with failing to identify newly listed phishing sites, these systems also tend to mistake harmless links for phishing traps. This paper proposes the application of classification techniques of practical machine learning, specifically analysing the patterns and behaviours of URLs to detect phishing websites accurately. Leveraging the properties of Decision Trees, Random Forests, Logistic Regression, SVM, and Light GBM, we were able to come up with a detection model, which precisely calculates accuracy, precision, recall, as well as F1 score to evaluate the validity of URL classification. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Transitioning from anthropocene to anthropause? A study of the consumer behavioural shifts in the hospitality sector
The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the human race to transition from anthropocene to anthropause philosophy. Against this backdrop, the term "anthropause" describes the abrupt and intentional cessation of regular human activities caused by the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The human response to this global health crisis has massively affected and altered human behaviour. The pandemic had an enormous impact with a sudden halt in the global human mobility phenomenon, and businesses were pushed to cater to altered consumption patterns. Hospitality is one such sector that has been impacted immensely. The study examines the key factors influencing consumer behaviour in the hospitality industry during the post-pandemic times. The study can be classified as conceptual research and would assess the theoretical underpinnings of the studies focusing on altered consumer behaviour. The chapter would also lead to a critical discussion on the transformation of consumption behaviour in the aftermath of this outbreak. Thematic content analysis of the data collected through the review of critical works in the domain of hospitality management has been triangulated with the authors' reflections to reach a consensual position. This work would also focus on understanding the theoretical standpoint of the researchers about the various stages of evolution in consumer behaviour in the field of hospitality businesses. Lastly, this conceptual study aims to analyse the current trends and future directions in consumer behaviour with particular reference to hospitality businesses. As post-pandemic consumer behaviour is still evolving, the present chapter would help trigger a broader discussion within academia and practitioners of hospitality businesses. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved. -
Digital nomads: redefining tourism success or complicating destination challenges
The COVID-19 pandemic hastened the distant work revolution and gave rise to a distinct consumer group called digital nomads. Digital nomads, which include independent contractors, self-employed people, and people who have escaped the confines of the office, have the ability to work from home while travelling both domestically and abroad. However, there are worries that the rise of the digital nomad could worsen already problematic travel issues like overtourism. The purpose of this study is to conceptually analyse the effects of digital nomads on tourist locations by reviewing existing literature and recent reports. Understanding the effects of digital nomadism is essential in a world where popular places battle overtourism. With its main arguments nestled within the critical literature review, the study can be categorized as a viewpoint paper. The study also draws important inspiration from the grey literature because the subject is current. The Editors and Contributors Severally 2024. -
Internet of Senses: immersive eating and traversing into the metaverse
[No abstract available]