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Effect of social performance on sustainability of microfinance institutions
Microfinance is one of the sustainable business models with a double bottom line of financial and social relevance in the turf of development. Microfinance was recognized as a development tool that enhanced income and the standard of living of the marginalized through a sustainable business model. newlineThe concept of social performance,financial performance in microfinance institutions, and the trend of commercialization resulted in understanding the effect of social performance on the sustainability of microfinance institutions. newlineThe effect of social performance on the sustainability of microfinance institutions was quantified using CERISE (Committee of Exchanges of Reflection and Information on Systems of Savings Credit) and Social Performance Indicator (SPI) tool. Financial performance of the microfinance institutions were analyzed from 6 years audited financials of the microfinance institutions (Financial years 2009 2010 to 2014 2015),and various ratios were calculated from the audited financials and gathered information. newlineRBI-NBFC-MFIs directions resulted in reductions in the portfolio yield, portfolio risk, personal expenses, administration and other expenses. Portfolio yield was 31.12% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 22.45% in the financial year 2013 2014. Portfolio risk was 2.11% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 0.24% in the financial year 2014 2015. Personal expense was 10.46% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 5.46% in the financial year 2014 2015. Administration and other expense was 2.95 in the year 2014 15. Even though there was reduction in the portfolio yield, after implementing RBI-NBFC-MFI directions all the NBFC-MFIs of the study were sustainable. newlineThe scores of social performance of NBFC-MFIs depict that NBFC-MFIs adopted social performance initiatives in the business operations and that there are areas for improvement. -
Effect of social influence on the saving behaviour of freelancing undergraduate students, mediated by financial literacy and self-control; [Vliv socino aspektu na spo?icchovstudent? na volnnoze ve vztahu k finan?ngramotnosti a sebekontrole]
Currently, India is among the countries with the largest youth population with 65% of the people aged below 35 years. These youths engage themselves in a multitude of things which generation-x was not aware. Their daily routine, study habits, entertainment, computer knowledge, and financial affairs are different from that of earlier generations. There is a need to study their financial situation and saving habit as their approach towards enjoyment, recreation, and lifestyle are influenced by factors like social media and popular culture. This study aims to find the mediation effect of financial literacy and self-control on the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour of undergraduate (UG) students, who are freelancing while pursuing their studies. The study obtained 357 responses to questionnaires through purposive sampling method. The study adopted causal mediation research design and employed mediation analysis to find the direct, indirect, and total effects of the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour among freelancing UG students. The results of the study revealed a partial mediation effect, indicating that the social influence not only had a direct impact on the saving behaviour of UG students in India, but also mediated it through financial literacy and self-control. Further research could focus on understanding students knowledge of digital-financial management, as digitisation of the financial sector is rapidly expanding. 2023 The Authors. -
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Effect of Social Cognitive Skills Training (SCST) on Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Adolescents
Social cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments, and it may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This research focuses on the effect of SCST on the cognitive and affective theory of mind for adolescents with low social cognition. Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design was used. Edinburgh Social Cognition test (ESCoT) was used for pre-and post-testing one week before and post-SCST training. The significant findings reveal a positive impact of SCST on the affective theory of mind and cognitive theory of mind in the experimental group. No significant changes were found in the control group (waitlisted). The results help validate the SCST module to improve an adolescents cognitive and affective theory of mind in social cognition. Further implications are discussed. 2024, Institute for Human Rehabilitation. All rights reserved. -
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Effect of Short Glass Fiber Addition on Flexural and Impact Behavior of 3D Printed Polymer Composites
Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) processes, is used for fabrication of 3D models from computer-aided design data using various materials for a wide scope of applications. The principle of FDM or, in general, AM plays an important role in minimizing the ill effects of manufacturing on the environment. Among the various available reinforcements, short glass fiber (SGF), one of the strong reinforcement materials available, is used as a reinforcement in the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix. At the outset, very limited research has been carried out till date in the analysis of the impact and flexural strength of the SGF-reinforced ABS polymer composite developed by the FDM process. In this regard, the present research investigates the impact and flexural strength of SGF-ABS polymer composites by the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. The tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Increments in flexural and impact properties were observed with the addition of SGF to ABS. The increment of 42% in impact strength was noted for the addition of 15 wt % SGF and 54% increase with the addition of 30 wt % SGF. On similar lines, flexural properties also showed improved values of 44 and 59% for the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. SGF addition greatly enhanced the properties of flexural and impact strength and has paved the path for the exploration of varied values of reinforcement into the matrix. 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society -
EFFECT OF SECOND SOUND ON THE ONSET OF RAYLEIGH-B??NARD-MARANGONI MAGNETO CONVECTION
The effects resulting from the substitution of the classical Fourier law by the non-classical Maxwell-Cattaneo law in Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection in an electrically conducting Newtonian fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. In the case of Rayleigh??B??nard convection, the eigenvalue is obtained for free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic boundaries. In the case of Marangoni and Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection the eigenvalues are obtained for an upper free / adiabatic and a lower rigid / isothermal boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. The classical approach predicts an infinite speed for the propagation of heat. The present non-classical theory involves a wave type heat transport (SECOND SOUND) and does not suffer from the physically unacceptable drawback of infinite heat propagation speed. It is found that the results are noteworthy at short times and the critical eigenvalues are less than the classical ones. -
Effect of samarium doping on structural properties and electronic structure of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3ceramic with antimicrobial applications
The research work reports a systematic examination of structure, microstructure, electronic and local structure, optical and antimicrobial properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) and Bi0.45Sm0.05Na0.5TiO3 (BSNT) ceramics manufactured by the solid-state route. The influence of a small amount of samarium (Sm) doping at the A-site of BNT matrix is examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), UVvis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and antimicrobial analyses. XRD reveals single-phase rhombohedral structures with R3c space group. FTIR provides evidence for perovskite structures. Raman spectra illustrate three prominent vibrations, like Bi - O/Na - O, Ti - O vibrations of TiO6, and oxygen ion vibrations of the TiO6 octahedron of both samples. FESEM reveals better grain developments, and elemental confirmations are evident from EDS. The topographical and morphological studies, such as RMS and average roughness, skewness, and kurtosis, are conducted by AFM. XPS reveals dual oxidation states of Ti and Sm, and oxygen vacancies (OVs). A detailed analysis of the electronic structure is performed by examining the Bi L3-edge and Ti K-edge XANES spectra of BNT and BSNT, along with those of the model compounds. The Fourier transform of EXAFS analysis is conducted to probe the local structure, and extracted parameters, like coordination number (N), bond distance (R(), and Debye-Waller factor (?2), are analyzed. UVvis studies reveal a minute reduction in the band gap in BSNT. Impedance study shows the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) responses. The antibacterial activities are examined by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) caused by the materials, along with a control antibiotic, against a variety of bacterial strains. 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Effect of salt spray parameters on TiC reinforced aluminium based in-situ metal matrix composites
This paper aims attention at characteristics of corrosion of reinforced primary and secondary processed Al6061 based composites along TiC particles. Using potassium hexaflourotitanate (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KB4) halide salts, the synthesis of composites was done utilizing in-situ technique using stir casting route at temperature 850 Celsius. Open die forging was subjected upon in-situ composites of cast aluminium alloy at a temperature 500C. Both microstructure studies and salt spray test were subjected upon to forged and cast alloy 6061 and its in-situ composites. In accordance to ASTM B117 standard test procedure, salt spray test was conducted utilizing 5% NaCl test solution. The results impart that, the alloy forged, and respective in-situ composites exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance comparatively. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid
This paper discusses the theoretical aspects of the effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid layer kept between two parallel plates of infinite extent separated by a thin layer, heated and soluted from above. The onset of salt finger convection (convection due to the salt finger process) is studied through the linear stability analysis theory. The system of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the normal mode analysis method and the required solution is found by applying the Galerkin method. The effect of heat transfer and concentration of micropolar liquid is obtained for (i) freefree, (ii) rigidrigid, and (iii) rigidfree isothermal, permeable with no-spin boundary conditions. The effect of different micropolar parameters (i.e.,coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter) has been analyzed on the onset of stationary convection, and the results are depicted graphically. It is shown that different non-uniform concentration gradients, diffusivity ratio, coupling parameter, and solutal Rayleigh number influence the heat transfer in the system. The phase of concentration flow for different boundary conditions is compared and analyzed. 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Effect of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and a combination of both on andrographolide production in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
Elicitors act as signaling compounds that can induce and enhance the production of metabolites by activating biochemical pathways in response to external stress. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule in plants in response to an attack by biotrophic pathogens whereas jasmonic acid (JA) is released in plants in response to wounds and herbivory. Both the signaling molecules aid in plant chemical defenses by increasing the production of secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effect of SA, JA, and the combination of both (SA + JA) on the andrographolide content in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 M) of SA and JA individually, and an equimolar combination of both SA and JA together, were administered to cell suspension cultures taken in triplicates at shake flask scale. Andrographolide content was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography. Both SA and JA showed a positive effect on andrographolide content with the increase in their concentrations. SA at its highest concentration resulted in just 0.18-fold increase (83.33 6.7 g/g DCW) in andrographolide content compared to control, whereas JA resulted in a 3-fold increase (211 5.8 g/g DW); the combination of both SA and JA had an intermediate effect at all concentrations except one concentration (75 + 75 M) which resulted in a 3.8-fold increase (280 2.7 g/g DW), in andrographolide content. 2023 Ahmed and Praveen. -
Effect of rotation on Brinkman-Bard convection of a Newtonian nanoliquid using local thermal non-equilibrium model
Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection in a Newtonian, nanoliquid-saturated high porous medium using the local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNE) is studied analytically using the single term Galerkin technique. The Bousinessq approximation is considered to be valid and the exerted centrifugal force due to rotation is taken. A high porosity porous material glass reinforced fiber with porosity 0.88% is considered and hence the Brinkman model is adopted. The rate of rotation is quantified by the Taylor number and the stability of the system is controlled by thermal Rayleigh number. The expression for the critical eigenvalue (Rayleigh number) is obtained for both idealistic and realistic boundary conditions, that is, stress-free, isothermal and rigid-rigid, isothermal boundary conditions. The presumption of LTNE advances the inception of convection and increases the transport of heat in comparison with that of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption whereas the opposite phenomenon is seen with the effect of rotation. The effect of various non-dimensional parameters on the convection onset and on transport of heat is also investigated. The results of Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection using the LTE assumption are obtained as limiting cases of the present study for infinite values of the ratio of thermal conductivities and the interphase heat transfer coefficient. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Effect of Replacement of Cement by Metakalion On the Properties Of High Performance Concrete Subjected To Hydrochloric Acid Attack.
Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December , pp.033-038
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Effect of Replacement of Cement By Metakalion On The Properties Of High Performance Concrete Subjected To Hydrochloric Acid Attack
Vol.2, Issue 6, November-December 2012, pp 033-038
ISSN: 2248-9622 -
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Effect of radiative transfer on Rayleigh-Benard convection in a couple- stress fluid
The problem of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a couple-stress fluid with thermal radiation is studied within the framework of linear stability analysis. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The linear stability analysis is based on the normal mode technique. The fluid between the boundaries absorbs and emits thermal radiation. The boundaries are treated as black bodies. The absorption coefficient of the fluid is assumed to be the same at all wavelengths and to be independent of the physical state. The principle of exchange of stabilities is valid and the existence of oscillatory instability is ruled out. The expression for the stationary Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of the governing parameters, viz., the wave number, the couple-stress parameter, the conduction-radiation parameter and the absorptivity parameter. The Galerkin method is used to determine the eigenvalues. The effect of various parameters on the stability of the fluid layer is discussed through figures and tables. -
Effect of quick lime addition for improving compressive strength of fly ash based (cement free) geopolymer concrete
In this current investigation, a comprehensive exploration has been undertaken to advance the development of Class F fly ash-based Geopolymeric mortar and concrete, utilizing fly ash that has been sourced from the Satpura Thermal Power Station in Sarni, District Betul, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study has systematically investigated the influence of Quick Lime addition in the formulation of fly ash-based Geopolymeric mortar and concrete, with a particular focus on enhancing compressive strength within the constraints of ambient atmosphere conditions. The Geopolymeric binder has been meticulously crafted using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activators. Systematic variations of Quick Lime dosages (ranging from 0% to 10% by weight of fly ash) have been introduced, and the ensuing specimens have undergone scrutiny for standard consistency and setting time under ambient temperature curing. The outcomes have underscored a discernible trend wherein the judicious addition of 7 to 9 wt.% calcium oxide (Quick Lime) to the fly ash matrix has precipitated a noteworthy reduction in setting time at room temperature, concurrently manifesting a substantial enhancement in compressive strength for Geopolymeric mortar and concrete formulations. The elucidation of the binder's microstructural phases and their chemical characteristics has been pursued through rigorous analytical methodologies, encompassing X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cost analysis has also been conducted for 1m of concrete, comparing conventional concrete (M25) and fly ash-based Geopolymer concrete. 2025, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved. -
Effect of psychological pricing on consumer buying behaviour: A study on indian consumers
Consumer behaviour is a topic most sought after when it comes to creating successful marketing practices that affect consumers' psychology, acting as a stimulus and inducing them to make purchases. Evidence explains that the psychological pricing strategy communicates with the subconscious mind of consumers, creating a perceptual illusion. This makes the deal seem more appealing to them. This chapter entails a practical study examining the impact of psychological pricing strategies on consumers' buying behaviour. This study has used authentic primary data that has been collected directly from consumers in India based on their buying experiences when encountering psychological pricing. The findings of this research show how socio-demographic factors like age, income, education, gender and family size influence consumers' buying behaviour when encountered with psychological pricing and if psychological patterns such as the anchoring heuristics, recency bias, scarcity effect and halo effect can overpower the influence of psychological pricing strategies in consumer buying behaviour. 2024, IGI Global. -
Effect of Professional Development Programme on Mentorship in Enhancing Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy of In-Service Teachers
Emphasizing the importance of Continuous Professional Development programmes for teachers to ensure quality performance, Educational Policies, frameworks, and professional standards for teachers across nations around the world advocate qualitative and quantitative mentorship training for them, given the dearth of such opportunities. Holistic professional development programs for in-service teachers enhancing their mentorship skills and supporting their overall well-being have become inevitable part of the academic calendars of progressive institutions given the renewed and well-justified emphasis by policies and for their known and established benefits. Though scanty in number, integrated programs supporting the development of mentorship skills among in-service teachers have been reported to be of qualitative benefit in raising their performance bar. The present study reports the formulation and validation of a Professional Development Programme on Mentorship for in-service teachers and its implementation through an intervention adopting the quasi-experimental, single-group pre-test and post-test design. The program module, designed as per the ADDIE model, consisted of five units focusing on self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and skills development in four areas: personal, professional, instructional, and assessment. A group of 48 (n = 48) in-service teachers participated in the study and responded to the Mentor Efficacy Scale, a self-assessment questionnaire, before and after the intervention. Analysis of the pre-test and post-test data shows a significant increase in self-efficacy and outcome expectancy variables of mentorship among in-service teachers. The study's findings offer valuable insights for advocating the professional development program on mentorship skills to build and sustain a professional learning culture, a robust support system for colleagues and a positive school culture. Given the positive and promising results of the program, there is scope for further research exploring the long-term effects of the intervention with a mixed-method design. The Author(s) 2025.